Alhazen (Danish Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Alhazen" in Danish language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank Danish rank

18doi.org

2^nd place

13^th place

11nih.gov

4^th place

24^th place

10worldcat.org

5^th place

36^th place

10jstor.org

26^th place

145^th place

8web.archive.org

1^st place

7books.google.com

3^rd place

25^th place

5archive.org

6^th place

12^th place

4st-andrews.ac.uk

1,547^th place

6,715^th place

4unesco.org

104^th place

86^th place

3brillonline.com

1,199^th place

3,029^th place

3light2015.org

low place

3encyclopedia.com

462^nd place

917^th place

3researchgate.net

120^th place

348^th place

2bbc.co.uk

8^th place

14^th place

2sagepub.com

731^st place

1,641^st place

2harvard.edu

18^th place

119^th place

1ishim.net

low place

1cgie.org.ir

2,835^th place

low place

1silverchair.com

low place

1psu.edu

207^th place

521^st place

1e-rara.ch

low place

1elsevier.com

610^th place

1,570^th place

1galegroup.com

1,830^th place

low place

1philomatica.org

low place

1amphilsoc.org

2,973^rd place

low place

1muslimheritage.com

low place

1ieee.org

652^nd place

3,295^th place

1cut-the-knot.org

low place

1fandom.com

843^rd place

1,008^th place

1muslimphilosophy.com

low place

1iranicaonline.org

358^th place

2,181^st place

1britannica.com

40^th place

65^th place

1alshindagah.com

low place

1nasa.gov

75^th place

113^th place

1aku.edu

low place

1csmonitor.com

791^st place

803^rd place

1realbanknotes.com

low place

1ibtimes.com

911^th place

1,404^th place

1dailygalaxy.com

low place

1google.dk

6,745^th place

54^th place

aku.edu

AKU Research Publications 1995–98 Arkiveret 4. januar 2015 hos Wayback Machine

alshindagah.com

Al Deek 2004. Al Deek, Mahmoud (2004), "Ibn Al-Haitham: Master of Optics, Mathematics, Physics and Medicine", Al Shindagah (november-december 2004), arkiveret fra originalen 17. juni 2008, hentet 21. september 2008

amphilsoc.org

Smith, A. Mark (2004). "What is the History of Medieval Optics Really About?" (PDF). Arkiveret fra originalen (PDF) 2011-10-18.

archive.org

Carl Brockelmann, Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur, vol. 1 (1898), p. 469.
Osler, Margaret J. (2010). Reconfiguring the World. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. s. 103.
Lindberg, David C. (1992). The Beginnings of Western Science. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
El-Bizri 2010, s. 12: "This [Latin] version of Ibn al-Haytham's Optics, which became available in print, was read and consulted by scientists and philosophers of the caliber of Kepler, Galileo, Descartes, and Huygens as discussed by Nader El-Bizri." El-Bizri, Nader (2010). "Classical Optics and the Perspectiva Traditions Leading to the Renaissance". I Hendrix, John Shannon; Carman, Charles H. (red.). Renaissance Theories of Vision (Visual Culture in Early Modernity). Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate. s. 11–30. ISBN 978-1-409400-24-0.
El-Bizri 2010, s. 12. El-Bizri, Nader (2010). "Classical Optics and the Perspectiva Traditions Leading to the Renaissance". I Hendrix, John Shannon; Carman, Charles H. (red.). Renaissance Theories of Vision (Visual Culture in Early Modernity). Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate. s. 11–30. ISBN 978-1-409400-24-0.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"The 'first true scientist'" (britisk engelsk). 2009. Hentet 2. juni 2018.
Al-Khalili, J. (2009) The 'first true scientist'. BBC News, 4. januar 2009. Hentet 15. december 2021.

