3M Forms Renewable Energy Division. In: Environment Energy Leader. 3. Februar 2009, abgerufen am 3. April 2023 (englisch): „3M has formed a renewable energy division which aims to help maximize the company’s technologies, products and responsiveness to the fast-changing renewable energy industry, according to a company statement.“
epa.gov
cumulis.epa.gov
Superfund Site: OAKDALE DUMP OAKDALE, MN. In: EPA. Abgerufen am 5. April 2024 (englisch): „EPA has identified the chemical substances (i.e., hazardous substances, pollutants or contaminants) listed below as contaminants of concern (COCs) for the site. COCs are the chemical substances found at the site that EPA has determined pose an unacceptable risk to human health or the environment.“
John Holusha: Hutchinson No Longer Holds Its Nose (Memento des Originals vom 9. April 2023 im Internet Archive) In: The New York Times, 3. Februar 1991. Abgerufen am 8. Januar 2020 (amerikanisches Englisch). „Still, 3M has since 1975 operated a program it calls Pollution Prevention Pays. So far, the company said, 2,511 individual 3P programs have saved $500 million -- $426 million in the United States and $74 million overseas -- by altering processes to avoid the generation of wastes that would have had to be treated. The program has also reduced total pollution to half of what the company said it would have been, given the company's growth and considering production increases. At first, the 3P program was based on initiatives at the plant level. Then, in 1989, it was superceded by a more structured plan, 3P Plus. That plan calls for each of the company's 40 product-operating divisions to develop plans to minimize waste and increase recycling. A pollution prevention group monitors these efforts at the corporate level. Meeting environmental goals has become part of the criteria used in annual performance reviews for executives, reviews that determine pay increases and other benefits.“
Patrick Oster: Going 'Green' and the Bottom Line (Memento des Originals vom 19. Januar 2023 im Internet Archive) In: The Washington Post, 23. Januar 1993. Abgerufen am 8. Januar 2020 (amerikanisches Englisch). „Less waste has meant less spending to comply with pollution-control laws. But in many cases 3M actually has made money selling wastes it used to have hauled away. And, because of recycling prompted by the "3P" program, it has saved money by not having to buy as many raw materials.“
For Decades, Polluters Knew PFAS Chemicals Were Dangerous But Hid Risks From Public. In: Environmental Working Group. 28. August 2019, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 4. Februar 2024; abgerufen am 4. April 2024 (englisch): „As far back as 1950, studies conducted by 3M showed that PFAS chemicals could build up in our blood. By the 1960s, animal studies conducted by 3M and DuPont revealed that PFAS chemicals posed health risks. By the mid-1970s, 3M knew that PFAS was building up in Americans’ blood. In the 1980s, both 3M and DuPont linked PFAS to cancer and found elevated cancer rates among their own workers.“
Aziz Ullah: The Fluorochemical Dilemma: What the PFOS/PFOA Fuss Is All About. (PDF) In: Cleaning & Restoration. Oktober 2006, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 25. März 2009; abgerufen am 25. Oktober 2008 (englisch): „In 1999, the EPA began an investigation after receiving data on PFOS indicating that it was persistent and unexpectedly toxic, and bioaccumulative [likely to accumulate in the tissues of living organisms]. The data also showed that PFOS had been found in very low concentrations in the blood of the general population and in wildlife around the world.“
Perfluorochemicals and the 3M Cottage Grove Facility. In: https://www.health.state.mn.us/. 15. Dezember 2011, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 29. April 2012; abgerufen am 29. März 2012 (englisch): „The 3M Company produced perfluorochemicals (PFCs) at its Cottage Grove facility from the late 1940's until 2002. [...] For a time, wastes from the production process were disposed on site in a specially prepared pit; there may be other disposal sites as well. The water treatment plant on site that processed water from production activities did not remove PFCs, so PFCs were in the waste water that went into the Mississippi River. Some sludge left over from the water treatment process also contained PFCs and was disposed on site. On the west side of the site, firefighting foams containing PFCs were used in training exercises. PFCs may also have been released into the air.“
