Sujata Ashwarya Cheema, "Hamas and Politics in Palestine:Impact on Peace-Building", in Rajendra Madhukar Abhyankar (ed.), West Asia and the Region: Defining India's Role, Academic Foundation 2008 pp. 463–91 [465]: "Hamas considers Palestine the main front of jihad and viewed the uprising as an Islamic way of fighting the Occupation. The leaders of the organization argued that Islam gave the Palestinian people the power to confront Israel and described the Intifada as the return of the masses to Islam. Since its inception, Hamas has tried to reconcile nationalism and Islam. ... Hamas claims to speak as a nationalist movement but with an Islamic-nationalist rather than a secular nationalist agenda."
Meir Litvak, "Religious and Nationalist Fanaticism: The Case of Hamas", in Matthew Hughes & Gaynor Johnson (eds.), Fanaticism and Conflict in the Modern Age, Frank Cass, London and New York, 2004, pp. 156–57: "Hamas is primarily a religious movement whose nationalist world view is shaped by its religious ideology."