books.google.com

Selin 2008: "The three most recognizable Islamic contributors to meteorology were: the Alexandrian mathematician/ astronomer Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen 965–1039), the Arab-speaking Persian physician Ibn Sina (Avicenna 980–1037), and the Spanish Moorish physician/jurist Ibn Rushd (Averroes; 1126–1198)." He has been dubbed the "father of modern optics" by the UNESCO. "Impact of Science on Society". UNESCO. 26-27: 140. 1976.. "International Year of Light – Ibn Al-Haytham and the Legacy of Arabic Optics". www.light2015.org (engelsk). Arkiveret fra originalen 1. oktober 2014. Hentet 9. oktober 2017.. "International Year of Light: Ibn al Haytham, pioneer of modern optics celebrated at UNESCO". UNESCO (engelsk). Hentet 9. oktober 2017.. Specifically, he was the first to explain that vision occurs when light bounces on an object and then enters an eye. Adamson, Peter (2016). Philosophy in the Islamic World: A History of Philosophy Without Any Gaps. Oxford University Press. s. 77. ISBN 978-0-19-957749-1. Selin, Helaine, red. (2008), "M", Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, vol. 1, Springer, s. 1667, ISBN 978-1402045592
Adamson, Peter (2016). Philosophy in the Islamic World: A History of Philosophy Without Any Gaps. Oxford University Press. s. 77. ISBN 978-0-19-957749-1.
A. Mark Smith (1996). Ptolemy's Theory of Visual Perception: An English Translation of the Optics. American Philosophical Society. s. 57. ISBN 978-0871698629.
Heath, Thomas L. (2003), A Manual of Greek Mathematics, Courier Dover Publications, s. 121-132, ISBN 0-486-43231-9.
Alsina, Claudi; Nelsen, Roger B. (2010), "9.1 Squarable lunes", Charming Proofs: A Journey into Elegant Mathematics, Dolciani mathematical expositions, vol. 42, Mathematical Association of America, s. 137-144, ISBN 978-0-88385-348-1.
Sabra 2007, s. 122, 128–29. Grant (1974, s. 392) kalder Book of Optics, som også er blevet omtalt som Opticae Thesaurus Alhazen Arabis, De Aspectibus, og Perspectiva Sabra, A. I. (2007), "The "Commentary" That Saved the Text: The Hazardous Journey of Ibn al-Haytham's Arabic "Optics"", Early Science and Medicine, 12 (2): 117-33, doi:10.1163/157338207x194668, JSTOR 20617660, hentet 22. januar 2014 Grant, Edward (1974), A source book in medieval science, vol. Volume One, Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press {{citation}}: |volume= har ekstra tekst (hjælp)
Chong, Lim & Ang 2002 Appendix 3, p. 129. Chong, S.M.; Lim, A.C.H.; Ang, P.S (2002), Photographic Atlas of the Moon, ISBN 978-0521813921

brillonline.com

referenceworks.brillonline.com

også Alhacen, Avennathan, Avenetan, osv.; "Alhazen" identitet som Ibn al-Haytham al-Basri "blev identificeret mod slutningen af 1800-tallet". (Vernet 1996, s. 788) Vernet, J. (1996) [1960], "Ibn al-Haytham", i Gibb, H. A. R.; Bearman, P. (red.), Encyclopaedia of Islam (First udgave), Leiden: Brill Publishers, ISBN 978-9004161214
For the description of his main fields, see e.g. Vernet 1996, s. 788 ("He is one of the principal Arab mathematicians and, without any doubt, the best physicist.") Sabra 2008, Kalin, Ayduz & Dagli 2009 ("Ibn al-Ḥaytam was an eminent eleventh-century Arab optician, geometer, arithmetician, algebraist, astronomer, and engineer."), Dallal 1999 ("Ibn al-Haytham (d. 1039), known in the West as Alhazan, was a leading Arab mathematician, astronomer, and physicist. His optical compendium, Kitab al-Manazir, is the greatest medieval work on optics.") Vernet, J. (1996) [1960], "Ibn al-Haytham", i Gibb, H. A. R.; Bearman, P. (red.), Encyclopaedia of Islam (First udgave), Leiden: Brill Publishers, ISBN 978-9004161214 Sabra, A. I. (2008) [1970–80], "Ibn Al-Haytham, Abū ʿAlī Al-Ḥasan Ibn Al-Ḥasan", Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Charles Scribner's Sons Kalin, Ibrahim; Ayduz, Salim; Dagli, Caner, red. (2009), "Ibn al-Ḥaytam", The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science, and Technology in Islam, Oxford University Press Dallal, Ahmad S. (1999), "Science, Medicine and Technology", i Esposito, John L. (red.), The Oxford History of Islam, Oxford University Press
J., Vernet. "Ibn al-Hayt̲h̲am". Encyclopaedia of Islam (engelsk)."Abu ʿAlī al-Ḥasan b. al-Ḥasan b. al-Hayt̲h̲am al-Baṣrī al-Miṣrī, was identified towards the end of the 19th century with the Alhazen, Avennathan and Avenetan of mediaeval Latin texts. He is one of the principal Arab mathematicians and, without any doubt, the best physicist."

britannica.com

"Ibn al-Haytham | Arab astronomer and mathematician". Encyclopedia Britannica (engelsk).

cgie.org.ir

"the Great Islamic Encyclopedia". Cgie.org.ir. Arkiveret fra originalen 30. september 2011. Hentet 27. maj 2012.

csmonitor.com

Murphy 2003. Murphy, Dan (17. oktober 2003), "No more 'Saddams': Iraqis get new currency", The Christian Science Monitor, hentet 21. september 2008

cut-the-knot.org

Hippocrates' Squaring of the Lune at cut-the-knot, accessed 2012-01-12.

dailygalaxy.com

"Cosmos A Spacetime Odyssey: "Light! --Our Window on the Universe" (In-Depth Preview of Tonight's Episode 5)". The Daily Galaxy. 6. april 2014. Arkiveret fra originalen 23. september 2015. Hentet 6. april 2014.

