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Roca, Alfred L.;Nicholas Georgiadis, Jill Pecon-Slattery i Stephen J. O'Brien«Genetic evidence for two species of elephant in Africa».Science,293,5534,24 agost 2001,p.1473. DOI: 10.1126/science.1059936. PMID: 11520983.
Eggert, Lori S.;Caylor A. Rasner, David S. Woodruff«The evolution and phylogeography of the African elephant inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence and nuclear microsatellite markers».Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences,269,1504,07 octubre 2002,p.1993–2006. ISSN 0962-8452 (paper) 1471-2954 (en línia). DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2002.2070.
Roca, Alfred L.;Nicholas Georgiadis, Jill Pecon-Slattery i Stephen J. O'Brien«Genetic evidence for two species of elephant in Africa».Science,293,5534,24 agost 2001,p.1473. DOI: 10.1126/science.1059936. PMID: 11520983.
Todd, N. E. (2001). African Elephas recki: time, space and taxonomyArxivat 2008-12-16 a Wayback Machine. (pdf). A: Cavarretta, G.; P. Gioia, M. Mussi; M. R. Palombo. The World of Elephants, Proceedings of the 1st International Congress. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Roma, Itàlia.