James A. F Stoner: Risky and cautious shifts in group decisions: The influence of widely held values. In: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. Band4, Nr.4, 1. Oktober 1968, ISSN0022-1031, S.442–459, doi:10.1016/0022-1031(68)90069-3 (sciencedirect.com [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
Serge Moscovici, Marisa Zavalloni: The group as a polarizer of attitudes. In: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Band12, Nr.2, Juni 1969, ISSN1939-1315, S.125–135, doi:10.1037/h0027568.
Colin Fraser, Celia Gouge, Michael Billig: Risky shifts, cautious shifts, and group polarization. In: European Journal of Social Psychology. Band1, Nr.1, 1971, ISSN1099-0992, S.7–30, doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420010103 (wiley.com [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
Daniel J. Isenberg: Group polarization: A critical review and meta-analysis. In: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Band50, Nr.6, Juni 1986, ISSN1939-1315, S.1141–1151, doi:10.1037/0022-3514.50.6.1141.
Wenxuan Fu, Renqi Zhu, Shuo Liu, Xin Lu, Bo Li: A Review of Group Polarization Research from a Dynamics Perspective. In: Journalism and Media. Band6, Nr.3, 6. September 2025, ISSN2673-5172, S.144, doi:10.3390/journalmedia6030144 (mdpi.com [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
Larissa Knöchelmann, J. Christopher Cohrs: Effects of intellectual humility in the context of affective polarization: Approaching and avoiding others in controversial political discussions. In: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Band129, Nr.1, Juli 2025, ISSN1939-1315, S.91–117, doi:10.1037/pspi0000462.
Laura G. E. Smith, Emma F. Thomas, Ana-Maria Bliuc, Craig McGarty: Polarization is the psychological foundation of collective engagement. In: Communications Psychology. Band2, Nr.1, 6. Mai 2024, ISSN2731-9121, S.41, doi:10.1038/s44271-024-00089-2, PMID 39242857, PMC 11332107 (freier Volltext) – (nature.com [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
Daniel J. Isenberg: Group polarization: A critical review and meta-analysis. In: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Band50, Nr.6, Juni 1986, ISSN1939-1315, S.1141–1151, doi:10.1037/0022-3514.50.6.1141.
Eugene Burnstein, Amiram Vinokur: Persuasive argumentation and social comparison as determinants of attitude polarization. In: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. Band13, Nr.4, 1. Juli 1977, ISSN0022-1031, S.315–332, doi:10.1016/0022-1031(77)90002-6 (sciencedirect.com [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
Wenxuan Fu, Renqi Zhu, Shuo Liu, Xin Lu, Bo Li: A Review of Group Polarization Research from a Dynamics Perspective. In: Journalism and Media. Band6, Nr.3, 6. September 2025, ISSN2673-5172, S.144, doi:10.3390/journalmedia6030144 (mdpi.com [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
Dominic Abrams, Margaret Wetherell, Sandra Cochrane, Michael A. Hogg, John C. Turner: Knowing what to think by knowing who you are: Self-categorization and the nature of norm formation, conformity and group polarization. In: British Journal of Social Psychology. Band29, Nr.2, 1990, ISSN2044-8309, S.97–119, doi:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1990.tb00892.x (wiley.com [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
Daniel J. Isenberg: Group polarization: A critical review and meta-analysis. In: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Band50, Nr.6, Juni 1986, ISSN1939-1315, S.1141–1151, doi:10.1037/0022-3514.50.6.1141.
David G. Myers, George D. Bishop: Discussion Effects on Racial Attitudes. In: Science. Band169, Nr.3947, 21. August 1970, S.778–779, doi:10.1126/science.169.3947.778 (science.org [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
Luca Iandoli, Simonetta Primario, Giuseppe Zollo: The impact of group polarization on the quality of online debate in social media: A systematic literature review. In: Technological Forecasting and Social Change. Band170, 1. September 2021, ISSN0040-1625, S.120924, doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120924 (sciencedirect.com [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
Nadia Said, Helen Fischer, Gerrit Anders: Contested science: Individuals with higher metacognitive insight into interpretation of evidence are less likely to polarize. In: Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. Band29, Nr.2, 1. April 2022, ISSN1531-5320, S.668–680, doi:10.3758/s13423-021-01993-y, PMID 34716563, PMC 8555729 (freier Volltext).