doi.org

Lindberg 1967, s. 331:"Peckham continually bows to the authority of Alhazen, whom he cites as "the Author" or "the Physicist"." Lindberg, David C. (1967), "Alhazen's Theory of Vision and Its Reception in the West", Isis, 58 (3): 321-41, doi:10.1086/350266, PMID 4867472
Simon 2006 Simon, G (2006), "The gaze in Ibn al-Haytham.", The Medieval History Journal, 9 (1): 89-98, doi:10.1177/097194580500900105
Tbakhi, Abdelghani; Amr, Samir S. (2007). "Ibn Al-Haytham: Father of Modern Optics". Annals of Saudi Medicine. 27 (6): 464-67. doi:10.5144/0256-4947.2007.464. ISSN 0256-4947. PMC 6074172. PMID 18059131.
D. Coomans; D.L. Massart (1982). "Alternative k-nearest neighbour rules in supervised pattern recognition : Part 1. k-Nearest neighbour classification by using alternative voting rules". Analytica Chimica Acta. 136: 15-27. doi:10.1016/S0003-2670(01)95359-0.
Bremner, David; Demaine, Erik; Erickson, Jeff; Iacono, John; Langerman, Stefan; Morin, Pat; Toussaint, Godfried T. (2005). "Output-sensitive algorithms for computing nearest-neighbor decision boundaries". Discrete and Computational Geometry. 33 (4): 593-604. doi:10.1007/s00454-004-1152-0.
Ramaswamy, Sridhar; Rastogi, Rajeev; Shim, Kyuseok (2000). Efficient algorithms for mining outliers from large data sets. Proceedings of the 2000 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data – SIGMOD '00. s. 427. doi:10.1145/342009.335437. ISBN 1-58113-217-4.
El-Bizri 2007. El-Bizri, Nader (2007), "In Defence of the Sovereignty of Philosophy: Al-Baghdadi's Critique of Ibn al-Haytham's Geometrisation of Place", Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, 17: 57-80, doi:10.1017/S0957423907000367
Postnikov, M. M. (2000), "The problem of squarable lunes", American Mathematical Monthly, 107 (7): 645-651, doi:10.2307/2589121, JSTOR 2589121. Translated from Postnikov's 1963 Russian book on Galois theory.
Smith 2005, s. 219–40. tying the visual perception of space to prior bodily experience, Alhazen unequivocally rejected the intuitiveness of spatial perception and, therefore, the autonomy of vision. Without tangible notions of distance and size for correlation, sight can tell us next to nothing about such things Smith, A. Mark (2005), "The Alhacenian Account of Spatial Perception And Its Epistemological Implications", Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, 15 (2): 219-40, doi:10.1017/S0957423905000184
Bettany 1995, s. 251 Bettany, Laurence (1995), "Ibn al-Haytham: an answer to multicultural science teaching?", Physics Education, 30 (4): 247-52, Bibcode:1995PhyEd..30..247B, doi:10.1088/0031-9120/30/4/011
Rashed 2007, s. 11. Rashed, Roshdi (2007), "The Celestial Kinematics of Ibn al-Haytham", Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, 17: 7-55, doi:10.1017/S0957423907000355
Sabra 2007. Sabra, A. I. (2007), "The "Commentary" That Saved the Text: The Hazardous Journey of Ibn al-Haytham's Arabic "Optics"", Early Science and Medicine, 12 (2): 117-33, doi:10.1163/157338207x194668, JSTOR 20617660, hentet 22. januar 2014
Sabra 2007, s. 122, 128–29. Grant (1974, s. 392) kalder Book of Optics, som også er blevet omtalt som Opticae Thesaurus Alhazen Arabis, De Aspectibus, og Perspectiva Sabra, A. I. (2007), "The "Commentary" That Saved the Text: The Hazardous Journey of Ibn al-Haytham's Arabic "Optics"", Early Science and Medicine, 12 (2): 117-33, doi:10.1163/157338207x194668, JSTOR 20617660, hentet 22. januar 2014 Grant, Edward (1974), A source book in medieval science, vol. Volume One, Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press {{citation}}: |volume= har ekstra tekst (hjælp)
Magill & Aves 1998, s. 66: "Sabra discusses in detail the impact of Alhazen's ideas on the optical discoveries of such men as Descartes and Christiaan Huygens; see also El-Bizri 2005a." Magill, Frank Northen; Aves, Alison (1998), "The Middles Ages: Alhazen", Dictionary of World Biography, vol. 2, Routledge, ISBN 978-1579580414 El-Bizri, Nader (2005a), "A Philosophical Perspective on Alhazen's Optics", Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, 15 (2): 189-218, doi:10.1017/S0957423905000172
El-Bizri 2005a, 2005b. El-Bizri, Nader (2005a), "A Philosophical Perspective on Alhazen's Optics", Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, 15 (2): 189-218, doi:10.1017/S0957423905000172 El-Bizri, Nader (2005b), "Ibn al-Haytham", i Wallis, Faith (red.), Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine: An Encyclopedia, New York & London: Routledge, s. 237-40, ISBN 0-415-96930-1, OCLC 218847614
Winter, H. J. J. (september 1953). "The Optical Researches of Ibn Al-Haitham". Centaurus (engelsk). 3 (1): 190-210. Bibcode:1953Cent....3..190W. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0498.1953.tb00529.x. ISSN 0008-8994. PMID 13209613.: After the death of Archimedes no really great physicist appeared until Ibn al-Haytham. If, therefore, we confine our interest only to the history of physics, there is a long period of over twelve hundred years during which the Golden Age of Greece gave way to the era of Muslim Scholasticism, and the experimental spirit of the noblest physicist of Antiquity lived again in the Arab Scholar from Basra.
Rashed, Roshdi (august 2002a), "A Polymath in the 10th century", Science, 297 (5582): 773, doi:10.1126/science.1074591, ISSN 0036-8075, PMID 12161634
Rashed, Roshdi (2007), "The Celestial Kinematics of Ibn al-Haytham", Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, 17: 7-55, doi:10.1017/S0957423907000355