'PFOS-PFOA Information: What is 3M Doing?' In: 3M. Archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 22. September 2008; abgerufen am 25. Oktober 2008 (englisch): „In May 2000, 3M decided to phase out its production of PFOA, PFOS and PFOS-related products. 3M made the decision after research indicated that PFOS was found widely dispersed in wildlife around the world and it also had been detected at low levels in people. Based on this information, 3M wanted to develop alternative chemistries that did not accumulate in people or wildlife. This is consistent with the company’s long-standing history of innovation and its commitment to sustainability and environmental responsibility.“
Welche PFAS wurden bislang reguliert? Archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 3. April 2024; abgerufen am 3. April 2024: „Seit dem 25. Februar 2023 sind zudem das Inverkehrbringen, die Herstellung und die Verwendung von perfluorierten Carbonsäuren mit neun bis vierzehn Kohlenstoffatomen (PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA, PFDoDA, PFTrDA, PFTeDA) reguliert.“
California sues 3M, DuPont over toxic 'forever chemicals' (Memento des Originals vom 30. September 2023 im Internet Archive), Reuters, 10. November 2022. Abgerufen am 3. April 2024 (amerikanisches Englisch). „Attorney General Rob Bonta said the lawsuit followed a multiyear probe that found the companies marketed products containing polyfluoroalkyl and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) for decades despite knowing they cause cancer, developmental defects and other health problems. Bonta said the lawsuit could ultimately seek hundreds of millions of dollars in penalties and costs.“
Daniela Gschweng: 3M kündigt Ausstieg aus der PFAS-Produktion an (Memento des Originals vom 4. Oktober 2023 im Internet Archive), Infosperber, 3. Januar 2023. Abgerufen am 3. April 2024 „Bis 2025 will das Unternehmen die Produktion der umstrittenen Chemikalien vollständig einstellen. Endgültiger Auslöser war wohl eine Klage der Staatsanwaltschaft von Kalifornien gegen mehrere Unternehmen, die PFAS fertigen oder nutzen, darunter DuPont und 3M. Der juristische Druck durch weltweit strengere Umweltregulierungen wirkt.“
Ewigkeits-Chemikalien PFAS: Wo sie stecken, warum sie problematisch sind. 3. Januar 2023, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 4. Oktober 2023; abgerufen am 3. April 2024: „Verminderte Wirkungen von Impfungen und verringerte Fruchtbarkeit, höhere Cholesterinwerte, höheres Diabetesrisiko, erhöhte Krebsgefahr: All das kann durch PFAS ausgelöst werden.“
Building a more sustainable world. In: 3M. Archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 19. Februar 2024; abgerufen am 29. März 2012 (englisch): „Our corporate governance practices serve the long-term interests of our shareholders, strengthen 3M’s Board of Directors and management, and further enhance public trust in 3M.“
PROFILES IN LEADERSHIP 2014 ENERGY STAR® Award Winners. (PDF) In: Energy Star. März 2014, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 3. April 2024; abgerufen am 3. April 2024 (englisch): „Since 2010, 3M has improved energy efficiency by nearly 10 percent and avoided more than 855,000 metric tons of CO2 emissions.“
PROFILES IN LEADERSHIP - 2013 ENERGY STAR® Awards. (PDF) In: Energy Star. März 2013, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 14. Juni 2023; abgerufen am 3. April 2024 (englisch): „Improving global energy efficiency by 3.7 percent, saving more than $15 million in energy costs in 2012. The company has improved energy intensity by 32 percent since 2005.“
Lisa P. Jackson: PROFILES IN LEADERSHIP - 2012 ENERGY STAR® Awards. (PDF) In: Energy Star. März 2012, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 14. Juni 2023; abgerufen am 3. April 2024 (englisch): „Improving global energy efficiency by 8.9 percent, thereby saving more than $43 million in energy costs. The company has reduced its energy intensity by 30 percent since 2005.“
PROFILES IN LEADERSHIP - 2011 ENERGY STAR® Awards. (PDF) In: Energy Star. März 2011, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 14. Juni 2023; abgerufen am 3. April 2024 (englisch): „Improving global energy efficiency by 4.5 percent compared to 2009, saving more than $18 million in energy costs. Improving energy intensity by 25 percent since 2005.“
PROFILES IN LEADERSHIP - 2010 ENERGY STAR® Awards. (PDF) In: Energy Star. März 2010, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 14. Juni 2023; abgerufen am 3. April 2024 (englisch): „Reducing energy use by 13.5 percent on an absolute basis compared to the previous year, which is equivalent to powering two of 3M’s largest plants or 15,500 homes for a year.“
PROFILES IN LEADERSHIP - 2009 ENERGY STAR® Awards. (PDF) In: Energy Star. März 2009, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 14. Juni 2023; abgerufen am 3. April 2024 (englisch): „Improving energy efficiency by 5.6 percent in 2008, saving $12.6 million last year and more than $100 million since 1990.“
