Arnold Reisman: Turkey the Safe Haven. „Among those first fired from their jobs by the Nazis in 1933 was Hungarian-born Frankfurt pathologist, Dr. Philipp Schwartz. Schwartz quickly fled with his family to Switzerland where his His father-in-law, professor S. Tschulok, had taken refuge after the 1905 Russian Revolution. Tschulok was a good friend of Albert Malche, professor of pedagogy who had prepared the report on the Turkish educational reform in 1932. It seems Albert Malche saw the double opportunity and approached Schwartz. In March 1933, Schwartz established the Notgemeinschaft Deutscher Wissenschaftler im Ausland, The Emergency Assistance Organization for German Scientists, to help Jewish and other persecuted German scholars secure employment in countries prepared to receive such refugees.“