e-rara.ch

Friedrich Risner, publ. 1572. Opticae Thesaurus: Alhazeni Arabis Libri Septem Nunc Primum Editi , Eiusdem Liber De Crepusculis Et Nubium Asensionibus . Item Vitellonis Thuringopoloni Libri X. e-rara link. Se Sabra, the authorship of Liber de crepusculis

elsevier.com

reader.elsevier.com

Pelillo, M. (2014) Alhazen and the nearest neighbor rule. Pattern Recognition Letters 38: 34-37.

encyclopedia.com

A. I. Sabra encyclopedia.com Ibn Al-Haytham, Abū
For the description of his main fields, see e.g. Vernet 1996, s. 788 ("He is one of the principal Arab mathematicians and, without any doubt, the best physicist.") Sabra 2008, Kalin, Ayduz & Dagli 2009 ("Ibn al-Ḥaytam was an eminent eleventh-century Arab optician, geometer, arithmetician, algebraist, astronomer, and engineer."), Dallal 1999 ("Ibn al-Haytham (d. 1039), known in the West as Alhazan, was a leading Arab mathematician, astronomer, and physicist. His optical compendium, Kitab al-Manazir, is the greatest medieval work on optics.") Vernet, J. (1996) [1960], "Ibn al-Haytham", i Gibb, H. A. R.; Bearman, P. (red.), Encyclopaedia of Islam (First udgave), Leiden: Brill Publishers, ISBN 978-9004161214 Sabra, A. I. (2008) [1970–80], "Ibn Al-Haytham, Abū ʿAlī Al-Ḥasan Ibn Al-Ḥasan", Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Charles Scribner's Sons Kalin, Ibrahim; Ayduz, Salim; Dagli, Caner, red. (2009), "Ibn al-Ḥaytam", The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science, and Technology in Islam, Oxford University Press Dallal, Ahmad S. (1999), "Science, Medicine and Technology", i Esposito, John L. (red.), The Oxford History of Islam, Oxford University Press
"Ibn Al-Haytham, Abū". HighBeam Research. Hentet 26. december 2014.

fandom.com

math-physics-problems.fandom.com

Lunes of Alhazen. Math & Physics Problems Wiki. Hentet 18. december 2021.

galegroup.com

go.galegroup.com

"Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography". Ibn Al-Haytham, Abū ʿAlī Al-Ḥasan Ibn Al-Ḥasan. Gale Virtual Reference Library.

google.dk

books.google.dk

Macey, Samuel L. (2010). The Dynamics of Progress: Time, Method, and Measure. University of Georgia Press. s. 96.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Bettany 1995, s. 251 Bettany, Laurence (1995), "Ibn al-Haytham: an answer to multicultural science teaching?", Physics Education, 30 (4): 247-52, Bibcode:1995PhyEd..30..247B, doi:10.1088/0031-9120/30/4/011
Winter, H. J. J. (september 1953). "The Optical Researches of Ibn Al-Haitham". Centaurus (engelsk). 3 (1): 190-210. Bibcode:1953Cent....3..190W. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0498.1953.tb00529.x. ISSN 0008-8994. PMID 13209613.: After the death of Archimedes no really great physicist appeared until Ibn al-Haytham. If, therefore, we confine our interest only to the history of physics, there is a long period of over twelve hundred years during which the Golden Age of Greece gave way to the era of Muslim Scholasticism, and the experimental spirit of the noblest physicist of Antiquity lived again in the Arab Scholar from Basra.

ibtimes.com

Poladian, Charles (6. april 2014). "'Cosmos' Episode 5 Preview: We All Come From 'Star Stuff In 'Hiding In The Light' [VIDEO]". International Business Times. Hentet 6. april 2014.

ieee.org

ieeexplore.ieee.org

Cover, T.M., Hart, P.E. (1967) Nearest neighbor pattern classification. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 13: 21-27.

iranicaonline.org

"Optics – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org (engelsk).

ishim.net

Gorini, Rosanna (oktober 2003). "Al-Haytham the man of experience. First steps in the science of vision" (PDF). Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine. 2 (4): 53-55. Hentet 25. september 2008.

