Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Nizami Gəncəvi" in Azerbaijani language version.
The world is a body, Iran its heart,
- No shame to him who says such a word
- Iran, the world’s most precious heart,
- excels the body, there is no doubt.
- Among the realms the kings posses,
- the best domain goes to the best.
Nizami’s strong character, his social sensibility, and his poetic genius fused with his rich Persian cultural heritage to create a new standard of literary achievement. Using themes from the oral tradition and written historical records, his poems unite pre-Islamic and Islamic Iran
Abû Muhammad Ilyas ibn Yusuf ibn Zaki Mu’ayyad, known by his pen-name of Nizami, was born around 1141 in Ganja, the capital of Arran in Transcaucasian Azerbaijan, where he remained until his death in about 1209.
Abû Muhammad Ilyas ibn Yusuf ibn Zaki Mu’ayyad, known by his pen-name of Nizami, was born around 1141 in Ganja, the capital of Arran in Transcaucasian Azerbaijan, where he remained until his death in about 1209. His father, who had migrated to Ganja from Qom in north central Iran, may have been a civil servant; his mother was a daughter of a Kurdish chieftain; having lost both parents early in his life, Nizami was brought up by an uncle. He was married three times, and in his poems laments the death of each of his wives, as well as proferring advice to his son Muhammad. He lived in an age of both political instability and intense intellectual activity, which his poems reflect; but little is known about his life, his relations with his patrons, or the precise dates of his works, as the accounts of later biographers are colored by the many legends built up around the poet.
Abû Muhammad Ilyas ibn Yusuf ibn Zaki Mu’ayyad, known by his pen-name of Nizami, was born around 1141 in Ganja, the capital of Arran in Transcaucasian Azerbaijan, where he remained until his death in about 1209. His father, who had migrated to Ganja from Qom in north central Iran, may have been a civil servant; his mother was a daughter of a Kurdish chieftain; having lost both parents early in his life, Nizami was brought up by an uncle.
Abû Muhammad Ilyas ibn Yusuf ibn Zaki Mu’ayyad, known by his pen-name of Nizami, was born around 1141 in Ganja, the capital of Arran in Transcaucasian Azerbaijan, where he remained until his death in about 1209. His father, who had migrated to Ganja from Qom in north central Iran, may have been a civil servant; his mother was a daughter of a Kurdish chieftain; having lost both parents early in his life, Nizami was brought up by an uncle.
… Nizami was brought up by an uncle. He was married three times, and in his poems laments the death of each of his wives, as well as proferring advice to his son Muhammad. He lived in an age of both political instability and intense intellectual activity, which his poems reflect; but little is known about his life, his relations with his patrons, or the precise dates of his works, as the accounts of later biographers are colored by the many legends built up around the poet.
… He was married three times, and in his poems laments the death of each of his wives, as well as proferring advice to his son Muhammad.
… Nizami … He lived in an age of both political instability and intense intellectual activity, which his poems reflect; but little is known about his life, his relations with his patrons, or the precise dates of his works, as the accounts of later biographers are colored by the many legends built up around the poet.
The culture of Nizami’s Persia is renowned for its deep-rooted tradition and splendor. In pre-Islamic times, it had developed extraordinarily rich and exact means of expression in music, architecture, and daily life as well as in writing, although Iran, its center--or, as the poets believed, its heart--was continually overrun by invading armies and immigrants, this tradition was able to absorb, transform, and ultimately overcome foreign intrusion. Alexander the Great was only one of many conquerors, to be seduced by the Persian way of life.
The three main literary styles which follow each other consecutively are known as: Khurasani, Iraqi, and Hindi. The time spans of each style are equally flexible. Within these broad geographical divisions we then come across certain "literary schools" which reflect regional peculiarities and idiosyncrasies and are identified with smaller entities like provinces or towns. For example, there are: the Azerbayjani school, the Tabriz school, or the Shirvan school.
