Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Sünik" in Azerbaijani language version.
he only work which deals primarily with the Armenian immigration from Persian Azerbaijan to Russia is by Sergei Glinka.(11) He does not supply any numbers, but makes it clear that the majority of the Armenians were headed towards the newly-established Armenian Province, created from the Khanates of Erevan and Nakhichevan. An archival document, however, does shine some light on the issue. The document states that only 279 Armenian families decided to immigrate to Karabakh, and that they settled in Kapan and Meghri on the banks of the Arax (in the southernmost part of Zangezur bordering Iran).(12)
The Byzantine conquest was short-lived: in 1048 Toghrïl Beg led the first Seljuq raid into Armenia, in 1064 Ani and Kars fell to Toghrïl’s nephew and heir Alp-Arslan, and after the Battle of Manzikert (1071) most of the country was in Turkish hands. In 1072 the Kurdish Shāddādids received Ani as a fief. A few native Armenian rulers survived for a time in the Kiurikian kingdom of Lori, the Siuniqian kingdom of Baghq or Kapan, and the principates of Khachen (Artzakh) and Sasun.
In mountainous Karabakh a group of five Armenian maliks (princes) succeeded in conserving their autonomy and maintained a short period of independence (1722-30) during the struggle between Persia and Turkey at the beginning of the 18th century; despite the heroic resistance of the Armenian leader David Beg, the Turks occupied the region but were driven out by the Persians under the general Nādr Qolī Beg (from 1736-47, Nādir Shah) in 1735.
On the north facade are also representations of the founders of the church – Prince Ashot, his wife Shushan, Grigor Supan, the ruler of Gegharkunik, and Prince Dzagik.
When the Orbelians served under the Mongols, Siunik' was a refuge where Armenian culture flourished.
The most illustrious medieval armenian monastic centre of higher learning at this time was founded at Glajor in the region of Siwnik', whose activities spanned the years 1280—1340.
Cultural centres. The aristocratic society of medieval Armenia was hostile to the towns, which were only rarely cultural centers, a role generally reserved for the monastic communities. From the late 9th c., a multitude of monasteries was established in remote, parts of Armenia, among others at Halbat, Sanahin and Horomos, the Bagratid necropolises of the north, Makenoc' and Tat’ew in Siunik, Varag, Albak, Narek and Mus in the south. In these large agglomerations, purely religious buildings were surrounded by libraries and rooms for the translation, copying and illumination of manuscripts, and for discussions and philosophical and theological teaching which transformed them into veritable academies
Alp-Arslan’s victory at Malazgirt also meant that, apart from the districts of Tashir and eastern Siunik', Armenia passes definitely into Muslim hands; and within the nest decade or so, the Byzantines, resolutely anti-Armenian to the end, exterminated several survivors of the native Bagratid and Ardzrunid dynasties.
With the approval of the conciliatory Seljuk Sultan Melik Shah, son of the conqueror Alp Arslan, Senekerim assumed his throne on the death of Grigor and reigned from 1072 to 1094 or 1096.
In 1170, with a new invasion, the Armenian Kingdom of Siunikʿ was terminated. The Armeno-Georgian armies, challenged by the troops of the Azerbaijan atabegs and the emirate of Ganǰa were defeated in the great battle of 1196, and a few years later the Zakʿarids liberated the capital Dvin
During these years of confusion in certain Armenian provinces, the feudal principalities were partially revived, particularly the Orbelids of Siwnikʿ and their vassals the Prošians, within whose boundaries comparatively favorable conditions were created for the development of Armenian academic life, literature, and medieval science.
In those years (1282), the famous university of Glajor was founded, which extended its function to the other spiritual and cultural institutions of the province of Siwnikʿ, e.g., the monasteries of Taṭʿev, Hermon, Aprakunis, and Vorotni and elsewhere
In 1677, with the leadership of Catholicos Yakob of Julfa, a secret meeting was held in Echmiadzin attended by representatives of the clergy, the secular aristocracy, and of the meliks (secular lords) of Siwnikʿ and Arcʿax. The assembly decided to send a delegation to Rome and hoped that by expressing obedience to the Pope they would receive armed assistance to achieve the task of liberation.
One delegation, Israel Ori, son of one of the meliks (secular lords) of Siwnikʿ, attempted single-handedly to pursue negotiations but with no success.
In 1701, Ori traveled to Moscow with the Archimandrite Minas Tigranean, and presented to Peter the Great his plan for the liberation of Armenia, with the help of Russia, by means of the military forces of the meliks of Siwnikʿ and Arcʿax.
In 1722, the Afghan Maḥmūd son of Mīr Ways seized Isfahan, putting an end to the 200-year Safavid kingdom. Meanwhile, in the provinces of Arcʿax and Siwnikʿ in eastern Armenia (Qarabāḡ and Zangezūr), armed strife spread between rebelling Armenian soldiers and local khans and Turkish-speaking nomadic feudal lords seeking self determination in the face of anarchy.
