Covid-19 – coronavirus. 1177 Vårdguiden, 13. März 2020, abgerufen am 15. März 2020 (schwedisch). |zitat=När och var ska jag söka vård? De allra flesta som blir sjuka behöver inte söka vård eftersom besvären brukar gå över av sig själv. (187 neuen Fällen am 12. März und 127 am Tag danach)
Torben M. Andersen, Steinar Holden, Seppo Honkapohja: Economic consequences of the pandemic – The Nordic countries. Abgerufen am 20. März 2023 (englisch): „The Nordic countries have done well compared to other most other countries. Denmark, Finland, and Norway are among the countries having experienced the mildest health and economic consequences. The economic consequences in Sweden are at about the same level as the other Nordic countries, but so far the health consequences have been more dire.“
Arash Heydarian Pashakhanlou: Sweden's coronavirus strategy: The Public Health Agency and the sites of controversy. In: World Medical & Health Policy. Band14, Nr.3, September 2022, ISSN1948-4682, S.507–527, doi:10.1002/wmh3.449, PMID 34226854, PMC 8242624 (freier Volltext): „The investigation has revealed that PHAS' (Public Health Agency of Sweden) risk assessment regarding the general spread of coronavirus in Sweden was overly optimistic. […] Moreover, this analysis has highlighted the continuous refusal of PHAS' to change its position on facemasks or recommend their use in confined and crowded places for the general public. This was despite burgeoning evidence in favor of this protective equipment.“
Nele Brusselaers et al.: Evaluation of science advice during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden. In: Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. Band9, Nr.1, 22. März 2022, S.1–17, doi:10.1057/s41599-022-01097-5.
Kaspar Staub, Radoslaw Panczak, Katarina L Matthes, Joël Floris, Claudia Berlin, Christoph Junker, Rolf Weitkunat, Svenn-Erik Mamelund, Marcel Zwahlen, Julien Riou: Historically High Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Switzerland, Sweden, and Spain. In: Annals of Internal Medicine. Band175, Nr.4, 1. Februar 2022, ISSN0003-4819, S.523–532, doi:10.7326/M21-3824, PMID 35099995, PMC 8803137 (freier Volltext).
José Manuel Aburto, Jonas Schöley, Ilya Kashnitsky, Luyin Zhang, Charles Rahal: Quantifying impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic through life-expectancy losses: a population-level study of 29 countries. In: International Journal of Epidemiology. Band51, Nr.1, 26. September 2021, ISSN0300-5771, S.63–74, doi:10.1093/ije/dyab207, PMID 34564730, PMC 8500096 (freier Volltext).
Jonas Schöley, José Manuel Aburto, Ilya Kashnitsky, Maxi S. Kniffka, Luyin Zhang: Life expectancy changes since COVID-19. In: Nature Human Behaviour. 17. Oktober 2022, ISSN2397-3374, doi:10.1038/s41562-022-01450-3, PMID 36253520.
Richard Van Noorden: COVID death tolls: scientists acknowledge errors in WHO estimates. In: Nature. Band606, Nr.7913, 1. Juni 2022, S.242–244, doi:10.1038/d41586-022-01526-0 (englisch).
Jakob Laage-Thomsen, Søren Lund Frandsen: Pandemic preparedness systems and diverging COVID-19 responses within similar public health regimes: a comparative study of expert perceptions of pandemic response in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. In: Globalization and Health. Band18, Nr.1, Dezember 2022, ISSN1744-8603, S.3, doi:10.1186/s12992-022-00799-4, PMID 35062980, PMC 8778498 (freier Volltext): „A useful point of departure for understanding such divergence among most similar countries are the Nordic welfare states’ different responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Denmark, Norway, and Sweden engaged differently with the pandemic during its first wave despite sharing Social Democratic and Scandinavian welfare state models, health care organization, geography, corporatist traditions, levels of institutional trust, and high rankings in the GHSI (Denmark 8; Norway 16; Sweden 7)“
Erica A. Yarmol-Matusiak, Lauren E. Cipriano, Saverio Stranges: A comparison of COVID-19 epidemiological indicators in Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland. In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. Band49, Nr.1, Februar 2021, ISSN1403-4948, S.69–78, doi:10.1177/1403494820980264, PMID 33413051, PMC 7797349 (freier Volltext): „The four Nordic nations of Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland have similar demographic and economic profiles as well as comparable health care systems and public health infrastructures“
Xiaoqin Wang, Fan Yang Wallentin, Li Yin: The statistical evidence missing from the Swedish decision-making of COVID-19 strategy during the early period: A longitudinal observational analysis. In: SSM – Population Health. Band18, 1. Juni 2022, ISSN2352-8273, S.101083, doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101083, PMID 35386859, PMC 8968210 (freier Volltext): „[Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland] are similar to one another in terms of economy, culture, and society, so most of the stationary covariates, such as gender, education, and socioeconomic status, have similar distributions among these countries and thus do not confound the causal effects“
Evangelia Petridou: Politics and administration in times of crisis: Explaining the Swedish response to the COVID‐19 crisis. In: European Policy Analysis. Band6, Nr.2, Dezember 2020, ISSN2380-6567, S.147–158, doi:10.1002/epa2.1095.