Abû Muhammad Ilyas ibn Yusuf ibn Zaki Mu’ayyad, known by his pen-name of Nizami… He lived in an age of both political instability and intense intellectual activity, which his poems reflect; but little is known about his life, his relations with his patrons, or the precise dates of his works, as the accounts of later biographers are colored by the many legends built up around the poet.
As the scene of the greatest flowering of the panegyrical qasida, southern Caucasia occupies a prominent place in New Persian literary history. But this region also gave to the world Persia’s finest creator of romantic epics. Hakim Jamal al-din Abu Muhammad Ilyas b. Yusuf b. Zaki b. Mu’ayyad Nizami a native of Ganja in Azarbaijan, is an unrivaled master of thoughts and words, a poet whose freshness and vigor all the succeeding centuries have been unable to dull.
At all events his mother was of Iranian origin, the poet himself calling her Ra’isa and describing her as Kurdish.
At all events his mother was of Iranian origin, the poet himself calling her Ra’isa and describing her as Kurdish.
When Nizami, who was an unusual gifter child, began his formal education, he encountered a vast ocean of Islamic sciences. He studied the religious sciences as his work reflect and mastered the art of quaranic interpretation and Hadith which are the fundamental and foundational bases of the Islamic sciences.
In a highly evocative tale he relates in the Makhzan al-Asrar ("Treasury of Secrets"), the twelfth-century Persian poet, Nizami whose oeuvre is an acknowledged repository of Iranian myths and legends, illustrates the way in which the rose was perceived in the Medieval Persian imagination.
Nizami was not a philosopher like Farabi, ibn Sina and Suhrawardi or the expositor of theoretical Sufism like Ibn 'Arabi and 'Abd al-Razzaq Kashani. However he should be regarded as philosopher and a gnostic who had who had mastered various fields of Islamic thought which he synthesized in a way to bring to mind the tradition of the Hakims who were to come after him such as Qutb al-Din Shirazi and Baba Afdal Kashani, who, while being masters of various school of knowledge, attempted to synthesize different traditions of philosophy, gnosis and theology.
Neẓāmī, in full Elyās Yūsof Neẓāmī Ganjavī, Neẓāmī also spelled Niẓāmī (b. c. 1141, Ganja, Seljuq empire [now Ganca, Azerbaijan]—d. 1209, Ganja), greatest romantic epic poet in Persian literature, who brought a colloquial and realistic style to the Persian epic.
This city was densely populated with Iranians and a small number of Christians.. Анонимный хронист начала XIII среди населения города упоминает две группы — христиане и персы (Анонимный хронист Arxivləşdirilib 2016-09-24 at the Wayback Machine)
چونکه ایران دل زمین باشد:
{{oq|fa|همه عالم تن است و ایران دل
- نیست گوینده زین قیاس خجل
- چونکه ایران دل زمین باشد
- دل ز تن به بود یقین باشد
It is to be noted that the Seljuks, those Turkomans who became sultans of Persia, did not Turkify Persia — no doubt because they did not wish to do so. On the contrary, it was they who voluntarily became Persians and who, in the manner of the great old Sassanid kings, strove to protect the Iranian populations from the plundering of Ghuzz bands and save Iranian culture from the Turkoman menace.
Nizami Ganja’i, whose personal name was Ilyas, is the most celebrated native poet of the Persians after Firdausi… His nisbah designates him as a native of Ganja (Elizavetpol, Kirovabad) in Azerbaijan, then still a country with an Iranian population, and he spent the whole of his life in Transcaucasia; the verse in some of his poetic works which makes him a native of the hinterland of Qom is a spurious interpolation.
ATĀBAKĀN-E ĀḎARBĀYJĀN, an influential family of military slave origin, also called Ildegozids, ruled parts of Arrān and Azerbaijan from about 530/1135-36 to 622/1225; as "Great Atābaks" (atābakān-e aʿẓam) of the Saljuq sultans of Persian Iraq (western Iran), they effectively controlled the sultans from 555/1160 to 587/1181; in their third phase they were again local rulers in Arrān and Azerbaijan until the territories which had not already been lost to the Georgians, were seized by Jalāl-al-dīn Ḵᵛārazmšāh in 622/1225.
