Ajbaili, Mustapha. Assad makes PR comeback, targets 'American psyche' // Al Arabiya, 14 септември 2013. Посетен на 15 март 2015. "Assad's regime also activated its YouTube channel and multiple Facebook accounts."
Ajbaili, Mustapha. Assad makes PR comeback, targets 'American psyche' // Al Arabiya, 14 септември 2013. Посетен на 15 March 2015. "Assad's regime also activated its YouTube channel and multiple Facebook accounts."
Flores, Reena. Flash Points: Is Syria's Assad losing power? // CBS News. Посетен на 3 май 2015. "a lot of suspicion within the regime itself about who's doing what and if folks are leaving." [...] "These are signs that I think demonstrate a bit of weakness and instability in the regime that you haven't seen in recent months," he said. He cites the waning support from the nation's minority Alawite community as one of these important shifts.
Bronstein, Scott. Syrian rebel groups unite to fight ISIS // CNN. Посетен на 1 октомври 2014. Under the agreement, moderate Muslim rebel groups fighting under the Supreme Military Council of Syria agreed to form an alliance with the predominantly Christian Syriac Military Council.
Flight of Icarus? The PYD's Precarious Rise in Syria // International Crisis Group, 8 май 2014. с. 23. Архивиран от оригинала на 20 февруари 2016. Посетен на 4 октомври 2014. The regime aims to compel people to take refuge in their sectarian and communitarian identities; to split each community into competing branches, dividing those who support it from those who oppose it
Flight of Icarus? The PYD's Precarious Rise in Syria // International Crisis Group, 8 май 2014. с. 23. Архивиран от оригинала на 20 февруари 2016. Посетен на 4 октомври 2014. The regime aims to compel people to take refuge in their sectarian and communitarian identities; to split each community into competing branches, dividing those who support it from those who oppose it
Awad, Ziad. The 2022 Syrian Local Elections: A Leadership Rooted in Regime Networks. San Domenico di Fiesole (FI) Italy, European University Institute, 2023. ISBN 978-92-9466-358-0. DOI:10.2870/52247. с. 5 – 20.
Awad, Ziad. The 2022 Syrian Local Elections: A Leadership Rooted in Regime Networks. San Domenico di Fiesole (FI) Italy, European University Institute, 2023. ISBN 978-92-9466-358-0. DOI:10.2870/52247. с. 5 – 20.
Bashar Assad may be weaker than he thinks // The Economist. 16 октомври 2014. Посетен на 16 октомври 2014. In Latakia and Tartus, two coastal cities near the Alawite heartland, posters of missing soldiers adorn the walls. When IS took over four government bases in the east of the country this summer, slaughtering dozens of soldiers and displaying some of their heads on spikes in Raqqa, IS's stronghold, families started to lose faith in the government. A visitor to the region reports hearing one man complain: "We're running out of sons to give them."
Sherlock, Ruth. Bashar al-Assad's spy chief arrested over Syria coup plot // The Daily Telegraph. 11 май 2015. Архивиран от оригинала на 11 януари 2022. Посетен на 12 май 2015. Mamlouk had also used a businessman from Aleppo as an intermediary to contact Rifaat al-Assad, Bashar's uncle, who has lived abroad exile since he was accused of seeking to mount a coup in Syria in the 1980s.
Karkouti, Mustapha. Time to reconsider 'Life after Al Assad' // Gulf News. Посетен на 10 май 2015. [The] reality on the ground can't be more clear as the population in the regime-controlled parts of Syria are preparing for life after the Al Assad dynasty. According to information received by this author, many businessmen and financiers who flourished under the regime have successfully moved huge amounts of money and capital to neighbouring Lebanon. Some of these funds are now known to have been secretly deposited in Europe.
Harel, Amos. Syrian rebel victories stretch Assad's forces // Haaretz. Посетен на 6 май 2015. There have also been increasing reports of Assad relatives, businessmen and high-ranking members of the Alawite community fleeing Damascus for the coastal city of Latakia, or other countries, after transferring large sums of money to banks in Lebanon, eastern Europe and the United Arab Emirates.
Meuse, Alison. Syria's Minorities: Caught Between Sword Of ISIS And Wrath of Assad // NPR. Посетен на 19 април 2015. Karim Bitar, a Middle East analyst at Paris think tank IRIS [...] says [...] "Minorities are often used as a shield by authoritarian regimes, who try to portray themselves as protectors and as a bulwark"
Baltacioglu-Brammer, Ayse. Alawites and the Fate of Syria // Current Events in Historical Perspective 7 (4). Ohio State University, January 2014. с. 2.