Nazrul Islam, Vladimir M Shkolnikov, Rolando J Acosta, Ilya Klimkin, Ichiro Kawachi: Excess deaths associated with covid-19 pandemic in 2020: age and sex disaggregated time series analysis in 29 high income countries. In: The BMJ. Band373, 19. Mai 2021, ISSN0959-8138, S.n1137, doi:10.1136/bmj.n1137, PMID 34011491, PMC 8132017 (freier Volltext): „Our estimates show that Sweden had the highest excess deaths among the Nordic countries“
Howard D. Larkin: COVID-19 Health Policies and Economies in Nordic Countries. In: JAMA. Band328, Nr.11, 20. September 2022, ISSN0098-7484, S.1029, doi:10.1001/jama.2022.14713: “Although Sweden had chosen looser COVID-19 health policies to benefit its economy, there is no evidence that this had any short-term economic benefits, while costing disproportionate disease transmission and mortality numbers compared to neighboring countries,” the authors wrote.
Adam Sheridan, Asger Lau Andersen, Emil Toft Hansen, Niels Johannesen: Social distancing laws cause only small losses of economic activity during the COVID-19 pandemic in Scandinavia. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Band117, Nr.34, 25. August 2020, ISSN0027-8424, S.20468–20473, doi:10.1073/pnas.2010068117, PMID 32747573, PMC 7456178 (freier Volltext).
Haidong Wang, Katherine Paulson et al.: Estimating excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic analysis of COVID-19-related mortality, 2020–21. In: The Lancet. 2022, Band 399, Nummer 10334, S. 1513–1536 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02796-3.
Excess mortality – statistics. Abgerufen am 18. März 2023 (englisch): „During the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, the highest excess mortality rates in the EU were recorded in Spain (80.8 %), Belgium (73.1 %) and the Netherlands (53.8 %). Four other countries had a greater than 35.0 % increase in the number of deaths in April 2020, namely Italy (41.7 %, although the highest increase had already occurred in March at 49.6 %), Ireland (38.0 %), Sweden (35.4 %) and France (36.4 %). […] In 2022, the differences in annual excess mortality rates remained between countries. The lowest annual rates were reported in Sweden (2.0 %)“
Matthias Wyssuwa, Hamburg: Corona in Schweden: Keine Feste mehr in Uppsala. In: FAZ.NET. 21. Oktober 2020, ISSN0174-4909 (Online [abgerufen am 22. Oktober 2020]).
Matthias Wyssuwa: Corona-Krise: Schweden ist auf dem Weg in eine dunkle Zeit. In: FAZ.NET. 13. November 2020, ISSN0174-4909 (Online [abgerufen am 13. November 2020]).
Regeringen och Regeringskansliet: The Government’s work in response to the virus responsible for COVID-19. 9. März 2020, abgerufen am 1. April 2023 (englisch): „The Swedish Government has presented a range of different measures to limit the spread of the COVID-19 virus and to mitigate the economic impact of it. The government’s overarching goal is to safeguard people’s lives and health and to secure the health care capacity. The Government’s policy and decisions aim to:
• Limit the spread of infection in the country
• Ensure health care resources are available
• Limit the impact on critical services
• Alleviate the impact on people and companies
• Ease concern, for example by providing information
• Ensure that the right measures are taken at the right time.“
Getzzg: Coronavirus pandemic in the Nordic countries: Health policy and economy trade-off. In: JOGH. 8. August 2022, abgerufen am 20. März 2023 (britisches Englisch): „Although Sweden had chosen looser COVID-19 health policies to benefit its economy, there is no evidence that this had any short-term economic benefits, while costing disproportionate disease transmission and mortality numbers compared to neighbouring countries.“
Arash Heydarian Pashakhanlou: Sweden's coronavirus strategy: The Public Health Agency and the sites of controversy. In: World Medical & Health Policy. Band14, Nr.3, September 2022, ISSN1948-4682, S.507–527, doi:10.1002/wmh3.449, PMID 34226854, PMC 8242624 (freier Volltext): „The investigation has revealed that PHAS' (Public Health Agency of Sweden) risk assessment regarding the general spread of coronavirus in Sweden was overly optimistic. […] Moreover, this analysis has highlighted the continuous refusal of PHAS' to change its position on facemasks or recommend their use in confined and crowded places for the general public. This was despite burgeoning evidence in favor of this protective equipment.“
Kaspar Staub, Radoslaw Panczak, Katarina L Matthes, Joël Floris, Claudia Berlin, Christoph Junker, Rolf Weitkunat, Svenn-Erik Mamelund, Marcel Zwahlen, Julien Riou: Historically High Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Switzerland, Sweden, and Spain. In: Annals of Internal Medicine. Band175, Nr.4, 1. Februar 2022, ISSN0003-4819, S.523–532, doi:10.7326/M21-3824, PMID 35099995, PMC 8803137 (freier Volltext).