Īldegoz… He also sought to secure his position on the edges of the declining Saljuq empire by gaining control over parts of Azerbaijan; he probably gained clear control over it only after the death of Masʿūd’s last favorite, Ḵāṣṣ Beg Arslān b. Palangarī in 548/1153, who had been given a position in that area as well.
The most significant merit of Nozhat al-majāles, as regards the history of Persian literature, is that it embraces the works of some 115 poets from the northwestern Iran (Arrān, Šarvān, Azerbaijan; including 24 poets from Ganja alone), where, due to the change of language, the heritage of Persian literature in that region has almost entirely vanished.
"Alāʾ-al-dīn of Marāḡa… He seems to have been a man of pronounced literary interests, since at his request the poet Neẓāmī Ganǰavī composed the Haft peykar".
The poem had an immense influence on Neẓāmi, who takes the bases for most of his plots from Ferdowsi but the basis for his rhetoric from Gorgāni. This is especially noticeable in his Ḵosrow o Širin, which imitates a major scene (that of the lovers arguing in the snow) from Vis o Rāmin, as well as being in the same meter (hazaj) as Gorgāni’s poem. Nezami’s concern with astrology also has a precedent in an elaborate astrological description of the night sky in Vis o Rāmin. Given Nezami’s own paramount influence on the romance tradition, Gorgāni can be said to have initiated much of the distinctive rhetoric and poetic atmosphere of this tradition, with the exception of its Sufi preoccupations, which are quite absent from his poem.(#accessdate_missing_url)
The Ḥadiqat al-ḥaqiqa is not only one of the first of a long line of Persian didactical maṯnawis, it is also one of the most popular works of its kind as the great number of copies made throughout the centuries attest. Its great impact on Persian literature is evidenced by the numerous citations from the poem occurring in mystical as well as profane works. It has been taken as a model by several other poets, including Neẓāmi, ʿAṭṭār, Rumi, Awḥadi, and Jāmi.
Several cities in Īrān are more opulent than many others, Richer and more productive, by reason of climate and soil, [<Arabic>] Of these is Ganjah, so full of treasure, in Arrān, Isfahān in `Irāq, In Khurāsān Marv and Ṭus, in Rūm (Asia Minor) Āq Sarāy.
In honour of Nizámi, it is related that Ata Beg was desirous of forming and cultivating an acquaintance with him, and with that view ordered one of his courtiers to request his attendance. But it was replied, that Nizámi, being an austere recluse, studiously avoided all intercourse with princes. Ata Beg, on hearing this, and suspecting that the extreme piety and abstinence of Nizámi were affected, waited upon him in great pomp for the purpose of tempting and seducing him from his obscure retreat; but the result was highly favourable to the poet; and the prince ever afterwards looked upon him as a truly holy man, frequently visiting him, and treating him with the most profound respect and veneration. Nizámi also received many substantial proofs of the admiration in which his genius and learning were held. On one occasion, five thousand dinars were sent to him, and on another he was presented with an estate consisting of fourteen villages.
The world entire is body, Persia, heart,
- the writer shames not at this parallel;
- For since that land’s the heart of (all) the earth
- the heart is better than the body, sure*295.
- Of these dominions which the rulers have
- the best of places to the best accrue. Qeyd:
295. The sense is apparently, "since Persia is the heart of the earth, Persia is the best part of the earth, because it is certain that the heart is better than the body."
This city was densely populated with Iranians and a small number of Christians.. Анонимный хронист начала XIII среди населения города упоминает две группы — христиане и персы (Анонимный хронист Arxivləşdirilib 2016-09-24 at the Wayback Machine)
Глава 21. О разорении города Гандзак — "Этот многолюдный город [Гандзак] был полон персов, а христиан там было мало.