PROFILES IN LEADERSHIP - 2008 ENERGY STAR® Awards. (PDF) In: Energy Star. März 2008, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 14. Juni 2023; abgerufen am 3. April 2024 (englisch): „Achieving a worldwide reduction in the company’s total greenhouse gas emissions of 54 percent from a 1990 base year and working to achieve its aggressive greenhouse gas emissions reduction goal established under EPA’s Climate Leaders program.“
2007 ENERGY STAR® AWARDS. (PDF) In: Energy Star. März 2007, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 14. Juni 2023; abgerufen am 3. April 2024 (englisch): „In 2006 alone, 3M implemented more than 200 energy projects worldwide, yielding improvements in energy efficiency of 9 percent and saving more than $10 million.“
2006 ENERGY STAR® Awards Ceremony. (PDF) In: Energy Star. März 2006, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 14. Juni 2023; abgerufen am 3. April 2024 (englisch): „3M’s dedication to company-wide involvement in energy management yielded a 9-percent improvement in the energy efficiency of its facilities worldwide from 2004 levels. Continuous improvement over the past 5 years has enabled 3M to reduce energy intensity by almost 34 percent and save more than $82 million, surpassing the company’s energy reduction targets.“
2005 ENERGY STAR® Awards Ceremony. (PDF) In: Energy Star. März 2005, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 14. Juni 2023; abgerufen am 3. April 2024 (englisch): „In 2004, 3M further improved upon its strategic energy management program by systematically identifying the actions necessary to close gaps between goals and current performance. The effort paid off with a savings of $9.2 million in 2004 alone.“
2004 ENERGY STAR® Awards Ceremony. (PDF) In: Energy Star. März 2004, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 14. Juni 2023; abgerufen am 3. April 2024 (englisch): „In 2004, 3M further improved upon its strategic energy management program by systematically identifying the actions necessary to close gaps between goals and current performance. The effort paid off with a savings of $9.2 million in 2004 alone.“
PFAS Exposure and Risk of Cancer. 2023, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 27. März 2024; abgerufen am 3. April 2024 (englisch): „Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), the most well-studied PFAS, was first classified in 2014 as a possible human carcinogen, and in 2023, the working group upgraded PFOA to a human carcinogen.“
Minnesota sues 3M over pollution claims (Memento des Originals vom 20. Januar 2023 im Internet Archive) In: Reuters, 30. Dezember 2010. Abgerufen am 3. April 2024 (amerikanisches Englisch). „In a report earlier this year, the health department noted that a recent study of 3M employees by the company suggested a positive association between exposure to some PFCs and prostate cancer, cerebrovascular disease and diabetes.“
Carrie Fellner: Toxic Secrets: Professor 'bragged about burying bad science' on 3M chemicals (Memento des Originals vom 29. März 2024 im Internet Archive) In: Sydney Morning Herald, 16. Juni 2018. Abgerufen am 25. Juni 2018 (amerikanisches Englisch). „But Fairfax Media can now reveal that Professor Giesy was accused of covertly doing 3M’s bidding in a widespread international campaign to suppress academic research on the dangers of PFAS. A trove of internal company documents has been made public for the first time following a $US850 million ($1.15 billion) legal settlement between the company and Minnesota Attorney-General Lori Swanson. ... The documents have allowed the state to chronicle how 3M, over decades, allegedly misled the scientific community about the presence of its chemicals in the public’s blood, undermined studies linking the chemicals with cancer and scrambled to selectively fund research to be used as a “defensive barrier to litigation”. ... DuPont, which used PFAS chemicals in the manufacture of Teflon, reached a $US670 million settlement with residents living near its manufacturing plant in Ohio, West Virginia, last year, after an expert health panel conducted a large-scale epidemiological investigation. It concluded that residents’ drinking water, tainted with one of the chemicals called PFOA, had a “probable link” to six health conditions, including kidney and testicular cancer.“
