God information om anvendelse af dimser med negativ modstandskarakteristikker, før de blev opdaget i tunneldioder i 1957: Cristadyne: Semiconductor archaeology or tribute to unknown precursorsArkiveret 17. marts 2013 hos Wayback Machine Citat: "...In 1923, Oleg Losev [O. V. Lossev, Lossew] (1903-1942) ( See link below ) managed to make a high frequency generator using such a detector. But it was polarized. This indicates that this diode had a characteristic curve in which a negative slope was present. And this makes one think of the tunnel effect diode invented a half a century later...These layouts where part of what one called CRYSTADYNE [eller Cristadyne, Crystodyne ] systems. But in those days, the technical performance and industrial ease of the new increasing valve technology made these layouts to be ignored, and then forgotten..."
'Energy-sucking' Radio Antennas, N. Tesla's Power Receiver Citat: "...The truth is quite strange...By manipulating the EM fields, we can force an electrically-small receiving antenna to behave as if it was very, VERY large...In theory a tiny loop antenna can work as well as a longwire 1/2-wave antenna which is 10KM long...The energy doesn't vanish, instead it ends up INSIDE the atom. By resonantly creating an "anti-wave", the tiny atom has "sucked energy" out of the enormously long light waves as they go by...When all is said and done, our oscillating coil has absorbed half of the incoming EM energy and re-emitted (or "scattered") the rest..."
C. F. Bohren, "How can a particle absorb more than the light incident on it?", Am J Phys, 51 #4, pp323 Apr 1983 Citat: "...A particle can indeed absorb more than the light incident on it...In the former, strong absorption is associated with excitation of surfaces plasmons; in the latter it is associated with excitation of surface phonons. In both instances, the target area a particle presents to incident light can be much greater than its geometrical cross-sectional area...."
G. W. Pickard, "How I Invented the Crystal Detector". Electrical Experimenter, vol. VII, no. 4, p. 325, Aug. 1919 Citat: "...In 1898, when my work in Radio-communication began, there was but one detector—the coherer...In the period 1902 to 1906, I tested many different minerals and combinations, including magnetite, pyrite, galena, molybdenite, silicon and zincite...Oscillating Crystal Detectors. The last word on crystal detectors and their uses has yet to be written. For example, it may be of interest to know that they can be made to OSCILLATE, under proper circuit conditions, and I have found it possible to receive intelligible signals from UNDAMPED wave stations across the Atlantic, on a simple contact between a fragment of galena and a fine wire...", backup
beatriceco.com
beatriceco.com: Bell Labs – The Transistor – Other Claims to the InventionArkiveret 21. december 2013 hos Wayback Machine Citat: "...This effect, he stated, was discovered by Dr W. H. Eccles in 1910, and remarked: “It is hard to realize that it took about ten years for practical active crystal-diode circuits to appear, in spite of Ditcham's reminder—circuits that included both RF and AF amplification...Most of the credit for creating practical devices [of this kind] goes to O. V. Lossev of Russia, whether or not he knew of Eccles' pioneer work a decade earlier..."
earlyradiohistory.us: Radio News, September, 1924, pages 294-295, 431: The Crystodyne Principle Citat: "...SEVERAL experimenters have observed that some contacts, such as crystal and metal or crystal and carbon generally employed as detectors may produce undamped oscillations of any frequency, exactly as the vacuum tube oscillator. The same contact may also be utilized as an amplifier. Oscillating crystals are not new since they were investigated as far back as 1906 by well known engineers, but it was not until lately that a Russian engineer, Mr. O. V. Lossev, succeeded in finding some interesting uses for oscillating crystals..."
earlyradiohistory.us: Radio News, September, 1924, page 291: A Sensational Radio Invention By HUGO GERNSBACK Citat: "...Stated in a few words, the invention encompasses an oscillating crystal...In other words, THE CRYSTAL NOW ACTUALLY REPLACES THE VACUUM TUBE. That this is a revolutionary radio invention need be emphasized no further. [Her var Hugo Gernsback dog langt forud for sin tid]...We can not only detect with the crystal, but we can also amplify with it...we can now also transmit with the Crystodyne, and, as a matter of fact, a number of students in Russia have actually sent messages with such sets over distances of more than three-quarters of a mile during the past few months..."
Aertech Industries, Brooke Clarke: Tunnel Diode Amplifiers Citat: "...The TD amplifier combines a TD operating in the negative resistance region with a matching circuit and a circulator to separate the incident and reflected waves. Since the isolation of a single junction circulator is around 20 dB the gain of each stage needs to be less than that to prevent oscillations...", backup
Regeneration revisited. The Tesla Connection by Gary L. Peterson Citat: "...So it may be said that Tesla anticipated the technique of regenerative feedback to increase detector sensitivity...A detailed description of how the negative resistance, negative inductance circuit works, including a differential form of the active antenna circuit and other pertinent information, can be found in U.S. Patent No. 5,296,866, Mar. 22, 199..."
Aertech Industries, Brooke Clarke: Tunnel Diode Amplifiers Citat: "...The TD amplifier combines a TD operating in the negative resistance region with a matching circuit and a circulator to separate the incident and reflected waves. Since the isolation of a single junction circulator is around 20 dB the gain of each stage needs to be less than that to prevent oscillations...", backup
G. W. Pickard, "How I Invented the Crystal Detector". Electrical Experimenter, vol. VII, no. 4, p. 325, Aug. 1919 Citat: "...In 1898, when my work in Radio-communication began, there was but one detector—the coherer...In the period 1902 to 1906, I tested many different minerals and combinations, including magnetite, pyrite, galena, molybdenite, silicon and zincite...Oscillating Crystal Detectors. The last word on crystal detectors and their uses has yet to be written. For example, it may be of interest to know that they can be made to OSCILLATE, under proper circuit conditions, and I have found it possible to receive intelligible signals from UNDAMPED wave stations across the Atlantic, on a simple contact between a fragment of galena and a fine wire...", backup
God information om anvendelse af dimser med negativ modstandskarakteristikker, før de blev opdaget i tunneldioder i 1957: Cristadyne: Semiconductor archaeology or tribute to unknown precursorsArkiveret 17. marts 2013 hos Wayback Machine Citat: "...In 1923, Oleg Losev [O. V. Lossev, Lossew] (1903-1942) ( See link below ) managed to make a high frequency generator using such a detector. But it was polarized. This indicates that this diode had a characteristic curve in which a negative slope was present. And this makes one think of the tunnel effect diode invented a half a century later...These layouts where part of what one called CRYSTADYNE [eller Cristadyne, Crystodyne ] systems. But in those days, the technical performance and industrial ease of the new increasing valve technology made these layouts to be ignored, and then forgotten..."
beatriceco.com: Bell Labs – The Transistor – Other Claims to the InventionArkiveret 21. december 2013 hos Wayback Machine Citat: "...This effect, he stated, was discovered by Dr W. H. Eccles in 1910, and remarked: “It is hard to realize that it took about ten years for practical active crystal-diode circuits to appear, in spite of Ditcham's reminder—circuits that included both RF and AF amplification...Most of the credit for creating practical devices [of this kind] goes to O. V. Lossev of Russia, whether or not he knew of Eccles' pioneer work a decade earlier..."
