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Roca, Alfred L.; Nicholas Georgiadis, Jill Pecon-Slattery i Stephen J. O'Brien «Genetic evidence for two species of elephant in Africa». Science, 293, 5534, 24-08-2001, pàg. 1473. DOI: 10.1126/science.1059936. PMID: 11520983.
Eggert, Lori S.; Caylor A. Rasner, David S. Woodruff «The evolution and phylogeography of the African elephant inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence and nuclear microsatellite markers». Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 269, 1504, 07-10-2002, pàg. 1993–2006. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2002.2070. ISSN 0962-8452 (paper) 1471-2954 (en línia).
Roca, Alfred L.; Nicholas Georgiadis, Jill Pecon-Slattery i Stephen J. O'Brien «Genetic evidence for two species of elephant in Africa». Science, 293, 5534, 24-08-2001, pàg. 1473. DOI: 10.1126/science.1059936. PMID: 11520983.
Todd, N. E. (2001). African Elephas recki: time, space and taxonomyArxivat 2008-12-16 a Wayback Machine. (pdf). A: Cavarretta, G.; P. Gioia, M. Mussi; M. R. Palombo. The World of Elephants, Proceedings of the 1st International Congress. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Roma, Itàlia.