Carrie Fellner: Toxic Secrets: The town that 3M built – where kids are dying of cancer (Memento des Originals vom 3. April 2024 im Internet Archive) In: Sydney Morning Herald, 5. Juni 2018. Abgerufen am 25. Juni 2018 (amerikanisches Englisch). „A Fairfax Media investigation in Minnesota has uncovered a further 16 cancer survivors who have attended Tartan Senior High School since 2002, all diagnosed during their primary, middle or high school years, or within 10 years of graduating. ... Now Fairfax Media can reveal that at least 90 sites across Australia, including 25 in NSW with 10 in Sydney, 16 in Victoria and 15 in Queensland, are under investigation for elevated levels of the contaminants, linked to a slew of health effects including suppression of the immune system, reproductive effects, interference with hormones and some forms of cancer. The sites stretch from Bundaberg to Wangaratta, from Karratha to Botany Bay.“
Elizabeth Dunbar, Kirsti Marohn: Minnesota settles water pollution suit against 3M for $850 million (Memento des Originals vom 10. April 2023 im Internet Archive) In: MPR News, 20. Februar 2018 (amerikanisches Englisch). „Minnesota Attorney General Lori Swanson on Tuesday announced an $850 million settlement in the state's lawsuit against 3M over water contamination by perfluorochemicals, or PFCs, in several east Twin Cities suburbs.“
3M Agrees to EPA Order to Sample and Provide Treatment for PFAS Contamination in Drinking Water near Cordova, IL Facility. In: EPA. 3. November 2022, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 19. Januar 2024; abgerufen am 4. April 2024 (englisch): „“I have directed EPA staff to use every enforcement tool at our disposal to require manufacturers of PFAS to address potential endangerment to the public and to compel them to characterize, control, and clean up ongoing and past PFAS contamination,” said EPA Administrator Michael S. Regan. “Communities have suffered far too long from exposure to these chemicals. This settlement is a critical step forward in our work to protect communities from pollution and hold polluters accountable for their actions.”“
New guidelines to mitigate health risks for people living near Antwerp factory (Memento des Originals vom 8. April 2023 im Internet Archive) In: The Brussels Times, 15. Juni 2021 (englisch). „Based on a risk analysis, the Flemish government’s health department recommends the following for anyone living within a radius of 1.5k km from the 3M site: Children under 12, immunocompromised people, pregnant women, breastfeeding women or women who wish to become pregnant are advised not to consume home grown vegetables. The rest of the population is advised to consume home-grown vegetables in moderation and to keep a good mix with vegetables that have been bought from a store, while always washing vegetables well before consumption. Consumption of home grown small livestock is not recommended. Do not use groundwater as drinking water. Do not use groundwater from shallow wells to irrigate a vegetable garden or to fill up a swimming pool. Do not use compost made of material from your own garden. Practice good hygiene, both personal and in terms of keeping indoor areas clean. Avoid letting loose soil spread as much as possible. Do not consume home-produced eggs“
3M Agrees PFAS Clean-up with Flemish Government. In: chemanager-online.com. 22. Juli 2022, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 4. April 2024; abgerufen am 4. April 2024 (englisch): „US conglomerate 3M has agreed with the Flemish government to spend more than €571 million on cleaning up PFAS-contamination at its site in Belgium. The Flemish government had ordered 3M to halt PFAS production at Zwijndrecht last October because of contamination levels.“
Andreas Kockartz: 3M in Zwijndrecht beschleunigt den Abbau der Produktion von PFAS-haltigen Produktionsprozessen. In: VRT News. 11. Januar 2024, archiviert vom Original am 5. April 2024; abgerufen am 5. April 2024: „Der US-amerikanische Chemiekonzern 3M will an seinem Standort Zwijndrecht bei Antwerpen schneller aus den Produktionsprozessen aussteigen, in denen der umstrittene Stoff PFAS vorkommt. Dies teilte der Konzern in einem Schreiben an Flanderns Landesumweltministerin Zuhal Demir (N-VA) mit.“
state.mn.us
health.state.mn.us
Perfluorochemicals and the 3M Cottage Grove Facility. In: https://www.health.state.mn.us/. 15. Dezember 2011, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 29. April 2012; abgerufen am 29. März 2012 (englisch): „The 3M Company produced perfluorochemicals (PFCs) at its Cottage Grove facility from the late 1940's until 2002. [...] For a time, wastes from the production process were disposed on site in a specially prepared pit; there may be other disposal sites as well. The water treatment plant on site that processed water from production activities did not remove PFCs, so PFCs were in the waste water that went into the Mississippi River. Some sludge left over from the water treatment process also contained PFCs and was disposed on site. On the west side of the site, firefighting foams containing PFCs were used in training exercises. PFCs may also have been released into the air.“
