Dass die Legende hier nicht mit den historisch überlieferten Tatsachen übereinstimmt, erläutert Jan Willem Drijvers in seinem Werk Helena Augusta. The Mother of Constantine the Great and the Legend of Her Finding of the True Cross, Groningen 1989, ISBN 90-04-09435-0, S. 159 folgendermaßen: „The Name of Helena […] was […] changed into Protonike. […] To solve the problem of chronology, the author(s) of P made Protonike Claudius’ wife and Claudius in his turn was connected with Tiberius’ reign […] The fact that Protonike was Claudius’ wife whereas Helena was Constanine’s mother, seems a major change. However, probably already from the beginning of the fifth century onwards, Helena and Constantine were chiefly presented as an imperial couple, instead of as mother and son.“ Auch in seiner Untersuchung Marutha of Maipherquat on Helena Augusta, Jerusalem and the Council of Nicaea in Studia patristica XXXIV, Löwen 2001, S. 51 ff. sieht er diese Verbindung zwischen Claudius und Constantin einerseits und Helena und Protonike andererseits: „[…] Claudius, the emperor to whom Constantines’ descent goes back […] since in the Protonike legend, the empress Protonike ist said to be the wife of Claudius.“ (S. 57) Vgl. retro bib - Seite aus Meyers Konversationslexikon: Kreuzen - Kreuzholz. Neben dem Namen Protonike ist auch die Form Patronike überliefert, vgl. A Dictionary of Christian Biography, Literature, Sects and Doctrines T to Z ... - Google Books.
Dass die Legende hier nicht mit den historisch überlieferten Tatsachen übereinstimmt, erläutert Jan Willem Drijvers in seinem Werk Helena Augusta. The Mother of Constantine the Great and the Legend of Her Finding of the True Cross, Groningen 1989, ISBN 90-04-09435-0, S. 159 folgendermaßen: „The Name of Helena […] was […] changed into Protonike. […] To solve the problem of chronology, the author(s) of P made Protonike Claudius’ wife and Claudius in his turn was connected with Tiberius’ reign […] The fact that Protonike was Claudius’ wife whereas Helena was Constanine’s mother, seems a major change. However, probably already from the beginning of the fifth century onwards, Helena and Constantine were chiefly presented as an imperial couple, instead of as mother and son.“ Auch in seiner Untersuchung Marutha of Maipherquat on Helena Augusta, Jerusalem and the Council of Nicaea in Studia patristica XXXIV, Löwen 2001, S. 51 ff. sieht er diese Verbindung zwischen Claudius und Constantin einerseits und Helena und Protonike andererseits: „[…] Claudius, the emperor to whom Constantines’ descent goes back […] since in the Protonike legend, the empress Protonike ist said to be the wife of Claudius.“ (S. 57) Vgl. retro bib - Seite aus Meyers Konversationslexikon: Kreuzen - Kreuzholz. Neben dem Namen Protonike ist auch die Form Patronike überliefert, vgl. A Dictionary of Christian Biography, Literature, Sects and Doctrines T to Z ... - Google Books.
