"QAŠQĀʾI TRIBAL CONFEDERACY i. HISTORY". "Like most present-day tribal confederacies in Persia, the Il-e Qašqāʾi is a conglomeration of clans of Turkic ethnic origins. But most of the Qašqāʾi are of Turkic origin, and almost all of them speak a Western Ghuz Turkic dialect which they call Turki." In: Encyclopaedia Iranica. Hentet 13. maj 2015.