theguardian.com
Emily Holden: Unternehmen lehnen Verantwortung für toxische 'ewige Chemikalien'-Kontamination ab In: The Guardian, 11. September 2019. Abgerufen am 10. Oktober 2019 (amerikanisches Englisch). „Denise Rutherford, senior vice-president of corporate affairs for 3M, argued the chemicals pose no human health threats at current levels and have no victims, conflicting with a large body of research and 3M’s own internal documents. The company’s records – made public in lawsuits in West Virginia and Minnesota – underscore decades-long knowledge of the risk associated with the chemicals and an effort to avoid disclosing those dangers to the public.“
vrt.be
Dennis van den Buijs: Schepen leefmilieu Zwijndrecht: "Verbod op het eten van eieren van eigen kippen staat zo goed als vast". In: VRT. Abgerufen am 10. Juni 2021 (niederländisch): „Der Verzehr von Eiern von eigenen Hühnern wird in Zwijndrecht so gut wie sicher verboten. Das sagte der Beigeordnete für Umwelt Steven Vervaet (Groen) im Radio 2 Antwerpen. Die Ursache ist die festgestellte PFOS-Belastung in Zwijndrecht. "Die Berichte der Universität Antwerpen sprechen von einem Umkreis von 15 Kilometern", so Vervaet.“
web.archive.org
John Holusha: Hutchinson No Longer Holds Its Nose (Memento des Originals vom 9. April 2023 im Internet Archive) In: The New York Times, 3. Februar 1991. Abgerufen am 8. Januar 2020 (amerikanisches Englisch). „Still, 3M has since 1975 operated a program it calls Pollution Prevention Pays. So far, the company said, 2,511 individual 3P programs have saved $500 million -- $426 million in the United States and $74 million overseas -- by altering processes to avoid the generation of wastes that would have had to be treated. The program has also reduced total pollution to half of what the company said it would have been, given the company's growth and considering production increases. At first, the 3P program was based on initiatives at the plant level. Then, in 1989, it was superceded by a more structured plan, 3P Plus. That plan calls for each of the company's 40 product-operating divisions to develop plans to minimize waste and increase recycling. A pollution prevention group monitors these efforts at the corporate level. Meeting environmental goals has become part of the criteria used in annual performance reviews for executives, reviews that determine pay increases and other benefits.“
Patrick Oster: Going 'Green' and the Bottom Line (Memento des Originals vom 19. Januar 2023 im Internet Archive) In: The Washington Post, 23. Januar 1993. Abgerufen am 8. Januar 2020 (amerikanisches Englisch). „Less waste has meant less spending to comply with pollution-control laws. But in many cases 3M actually has made money selling wastes it used to have hauled away. And, because of recycling prompted by the "3P" program, it has saved money by not having to buy as many raw materials.“
For Decades, Polluters Knew PFAS Chemicals Were Dangerous But Hid Risks From Public. In: Environmental Working Group. 28. August 2019, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 4. Februar 2024; abgerufen am 4. April 2024 (englisch): „As far back as 1950, studies conducted by 3M showed that PFAS chemicals could build up in our blood. By the 1960s, animal studies conducted by 3M and DuPont revealed that PFAS chemicals posed health risks. By the mid-1970s, 3M knew that PFAS was building up in Americans’ blood. In the 1980s, both 3M and DuPont linked PFAS to cancer and found elevated cancer rates among their own workers.“
Aziz Ullah: The Fluorochemical Dilemma: What the PFOS/PFOA Fuss Is All About. (PDF) In: Cleaning & Restoration. Oktober 2006, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 25. März 2009; abgerufen am 25. Oktober 2008 (englisch): „In 1999, the EPA began an investigation after receiving data on PFOS indicating that it was persistent and unexpectedly toxic, and bioaccumulative [likely to accumulate in the tissues of living organisms]. The data also showed that PFOS had been found in very low concentrations in the blood of the general population and in wildlife around the world.“