Markus Brauer, Charles M. Judd: Group Polarization and Repeated Attitude Expressions: A New Take on an Old Topic. In: European Review of Social Psychology. Band7, Nr.1, 1. Januar 1996, ISSN1046-3283, S.173–207, doi:10.1080/14792779643000010.
Ana-Maria Bliuc, Ayoub Bouguettaya, Kallam D. Felise: Online Intergroup Polarization Across Political Fault Lines: An Integrative Review. In: Frontiers in Psychology. Band12, 18. Oktober 2021, ISSN1664-1078, doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.641215, PMID 34733195, PMC 8559783 (freier Volltext) – (frontiersin.org [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
Michela Del Vicario, Alessandro Bessi, Fabiana Zollo, Fabio Petroni, Antonio Scala, Guido Caldarelli, H. Eugene Stanley, Walter Quattrociocchi: The spreading of misinformation online. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Band113, Nr.3, 19. Januar 2016, S.554–559, doi:10.1073/pnas.1517441113, PMID 26729863, PMC 4725489 (freier Volltext) – (pnas.org [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
Cass R. Sunstein: Deliberative Trouble? Why Groups Go to Extremes. In: The Yale Law Journal. Band110, Nr.1, 2000, ISSN0044-0094, S.71–119, doi:10.2307/797587, JSTOR:797587.
Ana-Maria Bliuc, Ayoub Bouguettaya, Kallam D. Felise: Online Intergroup Polarization Across Political Fault Lines: An Integrative Review. In: Frontiers in Psychology. Band12, 18. Oktober 2021, ISSN1664-1078, doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.641215, PMID 34733195, PMC 8559783 (freier Volltext) – (frontiersin.org [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
Cass R. Sunstein: Deliberative Trouble? Why Groups Go to Extremes. In: The Yale Law Journal. Band110, Nr.1, 2000, ISSN0044-0094, S.71–119, doi:10.2307/797587, JSTOR:797587.
Wenxuan Fu, Renqi Zhu, Shuo Liu, Xin Lu, Bo Li: A Review of Group Polarization Research from a Dynamics Perspective. In: Journalism and Media. Band6, Nr.3, 6. September 2025, ISSN2673-5172, S.144, doi:10.3390/journalmedia6030144 (mdpi.com [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
Wenxuan Fu, Renqi Zhu, Shuo Liu, Xin Lu, Bo Li: A Review of Group Polarization Research from a Dynamics Perspective. In: Journalism and Media. Band6, Nr.3, 6. September 2025, ISSN2673-5172, S.144, doi:10.3390/journalmedia6030144 (mdpi.com [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
Laura G. E. Smith, Emma F. Thomas, Ana-Maria Bliuc, Craig McGarty: Polarization is the psychological foundation of collective engagement. In: Communications Psychology. Band2, Nr.1, 6. Mai 2024, ISSN2731-9121, S.41, doi:10.1038/s44271-024-00089-2, PMID 39242857, PMC 11332107 (freier Volltext) – (nature.com [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
Laura G. E. Smith, Emma F. Thomas, Ana-Maria Bliuc, Craig McGarty: Polarization is the psychological foundation of collective engagement. In: Communications Psychology. Band2, Nr.1, 6. Mai 2024, ISSN2731-9121, S.41, doi:10.1038/s44271-024-00089-2, PMID 39242857, PMC 11332107 (freier Volltext) – (nature.com [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
Nadia Said, Helen Fischer, Gerrit Anders: Contested science: Individuals with higher metacognitive insight into interpretation of evidence are less likely to polarize. In: Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. Band29, Nr.2, 1. April 2022, ISSN1531-5320, S.668–680, doi:10.3758/s13423-021-01993-y, PMID 34716563, PMC 8555729 (freier Volltext).