It is to be noted that the Seljuks, those Turkomans who became sultans of Persia, did not Turkify Persia — no doubt because they did not wish to do so. On the contrary, it was they who voluntarily became Persians and who, in the manner of the great old Sassanid kings, strove to protect the Iranian populations from the plundering of Ghuzz bands and save Iranian culture from the Turkoman menace.
Nizami Ganja’i, whose personal name was Ilyas, is the most celebrated native poet of the Persians after Firdausi… His nisbah designates him as a native of Ganja (Elizavetpol, Kirovabad) in Azerbaijan, then still a country with an Iranian population, and he spent the whole of his life in Transcaucasia; the verse in some of his poetic works which makes him a native of the hinterland of Qom is a spurious interpolation.
Глава 21. О разорении города Гандзак — "Этот многолюдный город [Гандзак] был полон персов, а христиан там было мало.
This city was densely populated with Iranians and a small number of Christians.. Анонимный хронист начала XIII среди населения города упоминает две группы — христиане и персы (Анонимный хронист Arxivləşdirilib 2016-09-24 at the Wayback Machine)
The three main literary styles which follow each other consecutively are known as: Khurasani, Iraqi, and Hindi. The time spans of each style are equally flexible. Within these broad geographical divisions we then come across certain "literary schools" which reflect regional peculiarities and idiosyncrasies and are identified with smaller entities like provinces or towns. For example, there are: the Azerbayjani school, the Tabriz school, or the Shirvan school.
Abû Muhammad Ilyas ibn Yusuf ibn Zaki Mu’ayyad, known by his pen-name of Nizami… He lived in an age of both political instability and intense intellectual activity, which his poems reflect; but little is known about his life, his relations with his patrons, or the precise dates of his works, as the accounts of later biographers are colored by the many legends built up around the poet.
As the scene of the greatest flowering of the panegyrical qasida, southern Caucasia occupies a prominent place in New Persian literary history. But this region also gave to the world Persia’s finest creator of romantic epics. Hakim Jamal al-din Abu Muhammad Ilyas b. Yusuf b. Zaki b. Mu’ayyad Nizami a native of Ganja in Azarbaijan, is an unrivaled master of thoughts and words, a poet whose freshness and vigor all the succeeding centuries have been unable to dull.
At all events his mother was of Iranian origin, the poet himself calling her Ra’isa and describing her as Kurdish.
At all events his mother was of Iranian origin, the poet himself calling her Ra’isa and describing her as Kurdish.
When Nizami, who was an unusual gifter child, began his formal education, he encountered a vast ocean of Islamic sciences. He studied the religious sciences as his work reflect and mastered the art of quaranic interpretation and Hadith which are the fundamental and foundational bases of the Islamic sciences.
Nizami was not a philosopher like Farabi, ibn Sina and Suhrawardi or the expositor of theoretical Sufism like Ibn 'Arabi and 'Abd al-Razzaq Kashani. However he should be regarded as philosopher and a gnostic who had who had mastered various fields of Islamic thought which he synthesized in a way to bring to mind the tradition of the Hakims who were to come after him such as Qutb al-Din Shirazi and Baba Afdal Kashani, who, while being masters of various school of knowledge, attempted to synthesize different traditions of philosophy, gnosis and theology.
The world is a body, Iran its heart,
- No shame to him who says such a word
- Iran, the world’s most precious heart,
- excels the body, there is no doubt.
- Among the realms the kings posses,
- the best domain goes to the best.
ATĀBAKĀN-E ĀḎARBĀYJĀN, an influential family of military slave origin, also called Ildegozids, ruled parts of Arrān and Azerbaijan from about 530/1135-36 to 622/1225; as "Great Atābaks" (atābakān-e aʿẓam) of the Saljuq sultans of Persian Iraq (western Iran), they effectively controlled the sultans from 555/1160 to 587/1181; in their third phase they were again local rulers in Arrān and Azerbaijan until the territories which had not already been lost to the Georgians, were seized by Jalāl-al-dīn Ḵᵛārazmšāh in 622/1225.