jstor.org

For Ibn al-Haytham's life and works, (Smith 2001, s. cxix) recommends (Sabra 1989, s. vol.2, xix–lxxiii) Smith, A. Mark, red. (2001), Alhacen's theory of visual perception: a critical edition, with English translation and commentary, of the first three books of Alhacen's De aspectibus, the medieval Latin version of Ibn al-Haytham's Kitab al-Manazir, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 91-4, 91-5, oversat af Smith, A. Mark, Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society & DIANE Publishing, ISBN 978-0-87169-914-5, OCLC 163278528 (Books I-III (2001) Vol 1 Commentary and Latin text via JSTOR; Vol 2 English translation I: TOC pp. 339–41, II: TOC pp. 415–16, III: TOC pp. 559–60, Notes 681ff, Bibl. via JSTOR) Sabra, A. I., red. (1989), The Optics of Ibn al-Haytham. Books I-II-III: On Direct Vision. English Translation and Commentary. 2 vols, Studies of the Warburg Institute, vol. 40, oversat af Sabra, A. I., London: The Warburg Institute, University of London, ISBN 0-85481-072-2, OCLC 165564751
G. J. Toomer. Review on JSTOR, Toomer's 1964 review of Matthias Schramm (1963) Ibn Al-Haythams Weg Zur Physik Toomer p. 464: "Schramm sums up [Ibn Al-Haytham's] achievement in the development of scientific method."
Friedrich Risner, publ. 1572. Opticae Thesaurus: Alhazeni Arabis Libri Septem Nunc Primum Editi , Eiusdem Liber De Crepusculis Et Nubium Asensionibus . Item Vitellonis Thuringopoloni Libri X. e-rara link. Se Sabra, the authorship of Liber de crepusculis
Smith, A. Mark (1988) "Ptolemy, Optics" Isis Vol. 79, No. 2 (Jun., 1988), pp. 188-207, via JSTOR
Smith, A. Mark (1996) Ptolemy's Theory of Visual Perception: An English Translation of the "Optics" with Introduction and Commentary Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 86(2) (1996) via JSTOR
Smith, A. Mark (1999) Ptolemy and the Foundations of Ancient Mathematical Optics: A Source Based Guided Study Transactions of the American Philosophical Society New Series, 89(3) (1999) via JSTOR
[ https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2369168.pdf Baker, M. (1881) Alhazen's Problem, Its Bibliography and an Extension of the Problem.] American Journal of Mathematics 4: 327-331.
Postnikov, M. M. (2000), "The problem of squarable lunes", American Mathematical Monthly, 107 (7): 645-651, doi:10.2307/2589121, JSTOR 2589121. Translated from Postnikov's 1963 Russian book on Galois theory.
Sabra 2007. Sabra, A. I. (2007), "The "Commentary" That Saved the Text: The Hazardous Journey of Ibn al-Haytham's Arabic "Optics"", Early Science and Medicine, 12 (2): 117-33, doi:10.1163/157338207x194668, JSTOR 20617660, hentet 22. januar 2014
Sabra 2007, s. 122, 128–29. Grant (1974, s. 392) kalder Book of Optics, som også er blevet omtalt som Opticae Thesaurus Alhazen Arabis, De Aspectibus, og Perspectiva Sabra, A. I. (2007), "The "Commentary" That Saved the Text: The Hazardous Journey of Ibn al-Haytham's Arabic "Optics"", Early Science and Medicine, 12 (2): 117-33, doi:10.1163/157338207x194668, JSTOR 20617660, hentet 22. januar 2014 Grant, Edward (1974), A source book in medieval science, vol. Volume One, Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press {{citation}}: |volume= har ekstra tekst (hjælp)

light2015.org

Selin 2008: "The three most recognizable Islamic contributors to meteorology were: the Alexandrian mathematician/ astronomer Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen 965–1039), the Arab-speaking Persian physician Ibn Sina (Avicenna 980–1037), and the Spanish Moorish physician/jurist Ibn Rushd (Averroes; 1126–1198)." He has been dubbed the "father of modern optics" by the UNESCO. "Impact of Science on Society". UNESCO. 26-27: 140. 1976.. "International Year of Light – Ibn Al-Haytham and the Legacy of Arabic Optics". www.light2015.org (engelsk). Arkiveret fra originalen 1. oktober 2014. Hentet 9. oktober 2017.. "International Year of Light: Ibn al Haytham, pioneer of modern optics celebrated at UNESCO". UNESCO (engelsk). Hentet 9. oktober 2017.. Specifically, he was the first to explain that vision occurs when light bounces on an object and then enters an eye. Adamson, Peter (2016). Philosophy in the Islamic World: A History of Philosophy Without Any Gaps. Oxford University Press. s. 77. ISBN 978-0-19-957749-1. Selin, Helaine, red. (2008), "M", Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, vol. 1, Springer, s. 1667, ISBN 978-1402045592
"International Year of Light – Ibn Al-Haytham and the Legacy of Arabic Optics". Arkiveret fra originalen 1. oktober 2014. Hentet 4. januar 2015.
"Ibn Al-Haytham and the Legacy of Arabic Optics". 2015 International Year of Light. 2015. Arkiveret fra originalen 1. oktober 2014. Hentet 4. januar 2015.

