Ulfur Arnason, Anette Gullberg, Axel Janke, Morgan Kullberg, Niles Lehman, Evgeny A. Petrov, Risto Väinölä (2006): Pinniped phylogeny and a new hypothesis for their origin and dispersal. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 41: 345–354. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.05.022
Tara Lynn Fulton & Curtis Strobeck (2010): Multiple markers and multiple individuals refine true seal phylogeny and bring molecules and morphology back in line. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 277: 1065-1070. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.1783
Tara L. Fulton & Curtis Strobeck (2010): Multiple fossil calibrations, nuclear loci and mitochondrial genomes provide new insight into biogeography and divergence timing for true seals (Phocidae, Pinnipedia). Journal of Biogeography 37: 814–829. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02271.x