On the later more broad application of the term IT, Keary comments- "In its original application 'information technology' was appropriate to describe the convergence of technologies with application in the broad field of data storage, retrieval, processing, and dissemination. This useful conceptual term has since been converted to what purports to be concrete use, but without the reinforcement of definition...the term IT lacks substance when applied to the name of any function, discipline, or position." Anthony Ralston. Encyclopedia of computer science. Nature Pub. Group, 2000. ISBN 978-1-56159-248-7 [Consulta: 12 maig 2013].
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Olofson, Carl W. . IDC, octubre 2009 [Consulta: 7 agost 2012]. «A Platform for Enterprise Data Services»