Perfluorochemicals and the 3M Cottage Grove Facility. In: https://www.health.state.mn.us/. 15. Dezember 2011, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 29. April 2012; abgerufen am 29. März 2012 (englisch): „The 3M Company produced perfluorochemicals (PFCs) at its Cottage Grove facility from the late 1940's until 2002. [...] For a time, wastes from the production process were disposed on site in a specially prepared pit; there may be other disposal sites as well. The water treatment plant on site that processed water from production activities did not remove PFCs, so PFCs were in the waste water that went into the Mississippi River. Some sludge left over from the water treatment process also contained PFCs and was disposed on site. On the west side of the site, firefighting foams containing PFCs were used in training exercises. PFCs may also have been released into the air.“
'PFOS-PFOA Information: What is 3M Doing?' In: 3M. Archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 22. September 2008; abgerufen am 25. Oktober 2008 (englisch): „In May 2000, 3M decided to phase out its production of PFOA, PFOS and PFOS-related products. 3M made the decision after research indicated that PFOS was found widely dispersed in wildlife around the world and it also had been detected at low levels in people. Based on this information, 3M wanted to develop alternative chemistries that did not accumulate in people or wildlife. This is consistent with the company’s long-standing history of innovation and its commitment to sustainability and environmental responsibility.“
Welche PFAS wurden bislang reguliert? Archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 3. April 2024; abgerufen am 3. April 2024: „Seit dem 25. Februar 2023 sind zudem das Inverkehrbringen, die Herstellung und die Verwendung von perfluorierten Carbonsäuren mit neun bis vierzehn Kohlenstoffatomen (PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA, PFDoDA, PFTrDA, PFTeDA) reguliert.“
California sues 3M, DuPont over toxic 'forever chemicals' (Memento des Originals vom 30. September 2023 im Internet Archive), Reuters, 10. November 2022. Abgerufen am 3. April 2024 (amerikanisches Englisch). „Attorney General Rob Bonta said the lawsuit followed a multiyear probe that found the companies marketed products containing polyfluoroalkyl and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) for decades despite knowing they cause cancer, developmental defects and other health problems. Bonta said the lawsuit could ultimately seek hundreds of millions of dollars in penalties and costs.“
Daniela Gschweng: 3M kündigt Ausstieg aus der PFAS-Produktion an (Memento des Originals vom 4. Oktober 2023 im Internet Archive), Infosperber, 3. Januar 2023. Abgerufen am 3. April 2024 „Bis 2025 will das Unternehmen die Produktion der umstrittenen Chemikalien vollständig einstellen. Endgültiger Auslöser war wohl eine Klage der Staatsanwaltschaft von Kalifornien gegen mehrere Unternehmen, die PFAS fertigen oder nutzen, darunter DuPont und 3M. Der juristische Druck durch weltweit strengere Umweltregulierungen wirkt.“
Ewigkeits-Chemikalien PFAS: Wo sie stecken, warum sie problematisch sind. 3. Januar 2023, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 4. Oktober 2023; abgerufen am 3. April 2024: „Verminderte Wirkungen von Impfungen und verringerte Fruchtbarkeit, höhere Cholesterinwerte, höheres Diabetesrisiko, erhöhte Krebsgefahr: All das kann durch PFAS ausgelöst werden.“
Building a more sustainable world. In: 3M. Archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 19. Februar 2024; abgerufen am 29. März 2012 (englisch): „Our corporate governance practices serve the long-term interests of our shareholders, strengthen 3M’s Board of Directors and management, and further enhance public trust in 3M.“
PROFILES IN LEADERSHIP 2014 ENERGY STAR® Award Winners. (PDF) In: Energy Star. März 2014, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 3. April 2024; abgerufen am 3. April 2024 (englisch): „Since 2010, 3M has improved energy efficiency by nearly 10 percent and avoided more than 855,000 metric tons of CO2 emissions.“
PROFILES IN LEADERSHIP - 2013 ENERGY STAR® Awards. (PDF) In: Energy Star. März 2013, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 14. Juni 2023; abgerufen am 3. April 2024 (englisch): „Improving global energy efficiency by 3.7 percent, saving more than $15 million in energy costs in 2012. The company has improved energy intensity by 32 percent since 2005.“
Lisa P. Jackson: PROFILES IN LEADERSHIP - 2012 ENERGY STAR® Awards. (PDF) In: Energy Star. März 2012, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 14. Juni 2023; abgerufen am 3. April 2024 (englisch): „Improving global energy efficiency by 8.9 percent, thereby saving more than $43 million in energy costs. The company has reduced its energy intensity by 30 percent since 2005.“
PROFILES IN LEADERSHIP - 2011 ENERGY STAR® Awards. (PDF) In: Energy Star. März 2011, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 14. Juni 2023; abgerufen am 3. April 2024 (englisch): „Improving global energy efficiency by 4.5 percent compared to 2009, saving more than $18 million in energy costs. Improving energy intensity by 25 percent since 2005.“
