Hess, H. (1840). Thermochemische Untersuchungen, Annalen der Physik und Chemie (Poggendorff, Leipzig) 126(6): 385 – 404.
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Kelvin, William T. (1849) „An Account of Carnot's Theory of the Motive Power of Heat – with Numerical Results Deduced from Regnault's Experiments on Steam.“ Transactions of the Edinburg Royal Society, XVI. January 2.Scanned CopyАрхив на оригинала от 2017-07-24 в Wayback Machine.
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Sir William Thomson, LL.D. D.C.L., F.R.S. Mathematical and Physical Papers. Т. 1. London, Cambridge, C.J. Clay, M.A. & Son, Cambridge University Press, 1882. с. 232.
Kelvin, William T. (1849) „An Account of Carnot's Theory of the Motive Power of Heat – with Numerical Results Deduced from Regnault's Experiments on Steam.“ Transactions of the Edinburg Royal Society, XVI. January 2.Scanned CopyАрхив на оригинала от 2017-07-24 в Wayback Machine.