muslimheritage.com

Gross, C.G. (1981) Ibn al-Haytham on Eye and Brain, Vision and Perception. Bulletin of Islamic Medicine. 3: 309-312. (Digitalt genoptryk på Muslim Heritage)

muslimphilosophy.com

Sardar 1998 Sardar, Ziauddin (1998), "Science in Islamic philosophy", Islamic Philosophy, Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, hentet 3. februar 2008

nasa.gov

ssd.jpl.nasa.gov

NASA 2006. NASA (22. marts 2006), "59239 Alhazen (1999 CR2)", JPL Small-Body Database Browser, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, hentet 20. september 2008

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Lindberg 1967, s. 331:"Peckham continually bows to the authority of Alhazen, whom he cites as "the Author" or "the Physicist"." Lindberg, David C. (1967), "Alhazen's Theory of Vision and Its Reception in the West", Isis, 58 (3): 321-41, doi:10.1086/350266, PMID 4867472
Tbakhi, Abdelghani; Amr, Samir S. (2007). "Ibn Al-Haytham: Father of Modern Optics". Annals of Saudi Medicine. 27 (6): 464-67. doi:10.5144/0256-4947.2007.464. ISSN 0256-4947. PMC 6074172. PMID 18059131.
Flamant, F., Stiles, W. S (1948) The directional and spectral sensitivities of the retinal rods to adapting fields of different wave-lengths. The Journal of Physiology. 107: 187–202. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1948.sp004262. PMC 1392159. PMID 16991798.
Westheimer, G. (2008) Directional sensitivity of the retina: 75 years of Stiles-Crawford effect. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 275: 2777–2786. doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.0712. PMC 2572678. PMID 18765346.
Abudawood, G.A., Alshareef, R., Alghamdi, S. (2021) Arab and Muslim scientists and their contributions to the history of ophthalmology. Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology 34: 198-201. Doi: 10.4103/1319-4534.310407. PMID 34085014; PMCID: PMC8081083.
Winter, H. J. J. (september 1953). "The Optical Researches of Ibn Al-Haitham". Centaurus (engelsk). 3 (1): 190-210. Bibcode:1953Cent....3..190W. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0498.1953.tb00529.x. ISSN 0008-8994. PMID 13209613.: After the death of Archimedes no really great physicist appeared until Ibn al-Haytham. If, therefore, we confine our interest only to the history of physics, there is a long period of over twelve hundred years during which the Golden Age of Greece gave way to the era of Muslim Scholasticism, and the experimental spirit of the noblest physicist of Antiquity lived again in the Arab Scholar from Basra.
Rashed, Roshdi (august 2002a), "A Polymath in the 10th century", Science, 297 (5582): 773, doi:10.1126/science.1074591, ISSN 0036-8075, PMID 12161634

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Tbakhi, Abdelghani; Amr, Samir S. (2007). "Ibn Al-Haytham: Father of Modern Optics". Annals of Saudi Medicine. 27 (6): 464-67. doi:10.5144/0256-4947.2007.464. ISSN 0256-4947. PMC 6074172. PMID 18059131.
Flamant, F., Stiles, W. S (1948) The directional and spectral sensitivities of the retinal rods to adapting fields of different wave-lengths. The Journal of Physiology. 107: 187–202. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1948.sp004262. PMC 1392159. PMID 16991798.
Westheimer, G. (2008) Directional sensitivity of the retina: 75 years of Stiles-Crawford effect. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 275: 2777–2786. doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.0712. PMC 2572678. PMID 18765346.
Abudawood, G.A., Alshareef, R., Alghamdi, S. (2021) Arab and Muslim scientists and their contributions to the history of ophthalmology. Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology 34: 198-201. Doi: 10.4103/1319-4534.310407. PMID 34085014; PMCID: PMC8081083.

philomatica.org

Euclid's Optics

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Gorini, R. (2003) Al-Haytham the man of experience. First steps in the science of vision. Journal of the International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science 2: 53-55.

