The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe, 2013, Hyun Jin Kim, page 57: „After a period of chaos following Attila's death, dualism again reasserted itself in the succession of Dengitzik and Ernak (west and east respectively). The successor to the Hunnic Empire in the east, or rather probably the coninuation, also featured two wings, the Kutrigurs(west) and the Utigurs(east), ruled presumably by Ernak's descendants.“
The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe, Hyun Jin Kim, page 256: Thus in our sources the names Kutrigur, Bulgar and Hun are used interchangeably and refer in all probability not to separate groups but one group.
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O. Maenchen-Helfen, The World of the Huns, page 378: In one instance we are explicitly told that the Kutrigur and Utigur, called Huns by Procopius, Agathias, and Menander, were of the same stock, dressed in the same way, and had the same language. 'Same' does not necessarily mean identical.