José Manuel Aburto, Jonas Schöley, Ilya Kashnitsky, Luyin Zhang, Charles Rahal: Quantifying impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic through life-expectancy losses: a population-level study of 29 countries. In: International Journal of Epidemiology. Band51, Nr.1, 26. September 2021, ISSN0300-5771, S.63–74, doi:10.1093/ije/dyab207, PMID 34564730, PMC 8500096 (freier Volltext).
Jonas Schöley, José Manuel Aburto, Ilya Kashnitsky, Maxi S. Kniffka, Luyin Zhang: Life expectancy changes since COVID-19. In: Nature Human Behaviour. 17. Oktober 2022, ISSN2397-3374, doi:10.1038/s41562-022-01450-3, PMID 36253520.
Jakob Laage-Thomsen, Søren Lund Frandsen: Pandemic preparedness systems and diverging COVID-19 responses within similar public health regimes: a comparative study of expert perceptions of pandemic response in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. In: Globalization and Health. Band18, Nr.1, Dezember 2022, ISSN1744-8603, S.3, doi:10.1186/s12992-022-00799-4, PMID 35062980, PMC 8778498 (freier Volltext): „A useful point of departure for understanding such divergence among most similar countries are the Nordic welfare states’ different responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Denmark, Norway, and Sweden engaged differently with the pandemic during its first wave despite sharing Social Democratic and Scandinavian welfare state models, health care organization, geography, corporatist traditions, levels of institutional trust, and high rankings in the GHSI (Denmark 8; Norway 16; Sweden 7)“
Erica A. Yarmol-Matusiak, Lauren E. Cipriano, Saverio Stranges: A comparison of COVID-19 epidemiological indicators in Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland. In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. Band49, Nr.1, Februar 2021, ISSN1403-4948, S.69–78, doi:10.1177/1403494820980264, PMID 33413051, PMC 7797349 (freier Volltext): „The four Nordic nations of Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland have similar demographic and economic profiles as well as comparable health care systems and public health infrastructures“
Xiaoqin Wang, Fan Yang Wallentin, Li Yin: The statistical evidence missing from the Swedish decision-making of COVID-19 strategy during the early period: A longitudinal observational analysis. In: SSM – Population Health. Band18, 1. Juni 2022, ISSN2352-8273, S.101083, doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101083, PMID 35386859, PMC 8968210 (freier Volltext): „[Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland] are similar to one another in terms of economy, culture, and society, so most of the stationary covariates, such as gender, education, and socioeconomic status, have similar distributions among these countries and thus do not confound the causal effects“
Nazrul Islam, Vladimir M Shkolnikov, Rolando J Acosta, Ilya Klimkin, Ichiro Kawachi: Excess deaths associated with covid-19 pandemic in 2020: age and sex disaggregated time series analysis in 29 high income countries. In: The BMJ. Band373, 19. Mai 2021, ISSN0959-8138, S.n1137, doi:10.1136/bmj.n1137, PMID 34011491, PMC 8132017 (freier Volltext): „Our estimates show that Sweden had the highest excess deaths among the Nordic countries“
Adam Sheridan, Asger Lau Andersen, Emil Toft Hansen, Niels Johannesen: Social distancing laws cause only small losses of economic activity during the COVID-19 pandemic in Scandinavia. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Band117, Nr.34, 25. August 2020, ISSN0027-8424, S.20468–20473, doi:10.1073/pnas.2010068117, PMID 32747573, PMC 7456178 (freier Volltext).
