Norwich, John Julius (2006) The Middle Sea: A History of the Mediterranean Doubleday, New York, Seire 103, ISBN 978-0-385-51023-3
Setton, Kenneth M.; Hazard, Harry W. und Zacour, Norman P. (1980) A History of the Crusades: The Impact of the Crusades on Europe University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin, Seite 241, ISBN 978-0-299-10744-4
Gingeras, Ryan (2009) Sorrowful Shores: Violence, ethnicity, and the end of the Ottoman Empire, 1912–1923 Oxford University Press, Oxford, England, Seiten 106 and 118, ISBN 978-0-19-956152-0