Having only recently shaken off the yoke of the qezelbāš, the Armenian people reengaged in a struggle for liberation, this time against Ottoman occupation troops. The armed Armenian forces waged heroic battles on the outskirts of Erevan, in Qarabāḡ, in the mountainous regions of Siwnikʿ and elsewhere. Daviṭʿ Beg, leader of the liberation battles being waged in Siwnikʿ, defeated the Ottoman troops and reached the banks of the Aras. He linked with Shah Ṭahmāsp II who was conducting the war against the Ottomans in Azerbaijan. Shah Ṭahmāsp by special edict recognized the dominion of Daviṭʿ Beg over the province of Siwnikʿ
However, Prince Smbat of the Orbelid feudal dynasty ruling in the province of Siwnikʿ in southeastern Armenia, had been able to obtain certain rights from the great khan Möngke (Mangū Qāʾān) preserved later on by Hūlāgū Khan and thereafter. Thanks to this feudal immunity, there existed in that part of Armenia relatively bearable conditions which reflected in the economic and cultural life.
he only work which deals primarily with the Armenian immigration from Persian Azerbaijan to Russia is by Sergei Glinka.(11) He does not supply any numbers, but makes it clear that the majority of the Armenians were headed towards the newly-established Armenian Province, created from the Khanates of Erevan and Nakhichevan. An archival document, however, does shine some light on the issue. The document states that only 279 Armenian families decided to immigrate to Karabakh, and that they settled in Kapan and Meghri on the banks of the Arax (in the southernmost part of Zangezur bordering Iran).(12)
Sivniet’i is the Armenian region Siwnik'; Guaspuragani is the Armenian region Vaspurakan.
795. СХП. Тогда царь, немедля, со страхом и великой радостью позаботился о том, чтобы собрать главных нахараров и наместников страны: первым [был] ишхан Ангехтуна, вторым — ишхан Алдзника, который был великим бдешхом, третьим — ишхан мардпетского княжества, четвёртым — венцевозлагатель ишхан, наделенный аспетской властью, пятым — ишхан спарапетства, военачальник страны Армянской, шестым — ишхан края Кордук, седьмым — ишхан земли Цопк, восьмым — ишхан земли Гугарк, именуемый другим бдешхом, девятым — ишхан земли Рштуник, десятым — ишхан земли Мокк, одиннадцатый -ишхан земли Сюник, двенадцатый — ишхан земли Цавда, тринадцатый — ишхан земли Утик, четырнадцатым — шаап, ишхан областей Зараванд и Гер, пятнадцатым — ишхан дома малхазутюн, шестнадцатым — ишхан Арцруника.
В числе других были захвачены сын Хахбака Григор, брат храброго Васака, и племянник его Папак. У Васака было трое сыновей: Папак, Мкдем и Гасан, коего называли Прошем, — мужи храбрые и знатные, от страха перед которыми дрожало все мусульманское войско […] И были они родом из Хачена, знатного происхождения, по вере православные христиане и армяне по национальности.
795. СХП. Тогда царь, немедля, со страхом и великой радостью позаботился о том, чтобы собрать главных нахараров и наместников страны: первым [был] ишхан Ангехтуна, вторым — ишхан Алдзника, который был великим бдешхом, третьим — ишхан мардпетского княжества, четвёртым — венцевозлагатель ишхан, наделенный аспетской властью, пятым — ишхан спарапетства, военачальник страны Армянской, шестым — ишхан края Кордук, седьмым — ишхан земли Цопк, восьмым — ишхан земли Гугарк, именуемый другим бдешхом, девятым — ишхан земли Рштуник, десятым — ишхан земли Мокк, одиннадцатый -ишхан земли Сюник, двенадцатый — ишхан земли Цавда, тринадцатый — ишхан земли Утик, четырнадцатым — шаап, ишхан областей Зараванд и Гер, пятнадцатым — ишхан дома малхазутюн, шестнадцатым — ишхан Арцруника.
On the north facade are also representations of the founders of the church – Prince Ashot, his wife Shushan, Grigor Supan, the ruler of Gegharkunik, and Prince Dzagik.
Alp-Arslan’s victory at Malazgirt also meant that, apart from the districts of Tashir and eastern Siunik', Armenia passes definitely into Muslim hands; and within the nest decade or so, the Byzantines, resolutely anti-Armenian to the end, exterminated several survivors of the native Bagratid and Ardzrunid dynasties.
The Byzantine conquest was short-lived: in 1048 Toghrïl Beg led the first Seljuq raid into Armenia, in 1064 Ani and Kars fell to Toghrïl’s nephew and heir Alp-Arslan, and after the Battle of Manzikert (1071) most of the country was in Turkish hands. In 1072 the Kurdish Shāddādids received Ani as a fief. A few native Armenian rulers survived for a time in the Kiurikian kingdom of Lori, the Siuniqian kingdom of Baghq or Kapan, and the principates of Khachen (Artzakh) and Sasun.
