For their outstanding achievements in magnetism of quantum electron systems. Aeppli has pioneered the study of magnetic correlations by neutron scattering, demonstrating the ubiquity of antiferromagnetic correlations in paramagnets and superconductors; Awschalom has done ground-breaking work with femtosecond optical methods to reveal both spatial and temporal aspects of spin dynamics; Ohno has developed new types of ferromagnetic semiconductors which have facilitated some key aspects of spin electronics.IUPAP