PROFILES IN LEADERSHIP - 2010 ENERGY STAR® Awards. (PDF) In: Energy Star. März 2010, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 14. Juni 2023; abgerufen am 3. April 2024 (englisch): „Reducing energy use by 13.5 percent on an absolute basis compared to the previous year, which is equivalent to powering two of 3M’s largest plants or 15,500 homes for a year.“
PROFILES IN LEADERSHIP - 2009 ENERGY STAR® Awards. (PDF) In: Energy Star. März 2009, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 14. Juni 2023; abgerufen am 3. April 2024 (englisch): „Improving energy efficiency by 5.6 percent in 2008, saving $12.6 million last year and more than $100 million since 1990.“
PROFILES IN LEADERSHIP - 2008 ENERGY STAR® Awards. (PDF) In: Energy Star. März 2008, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 14. Juni 2023; abgerufen am 3. April 2024 (englisch): „Achieving a worldwide reduction in the company’s total greenhouse gas emissions of 54 percent from a 1990 base year and working to achieve its aggressive greenhouse gas emissions reduction goal established under EPA’s Climate Leaders program.“
2007 ENERGY STAR® AWARDS. (PDF) In: Energy Star. März 2007, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 14. Juni 2023; abgerufen am 3. April 2024 (englisch): „In 2006 alone, 3M implemented more than 200 energy projects worldwide, yielding improvements in energy efficiency of 9 percent and saving more than $10 million.“
2006 ENERGY STAR® Awards Ceremony. (PDF) In: Energy Star. März 2006, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 14. Juni 2023; abgerufen am 3. April 2024 (englisch): „3M’s dedication to company-wide involvement in energy management yielded a 9-percent improvement in the energy efficiency of its facilities worldwide from 2004 levels. Continuous improvement over the past 5 years has enabled 3M to reduce energy intensity by almost 34 percent and save more than $82 million, surpassing the company’s energy reduction targets.“
2005 ENERGY STAR® Awards Ceremony. (PDF) In: Energy Star. März 2005, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 14. Juni 2023; abgerufen am 3. April 2024 (englisch): „In 2004, 3M further improved upon its strategic energy management program by systematically identifying the actions necessary to close gaps between goals and current performance. The effort paid off with a savings of $9.2 million in 2004 alone.“
2004 ENERGY STAR® Awards Ceremony. (PDF) In: Energy Star. März 2004, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 14. Juni 2023; abgerufen am 3. April 2024 (englisch): „In 2004, 3M further improved upon its strategic energy management program by systematically identifying the actions necessary to close gaps between goals and current performance. The effort paid off with a savings of $9.2 million in 2004 alone.“
PFAS Exposure and Risk of Cancer. 2023, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 27. März 2024; abgerufen am 3. April 2024 (englisch): „Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), the most well-studied PFAS, was first classified in 2014 as a possible human carcinogen, and in 2023, the working group upgraded PFOA to a human carcinogen.“
Minnesota sues 3M over pollution claims (Memento des Originals vom 20. Januar 2023 im Internet Archive) In: Reuters, 30. Dezember 2010. Abgerufen am 3. April 2024 (amerikanisches Englisch). „In a report earlier this year, the health department noted that a recent study of 3M employees by the company suggested a positive association between exposure to some PFCs and prostate cancer, cerebrovascular disease and diabetes.“
Carrie Fellner: Toxic Secrets: Professor 'bragged about burying bad science' on 3M chemicals (Memento des Originals vom 29. März 2024 im Internet Archive) In: Sydney Morning Herald, 16. Juni 2018. Abgerufen am 25. Juni 2018 (amerikanisches Englisch). „But Fairfax Media can now reveal that Professor Giesy was accused of covertly doing 3M’s bidding in a widespread international campaign to suppress academic research on the dangers of PFAS. A trove of internal company documents has been made public for the first time following a $US850 million ($1.15 billion) legal settlement between the company and Minnesota Attorney-General Lori Swanson. ... The documents have allowed the state to chronicle how 3M, over decades, allegedly misled the scientific community about the presence of its chemicals in the public’s blood, undermined studies linking the chemicals with cancer and scrambled to selectively fund research to be used as a “defensive barrier to litigation”. ... DuPont, which used PFAS chemicals in the manufacture of Teflon, reached a $US670 million settlement with residents living near its manufacturing plant in Ohio, West Virginia, last year, after an expert health panel conducted a large-scale epidemiological investigation. It concluded that residents’ drinking water, tainted with one of the chemicals called PFOA, had a “probable link” to six health conditions, including kidney and testicular cancer.“