Ana-Maria Bliuc, Ayoub Bouguettaya, Kallam D. Felise: Online Intergroup Polarization Across Political Fault Lines: An Integrative Review. In: Frontiers in Psychology. Band12, 18. Oktober 2021, ISSN1664-1078, doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.641215, PMID 34733195, PMC 8559783 (freier Volltext) – (frontiersin.org [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
Michela Del Vicario, Alessandro Bessi, Fabiana Zollo, Fabio Petroni, Antonio Scala, Guido Caldarelli, H. Eugene Stanley, Walter Quattrociocchi: The spreading of misinformation online. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Band113, Nr.3, 19. Januar 2016, S.554–559, doi:10.1073/pnas.1517441113, PMID 26729863, PMC 4725489 (freier Volltext) – (pnas.org [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
Michela Del Vicario, Alessandro Bessi, Fabiana Zollo, Fabio Petroni, Antonio Scala, Guido Caldarelli, H. Eugene Stanley, Walter Quattrociocchi: The spreading of misinformation online. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Band113, Nr.3, 19. Januar 2016, S.554–559, doi:10.1073/pnas.1517441113, PMID 26729863, PMC 4725489 (freier Volltext) – (pnas.org [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
David G. Myers, George D. Bishop: Discussion Effects on Racial Attitudes. In: Science. Band169, Nr.3947, 21. August 1970, S.778–779, doi:10.1126/science.169.3947.778 (science.org [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
James A. F Stoner: Risky and cautious shifts in group decisions: The influence of widely held values. In: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. Band4, Nr.4, 1. Oktober 1968, ISSN0022-1031, S.442–459, doi:10.1016/0022-1031(68)90069-3 (sciencedirect.com [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
Eugene Burnstein, Amiram Vinokur: Persuasive argumentation and social comparison as determinants of attitude polarization. In: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. Band13, Nr.4, 1. Juli 1977, ISSN0022-1031, S.315–332, doi:10.1016/0022-1031(77)90002-6 (sciencedirect.com [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
Luca Iandoli, Simonetta Primario, Giuseppe Zollo: The impact of group polarization on the quality of online debate in social media: A systematic literature review. In: Technological Forecasting and Social Change. Band170, 1. September 2021, ISSN0040-1625, S.120924, doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120924 (sciencedirect.com [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
Colin Fraser, Celia Gouge, Michael Billig: Risky shifts, cautious shifts, and group polarization. In: European Journal of Social Psychology. Band1, Nr.1, 1971, ISSN1099-0992, S.7–30, doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420010103 (wiley.com [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
Dominic Abrams, Margaret Wetherell, Sandra Cochrane, Michael A. Hogg, John C. Turner: Knowing what to think by knowing who you are: Self-categorization and the nature of norm formation, conformity and group polarization. In: British Journal of Social Psychology. Band29, Nr.2, 1990, ISSN2044-8309, S.97–119, doi:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1990.tb00892.x (wiley.com [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
James A. F Stoner: Risky and cautious shifts in group decisions: The influence of widely held values. In: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. Band4, Nr.4, 1. Oktober 1968, ISSN0022-1031, S.442–459, doi:10.1016/0022-1031(68)90069-3 (sciencedirect.com [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
Serge Moscovici, Marisa Zavalloni: The group as a polarizer of attitudes. In: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Band12, Nr.2, Juni 1969, ISSN1939-1315, S.125–135, doi:10.1037/h0027568.
Colin Fraser, Celia Gouge, Michael Billig: Risky shifts, cautious shifts, and group polarization. In: European Journal of Social Psychology. Band1, Nr.1, 1971, ISSN1099-0992, S.7–30, doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420010103 (wiley.com [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
Daniel J. Isenberg: Group polarization: A critical review and meta-analysis. In: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Band50, Nr.6, Juni 1986, ISSN1939-1315, S.1141–1151, doi:10.1037/0022-3514.50.6.1141.