Excess mortality: Cumulative deaths from all causes compared to projection based on previous years. In: Our World in Data. (ourworldindata.org [abgerufen am 30. März 2023]).
Edouard Mathieu, Hannah Ritchie, Lucas Rodés-Guirao, Cameron Appel, Charlie Giattino, Joe Hasell, Bobbie Macdonald, Saloni Dattani, Diana Beltekian, Esteban Ortiz-Ospina, Max Roser: Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19). In: Our World in Data. 5. März 2020 (ourworldindata.org [abgerufen am 21. März 2023]): „To produce this estimate, they first fit a regression model for each region using historical deaths data from 2015–2019. They then use the model to project the number of deaths we might normally have expected in 2020–2022.“
Hitta rätt i vården, Planera din resa, Färdtjänst och sjukresor, Om cookies, Om webbplatsen: Äldre patient med covid-19 har avlidit. Abgerufen am 29. März 2020 (schwedisch).
Zwei Jahre Sonderweg: So gut ist Schweden durch die Corona-Pandemie gekommen. In: stern.de. 5. Februar 2022, abgerufen am 10. November 2022: „Insgesamt deuten die verfügbaren Daten darauf hin, dass sich ein beträchtlicher Teil der schwedischen Bevölkerung die freiwilligen Empfehlungen der Gesundheitsbehörden zu Herzen genommen hat. (…) Als solches deuten die verfügbaren Beweise darauf hin, dass der Voluntarismus mäßig gut funktioniert hat.“
svd.se
Åsa Erlandsson: 20 anställda i karantän – S:t Görans i stabsläge. In: Svenska Dagbladet. 9. März 2020, ISSN1101-2412 (schwedisch, svd.se [abgerufen am 9. März 2020]).
Reinhard Wolff: Corona in Schweden: Sonderweg unter der Lupe. In: Die Tageszeitung: taz. 1. Juli 2020, ISSN0931-9085 (Online [abgerufen am 3. Juli 2020]).
Richard Orange: FACT CHECK: Did Sweden have lower pandemic mortality than Denmark and Norway? In: thelocal.se. 10. März 2023, abgerufen am 18. März 2023 (englisch): „"It's very difficult to compare countries and the longer the pandemic goes on for the harder it is, because you need a proper baseline, and that baseline depends on what happened before," Karin Modig, an epidemiologist at Swedens's Karolinska institute whose research focuses on ageing populations, told The Local […] „My interpretation is that in the first year of the pandemic, say March 2020 – Februrary 2021, Sweden had several thousand excess deaths among the elderly, including nursing home residents,“ he [Prof. Preben Aavitsland] said. „Most of this was caused by Covid-19. In the other [Nordic] countries, more people like these survived, but they died in 2022. The other countries manged to delay some deaths, but now, three years after, we end up at around the same place.““
Arash Heydarian Pashakhanlou: Sweden's coronavirus strategy: The Public Health Agency and the sites of controversy. In: World Medical & Health Policy. Band14, Nr.3, September 2022, ISSN1948-4682, S.507–527, doi:10.1002/wmh3.449, PMID 34226854, PMC 8242624 (freier Volltext): „The investigation has revealed that PHAS' (Public Health Agency of Sweden) risk assessment regarding the general spread of coronavirus in Sweden was overly optimistic. […] Moreover, this analysis has highlighted the continuous refusal of PHAS' to change its position on facemasks or recommend their use in confined and crowded places for the general public. This was despite burgeoning evidence in favor of this protective equipment.“
Åsa Erlandsson: 20 anställda i karantän – S:t Görans i stabsläge. In: Svenska Dagbladet. 9. März 2020, ISSN1101-2412 (schwedisch, svd.se [abgerufen am 9. März 2020]).
Reinhard Wolff: Corona in Schweden: Sonderweg unter der Lupe. In: Die Tageszeitung: taz. 1. Juli 2020, ISSN0931-9085 (Online [abgerufen am 3. Juli 2020]).
Matthias Wyssuwa, Hamburg: Corona in Schweden: Keine Feste mehr in Uppsala. In: FAZ.NET. 21. Oktober 2020, ISSN0174-4909 (Online [abgerufen am 22. Oktober 2020]).
Matthias Wyssuwa: Corona-Krise: Schweden ist auf dem Weg in eine dunkle Zeit. In: FAZ.NET. 13. November 2020, ISSN0174-4909 (Online [abgerufen am 13. November 2020]).