Jones, Mark P. (2018). Herron, Erik S; Pekkanen, Robert J; Shugart, Matthew S (eds.). "Presidential and Legislative Elections". The Oxford Handbook of Electoral Systems. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190258658.001.0001. ISBN 9780190258658. Посетен на 21 май 2020. unanimous agreement among serious scholars that... al-Assad's 2014 election... occurred within an authoritarian context.
Jones, Mark P. Presidential and Legislative Elections // The Oxford Handbook of Electoral Systems. Посетен на 21 май 2020. "unanimous agreement among serious scholars that... al-Assad's 2014 election... occurred within an authoritarian context." (на английски)
King, Esther. Assad denies responsibility for Syrian war // Politico. Посетен на 21 декември 2016. The Syrian president maintained he was fighting to preserve his country and criticized the West for intervening. "Good government or bad, it's not your mission" to change it, he said.
King, Esther. Assad denies responsibility for Syrian war // Politico. Посетен на 21 декември 2016. The Syrian president maintained he was fighting to preserve his country and criticized the West for intervening. "Good government or bad, it's not your mission" to change it, he said.
Oweis, Khaled Yacoub. U.S. imposes sanctions on Syria's Assad // Reuters. 18 May 2011. Архивиран от оригинала на 18 May 2011. Посетен на 12 март 2015. The U.S. move, announced by the Treasury Department, freezes any of the Syrian officials' assets that are in the United States or otherwise fall within U.S. jurisdiction and generally bars U.S. individuals and companies from dealing with them.
Norris, Pippa и др. The Year in Elections, 2014 // Election Integrity Project. 2015. Архивиран от оригинала на 15 април 2021. The Syrian election ranked as worst among all the contests held during 2014.
Sherlock, Ruth. Bashar al-Assad's spy chief arrested over Syria coup plot // The Daily Telegraph. 11 май 2015. Архивиран от оригинала на 11 януари 2022. Посетен на 12 май 2015. Mamlouk had also used a businessman from Aleppo as an intermediary to contact Rifaat al-Assad, Bashar's uncle, who has lived abroad exile since he was accused of seeking to mount a coup in Syria in the 1980s.
Booth, Robert. Exclusive: secret Assad emails lift lid on life of leader's inner circle // The Guardian. 14 март 2013. Посетен на 15 март 2015. Before a speech in December his media consultant prepared a long list of themes, reporting that the advice was based on "consultations with a good number of people in addition to the media and political adviser for the Iranian ambassador".
Administration Takes Additional Steps to Hold the Government of Syria Accountable for Violent Repression Against the Syrian People // United States Department of the Treasury. Посетен на 18 май 2011. Today, President Obama signed an Executive Order (s:Executive Order 13573) imposing sanctions against Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and six other senior officials of the Government of Syria in an effort to increase pressure on the Government of Syria to end its use of violence against its people and to begin a transition to a democratic system that protects the rights of the Syrian people.
Oweis, Khaled Yacoub. U.S. imposes sanctions on Syria's Assad // Reuters. 18 May 2011. Архивиран от оригинала на 18 May 2011. Посетен на 12 март 2015. The U.S. move, announced by the Treasury Department, freezes any of the Syrian officials' assets that are in the United States or otherwise fall within U.S. jurisdiction and generally bars U.S. individuals and companies from dealing with them.
Flight of Icarus? The PYD's Precarious Rise in Syria // International Crisis Group, 8 май 2014. с. 23. Архивиран от оригинала на 20 февруари 2016. Посетен на 4 октомври 2014. The regime aims to compel people to take refuge in their sectarian and communitarian identities; to split each community into competing branches, dividing those who support it from those who oppose it
Flight of Icarus? The PYD's Precarious Rise in Syria // International Crisis Group, 8 май 2014. с. 23. Архивиран от оригинала на 20 февруари 2016. Посетен на 4 октомври 2014. The regime aims to compel people to take refuge in their sectarian and communitarian identities; to split each community into competing branches, dividing those who support it from those who oppose it
Norris, Pippa и др. The Year in Elections, 2014 // Election Integrity Project. 2015. Архивиран от оригинала на 15 април 2021. The Syrian election ranked as worst among all the contests held during 2014.