Īldegoz… He also sought to secure his position on the edges of the declining Saljuq empire by gaining control over parts of Azerbaijan; he probably gained clear control over it only after the death of Masʿūd’s last favorite, Ḵāṣṣ Beg Arslān b. Palangarī in 548/1153, who had been given a position in that area as well.
The most significant merit of Nozhat al-majāles, as regards the history of Persian literature, is that it embraces the works of some 115 poets from the northwestern Iran (Arrān, Šarvān, Azerbaijan; including 24 poets from Ganja alone), where, due to the change of language, the heritage of Persian literature in that region has almost entirely vanished.
Several cities in Īrān are more opulent than many others, Richer and more productive, by reason of climate and soil, [<Arabic>] Of these is Ganjah, so full of treasure, in Arrān, Isfahān in `Irāq, In Khurāsān Marv and Ṭus, in Rūm (Asia Minor) Āq Sarāy.
Neẓāmī, in full Elyās Yūsof Neẓāmī Ganjavī, Neẓāmī also spelled Niẓāmī (b. c. 1141, Ganja, Seljuq empire [now Ganca, Azerbaijan]—d. 1209, Ganja), greatest romantic epic poet in Persian literature, who brought a colloquial and realistic style to the Persian epic.
"Alāʾ-al-dīn of Marāḡa… He seems to have been a man of pronounced literary interests, since at his request the poet Neẓāmī Ganǰavī composed the Haft peykar".
In honour of Nizámi, it is related that Ata Beg was desirous of forming and cultivating an acquaintance with him, and with that view ordered one of his courtiers to request his attendance. But it was replied, that Nizámi, being an austere recluse, studiously avoided all intercourse with princes. Ata Beg, on hearing this, and suspecting that the extreme piety and abstinence of Nizámi were affected, waited upon him in great pomp for the purpose of tempting and seducing him from his obscure retreat; but the result was highly favourable to the poet; and the prince ever afterwards looked upon him as a truly holy man, frequently visiting him, and treating him with the most profound respect and veneration. Nizámi also received many substantial proofs of the admiration in which his genius and learning were held. On one occasion, five thousand dinars were sent to him, and on another he was presented with an estate consisting of fourteen villages.
چونکه ایران دل زمین باشد:
{{oq|fa|همه عالم تن است و ایران دل
- نیست گوینده زین قیاس خجل
- چونکه ایران دل زمین باشد
- دل ز تن به بود یقین باشد
The world entire is body, Persia, heart,
- the writer shames not at this parallel;
- For since that land’s the heart of (all) the earth
- the heart is better than the body, sure*295.
- Of these dominions which the rulers have
- the best of places to the best accrue. Qeyd:
295. The sense is apparently, "since Persia is the heart of the earth, Persia is the best part of the earth, because it is certain that the heart is better than the body."
The poem had an immense influence on Neẓāmi, who takes the bases for most of his plots from Ferdowsi but the basis for his rhetoric from Gorgāni. This is especially noticeable in his Ḵosrow o Širin, which imitates a major scene (that of the lovers arguing in the snow) from Vis o Rāmin, as well as being in the same meter (hazaj) as Gorgāni’s poem. Nezami’s concern with astrology also has a precedent in an elaborate astrological description of the night sky in Vis o Rāmin. Given Nezami’s own paramount influence on the romance tradition, Gorgāni can be said to have initiated much of the distinctive rhetoric and poetic atmosphere of this tradition, with the exception of its Sufi preoccupations, which are quite absent from his poem.(#accessdate_missing_url)
The Ḥadiqat al-ḥaqiqa is not only one of the first of a long line of Persian didactical maṯnawis, it is also one of the most popular works of its kind as the great number of copies made throughout the centuries attest. Its great impact on Persian literature is evidenced by the numerous citations from the poem occurring in mystical as well as profane works. It has been taken as a model by several other poets, including Neẓāmi, ʿAṭṭār, Rumi, Awḥadi, and Jāmi.