Kaspar Staub, Radoslaw Panczak, Katarina L Matthes, Joël Floris, Claudia Berlin, Christoph Junker, Rolf Weitkunat, Svenn-Erik Mamelund, Marcel Zwahlen, Julien Riou: Historically High Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Switzerland, Sweden, and Spain. In: Annals of Internal Medicine. Band175, Nr.4, 1. Februar 2022, ISSN0003-4819, S.523–532, doi:10.7326/M21-3824, PMID 35099995, PMC 8803137 (freier Volltext).
José Manuel Aburto, Jonas Schöley, Ilya Kashnitsky, Luyin Zhang, Charles Rahal: Quantifying impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic through life-expectancy losses: a population-level study of 29 countries. In: International Journal of Epidemiology. Band51, Nr.1, 26. September 2021, ISSN0300-5771, S.63–74, doi:10.1093/ije/dyab207, PMID 34564730, PMC 8500096 (freier Volltext).
Jonas Schöley, José Manuel Aburto, Ilya Kashnitsky, Maxi S. Kniffka, Luyin Zhang: Life expectancy changes since COVID-19. In: Nature Human Behaviour. 17. Oktober 2022, ISSN2397-3374, doi:10.1038/s41562-022-01450-3, PMID 36253520.
Jakob Laage-Thomsen, Søren Lund Frandsen: Pandemic preparedness systems and diverging COVID-19 responses within similar public health regimes: a comparative study of expert perceptions of pandemic response in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. In: Globalization and Health. Band18, Nr.1, Dezember 2022, ISSN1744-8603, S.3, doi:10.1186/s12992-022-00799-4, PMID 35062980, PMC 8778498 (freier Volltext): „A useful point of departure for understanding such divergence among most similar countries are the Nordic welfare states’ different responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Denmark, Norway, and Sweden engaged differently with the pandemic during its first wave despite sharing Social Democratic and Scandinavian welfare state models, health care organization, geography, corporatist traditions, levels of institutional trust, and high rankings in the GHSI (Denmark 8; Norway 16; Sweden 7)“
Erica A. Yarmol-Matusiak, Lauren E. Cipriano, Saverio Stranges: A comparison of COVID-19 epidemiological indicators in Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland. In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. Band49, Nr.1, Februar 2021, ISSN1403-4948, S.69–78, doi:10.1177/1403494820980264, PMID 33413051, PMC 7797349 (freier Volltext): „The four Nordic nations of Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland have similar demographic and economic profiles as well as comparable health care systems and public health infrastructures“
Xiaoqin Wang, Fan Yang Wallentin, Li Yin: The statistical evidence missing from the Swedish decision-making of COVID-19 strategy during the early period: A longitudinal observational analysis. In: SSM – Population Health. Band18, 1. Juni 2022, ISSN2352-8273, S.101083, doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101083, PMID 35386859, PMC 8968210 (freier Volltext): „[Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland] are similar to one another in terms of economy, culture, and society, so most of the stationary covariates, such as gender, education, and socioeconomic status, have similar distributions among these countries and thus do not confound the causal effects“
Evangelia Petridou: Politics and administration in times of crisis: Explaining the Swedish response to the COVID‐19 crisis. In: European Policy Analysis. Band6, Nr.2, Dezember 2020, ISSN2380-6567, S.147–158, doi:10.1002/epa2.1095.
Nazrul Islam, Vladimir M Shkolnikov, Rolando J Acosta, Ilya Klimkin, Ichiro Kawachi: Excess deaths associated with covid-19 pandemic in 2020: age and sex disaggregated time series analysis in 29 high income countries. In: The BMJ. Band373, 19. Mai 2021, ISSN0959-8138, S.n1137, doi:10.1136/bmj.n1137, PMID 34011491, PMC 8132017 (freier Volltext): „Our estimates show that Sweden had the highest excess deaths among the Nordic countries“
Howard D. Larkin: COVID-19 Health Policies and Economies in Nordic Countries. In: JAMA. Band328, Nr.11, 20. September 2022, ISSN0098-7484, S.1029, doi:10.1001/jama.2022.14713: “Although Sweden had chosen looser COVID-19 health policies to benefit its economy, there is no evidence that this had any short-term economic benefits, while costing disproportionate disease transmission and mortality numbers compared to neighboring countries,” the authors wrote.
Adam Sheridan, Asger Lau Andersen, Emil Toft Hansen, Niels Johannesen: Social distancing laws cause only small losses of economic activity during the COVID-19 pandemic in Scandinavia. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Band117, Nr.34, 25. August 2020, ISSN0027-8424, S.20468–20473, doi:10.1073/pnas.2010068117, PMID 32747573, PMC 7456178 (freier Volltext).