Edward B. Tylor: Primitive Culture. John Murray, London 1871, deutsche Übersetzung: Die Anfänge der Cultur : Untersuchungen über die Entwicklung der Mythologie, Philosophie, Religion, Kunst und Sitte. Leipzig 1873 – Digitalisat I, II
Nurit Bird-David: Animism" revisited: personhood, environment, and relational epistemology. Current Anthropology, (1999) 40 (S1): S. S67–S91. doi:10.1086/200061, auf journals.uchicago.edu [1]
Nurit Bird-David: The giving environment: another perspective on the economic system of gatherer-hunters. Current Anthropology, (1990) 31 (2): S. 189–196. doi:10.1086/203825
Jenny Nerlich: Animismus. Neue Betrachtungen eines evolutionistischen Begriffes. Zeitschrift für junge Religionswissenschaft, 15 (2020), doi:10.4000/zjr.1443, auf journals.openedition.org [4]
encyclopedia.com
https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/preanimism ; visum: 17.7.2021; "There may, however, remain an area of religion within which supernatural (or at least uncontrollable) power is sensed, while remaining inchoate and unconnected with any firm notion of deity. This need not be a stage out of which more precise notions emerge. It is just as likely to be found at the end of a long process of decline, and thus to be as much posttheist as preanimist. There is no word that can be used as a technical term to describe this. Preanimism clearly will not do, because of the implicit sequence involved. Some use might however still be found for the term mana in this connection. In 1907 Marett wrote that "the last word about mana has not been said" (p. 219). By 1965, mana had almost been dismissed from the technical vocabulary of the study of religion. It may be high time for its reexamination."
monoskop.org
Eduardo Viveiros de Castro: Cosmological Perspectivism in Amazonia and Elsewhere. Hau Masterclass Series vol. 1, 2012, ISSN 2049-4769, auf monoskop.org [5]
nih.gov
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
"Results indicate that the oldest trait of religion, present in the most recent common ancestor of present-day hunter-gatherers, was animism, in agreement with long-standing beliefs about the fundamental role of this trait. Belief in an afterlife emerged, followed by shamanism and ancestor worship. Ancestor spirits or high gods who are active in human affairs were absent in early humans, suggesting a deep history for the egalitarian nature of hunter-gatherer societies. (...)
In this study we used a suite of phylogenetic comparative methods to investigate the early evolution of religion. We reconstructed ancestral states for seven characters describing religious beliefs and behaviors in a global sample of 33 hunter-gatherer societies and tested for correlated evolution between these characters and for the direction of cultural change.
Our results indicate that the oldest trait of religion, shared by the most recent common ancestor of present-day hunter-gatherers, was animism. This supports long-standing beliefs about the antiquity and fundamental role of this component of human mentality, which enables people to attribute intent and lifelike qualities to inanimate objects and would have prompted belief in beings or forces in an unseen realm of spirits." Hervey C. Peoples, Pavel Duda, Frank W. Marlowe: Hunter-Gatherers and the Origins of Religion. In: Human Nature, N.Y., Hawthorne, 2016; 27; S. 261–282. s. PMC 4958132 (freier Volltext).
ntmofa.gov.tw
2022taiwanbiennial.ntmofa.gov.tw
Graham Harvey: Animism and Ecology: Participating in the World Community. The Ecological Citizen, (2019) 3: 79–84, auf 2022taiwanbiennial.ntmofa.gov.tw [3]
openedition.org
journals.openedition.org
Jenny Nerlich: Animismus. Neue Betrachtungen eines evolutionistischen Begriffes. Zeitschrift für junge Religionswissenschaft, 15 (2020), doi:10.4000/zjr.1443, auf journals.openedition.org [4]
philomag.de
Theresa Schouwink: Vom Animismus lernen. Philosophie Magazin, 17. März 2022, auf philomag.de [6]
uchicago.edu
journals.uchicago.edu
Nurit Bird-David: Animism" revisited: personhood, environment, and relational epistemology. Current Anthropology, (1999) 40 (S1): S. S67–S91. doi:10.1086/200061, auf journals.uchicago.edu [1]
uni-freiburg.de
freidok.uni-freiburg.de
Patrick Spät: Panpsychismus: ein Lösungsvorschlag zum Leib-Seele-Problem. Dissertation, FreiDok der Universität Freiburg, Freiburg 2010, PDF, abgerufen am 17. Juni 2023. S. 2–3.
uni-marburg.de
archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de
Thomas Diekwisch: Biologische Beiträge zum Leib-Seele-Problem. Dissertation an der Philipps-Universität Marburg, Bielefeld 2004, PDF abgerufen am 18. Februar 2024, S. 258.
unibe.ch
ikaoe.unibe.ch
Samuel R. Nüesch: Die Leib-Seele Debatte: Eine Übersicht der wichtigsten Positionen. In: Arbeitspapiere aus der IKAÖ, Nr. 1, September 2008, Universität Bern, PDF abgerufen am 18. Februar 2024, S. 19.
