"the very first equestrian seal on record is that of William the Conqueror. The double-sided seal die adopted by the Conqueror after Hastings is a celebrated though not fully understood artefact. [...] The great novelty is the equestrian obverse, which depicts William as duke of Normandy [...]. It shows a man wearing a helmet or crown, mounted on a gallopping horse, and holding a shield and banner with three streamers. This image may seem banal, but it is not, for it was completely new in the 1060s. Indeed, I think William was the inventor of the equestrian princely seal." Jean-François Nieus, "Early Aristocratic Seals: An Anglo-Norman Success Story" in: Van Houts (ed.), Anglo-Norman Studies XXXVIII: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 2015 (2016), p. 101
spk-berlin.de
gsta.spk-berlin.de
Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz (gsta.spk-berlin.de). www.gsta.spk-berlin.de [online]. [cit. 2023-11-29]. Dostupné v archivu pořízeném z originálu dne 2018-11-29.
web.archive.org
Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz (gsta.spk-berlin.de). www.gsta.spk-berlin.de [online]. [cit. 2023-11-29]. Dostupné v archivu pořízeném z originálu dne 2018-11-29.