Wenxuan Fu, Renqi Zhu, Shuo Liu, Xin Lu, Bo Li: A Review of Group Polarization Research from a Dynamics Perspective. In: Journalism and Media. Band6, Nr.3, 6. September 2025, ISSN2673-5172, S.144, doi:10.3390/journalmedia6030144 (mdpi.com [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
Larissa Knöchelmann, J. Christopher Cohrs: Effects of intellectual humility in the context of affective polarization: Approaching and avoiding others in controversial political discussions. In: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Band129, Nr.1, Juli 2025, ISSN1939-1315, S.91–117, doi:10.1037/pspi0000462.
Laura G. E. Smith, Emma F. Thomas, Ana-Maria Bliuc, Craig McGarty: Polarization is the psychological foundation of collective engagement. In: Communications Psychology. Band2, Nr.1, 6. Mai 2024, ISSN2731-9121, S.41, doi:10.1038/s44271-024-00089-2, PMID 39242857, PMC 11332107 (freier Volltext) – (nature.com [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
Daniel J. Isenberg: Group polarization: A critical review and meta-analysis. In: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Band50, Nr.6, Juni 1986, ISSN1939-1315, S.1141–1151, doi:10.1037/0022-3514.50.6.1141.
Eugene Burnstein, Amiram Vinokur: Persuasive argumentation and social comparison as determinants of attitude polarization. In: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. Band13, Nr.4, 1. Juli 1977, ISSN0022-1031, S.315–332, doi:10.1016/0022-1031(77)90002-6 (sciencedirect.com [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
Wenxuan Fu, Renqi Zhu, Shuo Liu, Xin Lu, Bo Li: A Review of Group Polarization Research from a Dynamics Perspective. In: Journalism and Media. Band6, Nr.3, 6. September 2025, ISSN2673-5172, S.144, doi:10.3390/journalmedia6030144 (mdpi.com [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
Dominic Abrams, Margaret Wetherell, Sandra Cochrane, Michael A. Hogg, John C. Turner: Knowing what to think by knowing who you are: Self-categorization and the nature of norm formation, conformity and group polarization. In: British Journal of Social Psychology. Band29, Nr.2, 1990, ISSN2044-8309, S.97–119, doi:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1990.tb00892.x (wiley.com [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
Daniel J. Isenberg: Group polarization: A critical review and meta-analysis. In: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Band50, Nr.6, Juni 1986, ISSN1939-1315, S.1141–1151, doi:10.1037/0022-3514.50.6.1141.
Luca Iandoli, Simonetta Primario, Giuseppe Zollo: The impact of group polarization on the quality of online debate in social media: A systematic literature review. In: Technological Forecasting and Social Change. Band170, 1. September 2021, ISSN0040-1625, S.120924, doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120924 (sciencedirect.com [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
Nadia Said, Helen Fischer, Gerrit Anders: Contested science: Individuals with higher metacognitive insight into interpretation of evidence are less likely to polarize. In: Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. Band29, Nr.2, 1. April 2022, ISSN1531-5320, S.668–680, doi:10.3758/s13423-021-01993-y, PMID 34716563, PMC 8555729 (freier Volltext).
Markus Brauer, Charles M. Judd: Group Polarization and Repeated Attitude Expressions: A New Take on an Old Topic. In: European Review of Social Psychology. Band7, Nr.1, 1. Januar 1996, ISSN1046-3283, S.173–207, doi:10.1080/14792779643000010.
Ana-Maria Bliuc, Ayoub Bouguettaya, Kallam D. Felise: Online Intergroup Polarization Across Political Fault Lines: An Integrative Review. In: Frontiers in Psychology. Band12, 18. Oktober 2021, ISSN1664-1078, doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.641215, PMID 34733195, PMC 8559783 (freier Volltext) – (frontiersin.org [abgerufen am 12. Dezember 2025]).
Cass R. Sunstein: Deliberative Trouble? Why Groups Go to Extremes. In: The Yale Law Journal. Band110, Nr.1, 2000, ISSN0044-0094, S.71–119, doi:10.2307/797587, JSTOR:797587.