Carrie Fellner: Toxic Secrets: The town that 3M built – where kids are dying of cancer (Memento des Originals vom 3. April 2024 im Internet Archive) In: Sydney Morning Herald, 5. Juni 2018. Abgerufen am 25. Juni 2018 (amerikanisches Englisch). „A Fairfax Media investigation in Minnesota has uncovered a further 16 cancer survivors who have attended Tartan Senior High School since 2002, all diagnosed during their primary, middle or high school years, or within 10 years of graduating. ... Now Fairfax Media can reveal that at least 90 sites across Australia, including 25 in NSW with 10 in Sydney, 16 in Victoria and 15 in Queensland, are under investigation for elevated levels of the contaminants, linked to a slew of health effects including suppression of the immune system, reproductive effects, interference with hormones and some forms of cancer. The sites stretch from Bundaberg to Wangaratta, from Karratha to Botany Bay.“
Elizabeth Dunbar, Kirsti Marohn: Minnesota settles water pollution suit against 3M for $850 million (Memento des Originals vom 10. April 2023 im Internet Archive) In: MPR News, 20. Februar 2018 (amerikanisches Englisch). „Minnesota Attorney General Lori Swanson on Tuesday announced an $850 million settlement in the state's lawsuit against 3M over water contamination by perfluorochemicals, or PFCs, in several east Twin Cities suburbs.“
3M Agrees to EPA Order to Sample and Provide Treatment for PFAS Contamination in Drinking Water near Cordova, IL Facility. In: EPA. 3. November 2022, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 19. Januar 2024; abgerufen am 4. April 2024 (englisch): „“I have directed EPA staff to use every enforcement tool at our disposal to require manufacturers of PFAS to address potential endangerment to the public and to compel them to characterize, control, and clean up ongoing and past PFAS contamination,” said EPA Administrator Michael S. Regan. “Communities have suffered far too long from exposure to these chemicals. This settlement is a critical step forward in our work to protect communities from pollution and hold polluters accountable for their actions.”“
New guidelines to mitigate health risks for people living near Antwerp factory (Memento des Originals vom 8. April 2023 im Internet Archive) In: The Brussels Times, 15. Juni 2021 (englisch). „Based on a risk analysis, the Flemish government’s health department recommends the following for anyone living within a radius of 1.5k km from the 3M site: Children under 12, immunocompromised people, pregnant women, breastfeeding women or women who wish to become pregnant are advised not to consume home grown vegetables. The rest of the population is advised to consume home-grown vegetables in moderation and to keep a good mix with vegetables that have been bought from a store, while always washing vegetables well before consumption. Consumption of home grown small livestock is not recommended. Do not use groundwater as drinking water. Do not use groundwater from shallow wells to irrigate a vegetable garden or to fill up a swimming pool. Do not use compost made of material from your own garden. Practice good hygiene, both personal and in terms of keeping indoor areas clean. Avoid letting loose soil spread as much as possible. Do not consume home-produced eggs“
3M Agrees PFAS Clean-up with Flemish Government. In: chemanager-online.com. 22. Juli 2022, archiviert vom Original (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am 4. April 2024; abgerufen am 4. April 2024 (englisch): „US conglomerate 3M has agreed with the Flemish government to spend more than €571 million on cleaning up PFAS-contamination at its site in Belgium. The Flemish government had ordered 3M to halt PFAS production at Zwijndrecht last October because of contamination levels.“
Andreas Kockartz: 3M in Zwijndrecht beschleunigt den Abbau der Produktion von PFAS-haltigen Produktionsprozessen. In: VRT News. 11. Januar 2024, archiviert vom Original am 5. April 2024; abgerufen am 5. April 2024: „Der US-amerikanische Chemiekonzern 3M will an seinem Standort Zwijndrecht bei Antwerpen schneller aus den Produktionsprozessen aussteigen, in denen der umstrittene Stoff PFAS vorkommt. Dies teilte der Konzern in einem Schreiben an Flanderns Landesumweltministerin Zuhal Demir (N-VA) mit.“
