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Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people. The term "Kaiserreich" literally denotes an empire – particularly a hereditary empire led by an emperor, although "Reich" has been used in German to denote the Roman Empire because it had a weak hereditary tradition. In the case of the German Empire, the official name was Deutsches Reich, which is properly translated as "German Empire" because the official position of head of state in the constitution of the German Empire was officially a "presidency" of a confederation of German states led by the King of Prussia who would assume "the title of German Emperor" as referring to the German people, but was not emperor of Germany as in an emperor of a state. — "The German Empire." Harper's New Monthly Magazine. vol. 63, issue 376, pp. 591–603; here p. 593.
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HAFFNER, Sebastian. The Rise and Fall of Prussia. [s.l.]: Plunkett Lake Press 136 s. Dostupné online. (anglicky)
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BLAKEMORE, Erin. Germany's World War I Debt Was So Crushing It Took 92 Years to Pay Off [online]. [cit. 2019-11-17]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)Je zde použita šablona {{Cite web}} označená jako k „pouze dočasnému použití“.
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Před 145 lety emžská depeše vyvolala prusko-francouzskou válku. Reflex.cz [online]. [cit. 2020-06-19]. Dostupné online.
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German constitution of 1871 [online]. German Wikisource, 16 March 2011 [cit. 2011-04-02]. Dostupné online. (německy)Je zde použita šablona {{Cite web}} označená jako k „pouze dočasnému použití“.