realbanknotes.com

p71a: 10 Dinars from 1980. realbanknotes.com. Hentet 13/12-2021

researchgate.net

Sabra 2007. Sabra, A. I. (2007), "The "Commentary" That Saved the Text: The Hazardous Journey of Ibn al-Haytham's Arabic "Optics"", Early Science and Medicine, 12 (2): 117-33, doi:10.1163/157338207x194668, JSTOR 20617660, hentet 22. januar 2014
Sabra 2007, s. 122, 128–29. Grant (1974, s. 392) kalder Book of Optics, som også er blevet omtalt som Opticae Thesaurus Alhazen Arabis, De Aspectibus, og Perspectiva Sabra, A. I. (2007), "The "Commentary" That Saved the Text: The Hazardous Journey of Ibn al-Haytham's Arabic "Optics"", Early Science and Medicine, 12 (2): 117-33, doi:10.1163/157338207x194668, JSTOR 20617660, hentet 22. januar 2014 Grant, Edward (1974), A source book in medieval science, vol. Volume One, Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press {{citation}}: |volume= har ekstra tekst (hjælp)
Ibn Al-Haytham's symbolic photo in an Iraqi 10,000-dinar note. researchgate.net. Hentet 13/12-2021

sagepub.com

journals.sagepub.com

Howard, I.P. (1996) Alhazen's neglected discoveries of visual phenomena. Perception 25: 1203-1217.
Aiton, E.J. (1981) Celestial spheres and circles. Hist. Sci. 19: 75-114.

silverchair.com

watermark.silverchair.com

Alhazen (Ibn al-Haytham). Critique of Ptolemy. Pines S, trans. Actes X Congrès internationale d’histoire des sciences, Vol I. Ithaca 1962, refereret i Sambursky S, ed. Physical thought from the Presocratics to the quantum physicists. New York: Pica Press, 1974:139 og Kenkel, J.M. (2009) Revisiting the Scientific Method. Aesthetic Surgery Journal 49: 167-168.

st-andrews.ac.uk

www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk

Ifølge Al-Qifti. O'Connor & Robertson 1999. O'Connor, J. J.; Robertson, E. F., red. (november 1999), "Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, Scotland: School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, hentet 20. september 2008
O'Connor & Robertson 1999 O'Connor, J. J.; Robertson, E. F., red. (november 1999), "Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, Scotland: School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, hentet 20. september 2008
O'Connor & Robertson 1999 O'Connor, J. J.; Robertson, E. F., red. (november 1999), "Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, Scotland: School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, hentet 20. september 2008

mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk

O'Connor, J.J., Robertson, E.F. (1999) Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham. School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland.

unesco.org

en.unesco.org

"International Year of Light: Ibn al Haytham, pioneer of modern optics celebrated at UNESCO". UNESCO (engelsk). Hentet 2. juni 2018.
Selin 2008: "The three most recognizable Islamic contributors to meteorology were: the Alexandrian mathematician/ astronomer Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen 965–1039), the Arab-speaking Persian physician Ibn Sina (Avicenna 980–1037), and the Spanish Moorish physician/jurist Ibn Rushd (Averroes; 1126–1198)." He has been dubbed the "father of modern optics" by the UNESCO. "Impact of Science on Society". UNESCO. 26-27: 140. 1976.. "International Year of Light – Ibn Al-Haytham and the Legacy of Arabic Optics". www.light2015.org (engelsk). Arkiveret fra originalen 1. oktober 2014. Hentet 9. oktober 2017.. "International Year of Light: Ibn al Haytham, pioneer of modern optics celebrated at UNESCO". UNESCO (engelsk). Hentet 9. oktober 2017.. Specifically, he was the first to explain that vision occurs when light bounces on an object and then enters an eye. Adamson, Peter (2016). Philosophy in the Islamic World: A History of Philosophy Without Any Gaps. Oxford University Press. s. 77. ISBN 978-0-19-957749-1. Selin, Helaine, red. (2008), "M", Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, vol. 1, Springer, s. 1667, ISBN 978-1402045592

unesco.org

2015, International Year of Light
"1000 Years of Arabic Optics to be a Focus of the International Year of Light in 2015". United Nations. Hentet 27. november 2014.

web.archive.org

Selin 2008: "The three most recognizable Islamic contributors to meteorology were: the Alexandrian mathematician/ astronomer Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen 965–1039), the Arab-speaking Persian physician Ibn Sina (Avicenna 980–1037), and the Spanish Moorish physician/jurist Ibn Rushd (Averroes; 1126–1198)." He has been dubbed the "father of modern optics" by the UNESCO. "Impact of Science on Society". UNESCO. 26-27: 140. 1976.. "International Year of Light – Ibn Al-Haytham and the Legacy of Arabic Optics". www.light2015.org (engelsk). Arkiveret fra originalen 1. oktober 2014. Hentet 9. oktober 2017.. "International Year of Light: Ibn al Haytham, pioneer of modern optics celebrated at UNESCO". UNESCO (engelsk). Hentet 9. oktober 2017.. Specifically, he was the first to explain that vision occurs when light bounces on an object and then enters an eye. Adamson, Peter (2016). Philosophy in the Islamic World: A History of Philosophy Without Any Gaps. Oxford University Press. s. 77. ISBN 978-0-19-957749-1. Selin, Helaine, red. (2008), "M", Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, vol. 1, Springer, s. 1667, ISBN 978-1402045592
"the Great Islamic Encyclopedia". Cgie.org.ir. Arkiveret fra originalen 30. september 2011. Hentet 27. maj 2012.
"International Year of Light – Ibn Al-Haytham and the Legacy of Arabic Optics". Arkiveret fra originalen 1. oktober 2014. Hentet 4. januar 2015.
Smith, A. Mark (2004). "What is the History of Medieval Optics Really About?" (PDF). Arkiveret fra originalen (PDF) 2011-10-18.
Al Deek 2004. Al Deek, Mahmoud (2004), "Ibn Al-Haitham: Master of Optics, Mathematics, Physics and Medicine", Al Shindagah (november-december 2004), arkiveret fra originalen 17. juni 2008, hentet 21. september 2008
AKU Research Publications 1995–98 Arkiveret 4. januar 2015 hos Wayback Machine
"Ibn Al-Haytham and the Legacy of Arabic Optics". 2015 International Year of Light. 2015. Arkiveret fra originalen 1. oktober 2014. Hentet 4. januar 2015.
"Cosmos A Spacetime Odyssey: "Light! --Our Window on the Universe" (In-Depth Preview of Tonight's Episode 5)". The Daily Galaxy. 6. april 2014. Arkiveret fra originalen 23. september 2015. Hentet 6. april 2014.

