Boileau, Jacques; Claude Fauquignon, Bernard Hueber, Hans H. Meyer. «Explosives» (en anglès). Ullmann's. Encyclopedia of industrial chemistry, 15-04-2009. DOI: 10.1002/14356007.a10_143.pub2. [Consulta: 15 gener 2012]. «Explosives were probably first used in fireworks and incendiary devices. The admixture of saltpeter with combustible products such as coal and sulfur produced black powder, already known in China in the 4th century A.C., described in 808 A.C. by Qing-Xu-Zi, and mentioned as a military gunpowder in a book published in 1044. The use in shells during the Mongolian wars around 1270 and a severe explosion in a factory in 1280 were described. The first correct description of the phenomenon of shock waves in air seems to be in a book by the scientist Song-Ying-Xing in 1637. Around 1580 first descriptions in Europe are known (siege of Berg-op Zoom). However, the difficulties of initiation upon impact against the target were not overcome until 1820 when fulminate caps were developed. In the early 1600s, black powder was used for the first time to break up rocks in a mine in Bohemia. This technique spread throughout Western Europe during the 1600s. Ammonium perchlorate was discovered in 1832.»
Boileau, Jacques; Claude Fauquignon, Bernard Hueber, Hans H. Meyer. «Explosives» (en anglès). Ullmann's. Encyclopedia of industrial chemistry, 15-04-2009. DOI: 10.1002/14356007.a10_143.pub2. [Consulta: 15 gener 2012]. «Explosives were probably first used in fireworks and incendiary devices. The admixture of saltpeter with combustible products such as coal and sulfur produced black powder, already known in China in the 4th century A.C., described in 808 A.C. by Qing-Xu-Zi, and mentioned as a military gunpowder in a book published in 1044. The use in shells during the Mongolian wars around 1270 and a severe explosion in a factory in 1280 were described. The first correct description of the phenomenon of shock waves in air seems to be in a book by the scientist Song-Ying-Xing in 1637. Around 1580 first descriptions in Europe are known (siege of Berg-op Zoom). However, the difficulties of initiation upon impact against the target were not overcome until 1820 when fulminate caps were developed. In the early 1600s, black powder was used for the first time to break up rocks in a mine in Bohemia. This technique spread throughout Western Europe during the 1600s. Ammonium perchlorate was discovered in 1832.»