With the approval of the conciliatory Seljuk Sultan Melik Shah, son of the conqueror Alp Arslan, Senekerim assumed his throne on the death of Grigor and reigned from 1072 to 1094 or 1096.
In 1170, with a new invasion, the Armenian Kingdom of Siunikʿ was terminated. The Armeno-Georgian armies, challenged by the troops of the Azerbaijan atabegs and the emirate of Ganǰa were defeated in the great battle of 1196, and a few years later the Zakʿarids liberated the capital Dvin
В числе других были захвачены сын Хахбака Григор, брат храброго Васака, и племянник его Папак. У Васака было трое сыновей: Папак, Мкдем и Гасан, коего называли Прошем, — мужи храбрые и знатные, от страха перед которыми дрожало все мусульманское войско […] И были они родом из Хачена, знатного происхождения, по вере православные христиане и армяне по национальности.
However, Prince Smbat of the Orbelid feudal dynasty ruling in the province of Siwnikʿ in southeastern Armenia, had been able to obtain certain rights from the great khan Möngke (Mangū Qāʾān) preserved later on by Hūlāgū Khan and thereafter. Thanks to this feudal immunity, there existed in that part of Armenia relatively bearable conditions which reflected in the economic and cultural life.
When the Orbelians served under the Mongols, Siunik' was a refuge where Armenian culture flourished.
The most illustrious medieval armenian monastic centre of higher learning at this time was founded at Glajor in the region of Siwnik', whose activities spanned the years 1280—1340.
During these years of confusion in certain Armenian provinces, the feudal principalities were partially revived, particularly the Orbelids of Siwnikʿ and their vassals the Prošians, within whose boundaries comparatively favorable conditions were created for the development of Armenian academic life, literature, and medieval science.
In those years (1282), the famous university of Glajor was founded, which extended its function to the other spiritual and cultural institutions of the province of Siwnikʿ, e.g., the monasteries of Taṭʿev, Hermon, Aprakunis, and Vorotni and elsewhere
In 1677, with the leadership of Catholicos Yakob of Julfa, a secret meeting was held in Echmiadzin attended by representatives of the clergy, the secular aristocracy, and of the meliks (secular lords) of Siwnikʿ and Arcʿax. The assembly decided to send a delegation to Rome and hoped that by expressing obedience to the Pope they would receive armed assistance to achieve the task of liberation.
One delegation, Israel Ori, son of one of the meliks (secular lords) of Siwnikʿ, attempted single-handedly to pursue negotiations but with no success.
In 1701, Ori traveled to Moscow with the Archimandrite Minas Tigranean, and presented to Peter the Great his plan for the liberation of Armenia, with the help of Russia, by means of the military forces of the meliks of Siwnikʿ and Arcʿax.
In 1722, the Afghan Maḥmūd son of Mīr Ways seized Isfahan, putting an end to the 200-year Safavid kingdom. Meanwhile, in the provinces of Arcʿax and Siwnikʿ in eastern Armenia (Qarabāḡ and Zangezūr), armed strife spread between rebelling Armenian soldiers and local khans and Turkish-speaking nomadic feudal lords seeking self determination in the face of anarchy.
In mountainous Karabakh a group of five Armenian maliks (princes) succeeded in conserving their autonomy and maintained a short period of independence (1722-30) during the struggle between Persia and Turkey at the beginning of the 18th century; despite the heroic resistance of the Armenian leader David Beg, the Turks occupied the region but were driven out by the Persians under the general Nādr Qolī Beg (from 1736-47, Nādir Shah) in 1735.
Having only recently shaken off the yoke of the qezelbāš, the Armenian people reengaged in a struggle for liberation, this time against Ottoman occupation troops. The armed Armenian forces waged heroic battles on the outskirts of Erevan, in Qarabāḡ, in the mountainous regions of Siwnikʿ and elsewhere. Daviṭʿ Beg, leader of the liberation battles being waged in Siwnikʿ, defeated the Ottoman troops and reached the banks of the Aras. He linked with Shah Ṭahmāsp II who was conducting the war against the Ottomans in Azerbaijan. Shah Ṭahmāsp by special edict recognized the dominion of Daviṭʿ Beg over the province of Siwnikʿ
Cultural centres. The aristocratic society of medieval Armenia was hostile to the towns, which were only rarely cultural centers, a role generally reserved for the monastic communities. From the late 9th c., a multitude of monasteries was established in remote, parts of Armenia, among others at Halbat, Sanahin and Horomos, the Bagratid necropolises of the north, Makenoc' and Tat’ew in Siunik, Varag, Albak, Narek and Mus in the south. In these large agglomerations, purely religious buildings were surrounded by libraries and rooms for the translation, copying and illumination of manuscripts, and for discussions and philosophical and theological teaching which transformed them into veritable academies
Sivniet’i is the Armenian region Siwnik'; Guaspuragani is the Armenian region Vaspurakan.