worldcat.org

Haq, Syed (2009). "Science in Islam". Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages. ISSN 1703-7603. Retrieved 22 October 2014.
Disputed: Corbin 1993, s. 149. Corbin, Henry (1993) [Original French 1964], History of Islamic Philosophy, oversat af Sherrard, Liadain; Sherrard, Philip, London: Kegan Paul International in association with Islamic Publications for The Institute of Ismaili Studies, ISBN 0-7103-0416-1, OCLC 22109949
Tbakhi, Abdelghani; Amr, Samir S. (2007). "Ibn Al-Haytham: Father of Modern Optics". Annals of Saudi Medicine. 27 (6): 464-67. doi:10.5144/0256-4947.2007.464. ISSN 0256-4947. PMC 6074172. PMID 18059131.
Corbin 1993, s. 149. Corbin, Henry (1993) [Original French 1964], History of Islamic Philosophy, oversat af Sherrard, Liadain; Sherrard, Philip, London: Kegan Paul International in association with Islamic Publications for The Institute of Ismaili Studies, ISBN 0-7103-0416-1, OCLC 22109949
For Ibn al-Haytham's life and works, (Smith 2001, s. cxix) recommends (Sabra 1989, s. vol.2, xix–lxxiii) Smith, A. Mark, red. (2001), Alhacen's theory of visual perception: a critical edition, with English translation and commentary, of the first three books of Alhacen's De aspectibus, the medieval Latin version of Ibn al-Haytham's Kitab al-Manazir, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 91-4, 91-5, oversat af Smith, A. Mark, Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society & DIANE Publishing, ISBN 978-0-87169-914-5, OCLC 163278528 (Books I-III (2001) Vol 1 Commentary and Latin text via JSTOR; Vol 2 English translation I: TOC pp. 339–41, II: TOC pp. 415–16, III: TOC pp. 559–60, Notes 681ff, Bibl. via JSTOR) Sabra, A. I., red. (1989), The Optics of Ibn al-Haytham. Books I-II-III: On Direct Vision. English Translation and Commentary. 2 vols, Studies of the Warburg Institute, vol. 40, oversat af Sabra, A. I., London: The Warburg Institute, University of London, ISBN 0-85481-072-2, OCLC 165564751
El-Bizri 2006. El-Bizri, Nader (2006), "Ibn al-Haytham or Alhazen", i Meri, Josef W. (red.), Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopaedia, vol. II, New York & London: Routledge, s. 343-45, ISBN 0-415-96692-2, OCLC 224371638
Duhem 1969, s. 28. Duhem, Pierre (1969) [First published 1908], To Save the Phenomena: An Essay on the Idea of Physical theory from Plato to Galileo, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, ISBN 0-226-16921-9, OCLC 12429405
El-Bizri 2005a, 2005b. El-Bizri, Nader (2005a), "A Philosophical Perspective on Alhazen's Optics", Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, 15 (2): 189-218, doi:10.1017/S0957423905000172 El-Bizri, Nader (2005b), "Ibn al-Haytham", i Wallis, Faith (red.), Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine: An Encyclopedia, New York & London: Routledge, s. 237-40, ISBN 0-415-96930-1, OCLC 218847614
Winter, H. J. J. (september 1953). "The Optical Researches of Ibn Al-Haitham". Centaurus (engelsk). 3 (1): 190-210. Bibcode:1953Cent....3..190W. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0498.1953.tb00529.x. ISSN 0008-8994. PMID 13209613.: After the death of Archimedes no really great physicist appeared until Ibn al-Haytham. If, therefore, we confine our interest only to the history of physics, there is a long period of over twelve hundred years during which the Golden Age of Greece gave way to the era of Muslim Scholasticism, and the experimental spirit of the noblest physicist of Antiquity lived again in the Arab Scholar from Basra.
Rashed, Roshdi (august 2002a), "A Polymath in the 10th century", Science, 297 (5582): 773, doi:10.1126/science.1074591, ISSN 0036-8075, PMID 12161634