Joo-Yup Lee, Shuntu Kuang: A Comparative Analysis of Chinese Historical Sources and y-dna Studies with Regard to the Early and Medieval Turkic Peoples. In: Inner Asia. Band19, Nr.2, 18. Oktober 2017, ISSN2210-5018, S.197–239, doi:10.1163/22105018-12340089 (brill.com [abgerufen am 19. April 2024]): „Both Chinese histories and modern dna studies indicate that the early and medieval Turkic peoples were made up of heterogeneous populations. The Turkicisation of central and western Eurasia was not the product of migrations involving a homogeneous entity, but that of language diffusion.“
Stephen Frederic Dale: Turks, Turks and türk Turks: Anatolia, Iran and India in Comparative Perspective. In: Turkish History and Culture in India. Brill, 2020, ISBN 978-90-04-43736-4, S.56–87, doi:10.1163/9789004437364_004 (brill.com [abgerufen am 23. April 2024]): „In Iran, where tens or hundreds of thousands of Oghuz Turks settled, they never established an identifiably Turkic state over the plateau, even as Turkic or Qizilbash tribes dominated the Safavid military, formed an ethnic presence in Azerbaijan and
remained prominent as tribesmen speaking Turkic dialects down to the twen-
tieth century. Despite the massive and continuous Turkic presence, Persian and Iranian culture has remained culturally dominant in Iran throughout its Islamic history. In contrast, at the western or Anatolian end of this region of Turkic involvement not only did Oghuz invaders retain their political power to varying degrees, but Turks also became the ethnically dominant population, speaking Turkic dialects and generating Turkic rural and urban cultures.“
Alexander Beihammer: Patterns of Turkish Migration and Expansion in Byzantine Asia Minor in the 11th and 12th Centuries. In: Johannes Preiser-Kapeller, Lucian Reinfandt, Yannis Stouraitis (Hrsg.): Migration Histories of the Medieval Afroeurasian Transition Zone: Aspects of mobility between Africa, Asia and Europe, 300-1500 C.E. BRILL, 2020, ISBN 978-90-04-38249-7, doi:10.1163/9789004425613_007 (brill.com [abgerufen am 24. April 2024]): „In the rural areas of western and central Anatolia, more permanent forms of Turkish
presence are attested to from the mid-1070s onwards.The gradual disintegration of Byzantine administrative and military structures, which was caused in various parts of Asia Minor by a series of power struggles among competing factions of the Byzantine aristocracy from 1057 onwards, allowed local lords, army units, and foreign mercenary groups to gain a high degree of independence from the central government in Constantinople and brought about a breakdown of alliances with Muslim emirs in the borderlands.
A group of the Iraqi Oghuz is said to have amounted to 2,000 tents, which
would mean a total number of 8–10,000 people including women and chil-
dren.26 Other reports speak about 3,000 and 5,000 warriors in Armenia and
western Iran respectively“
deremilitari.org
DRM_peter: The Battle of Manzikert: Military Disaster or Political Failure? In: De Re Militari. Abgerufen am 24. April 2024 (amerikanisches Englisch): „The Byzantine civil war had continued for ten years and completely exhausted Byzantine resources in Anatolia. While the Byzantines had been busy fighting each other the Turks had advanced into a power vacuum, initially as raiders, later as mercenaries and finally as settlers.“
doi.org
Joo-Yup Lee, Shuntu Kuang: A Comparative Analysis of Chinese Historical Sources and y-dna Studies with Regard to the Early and Medieval Turkic Peoples. In: Inner Asia. Band19, Nr.2, 18. Oktober 2017, ISSN2210-5018, S.197–239, doi:10.1163/22105018-12340089 (brill.com [abgerufen am 19. April 2024]): „Both Chinese histories and modern dna studies indicate that the early and medieval Turkic peoples were made up of heterogeneous populations. The Turkicisation of central and western Eurasia was not the product of migrations involving a homogeneous entity, but that of language diffusion.“
Bayazit Yunusbayev, Mait Metspalu, Ene Metspalu, Albert Valeev, Sergei Litvinov, Ruslan Valiev, Vita Akhmetova, Elena Balanovska, Oleg Balanovsky, Shahlo Turdikulova, Dilbar Dalimova, Pagbajabyn Nymadawa, Ardeshir Bahmanimehr, Hovhannes Sahakyan, Kristiina Tambets, Sardana Fedorova, Nikolay Barashkov, Irina Khidiyatova, Evelin Mihailov, Rita Khusainova, Larisa Damba, Miroslava Derenko, Boris Malyarchuk, Ludmila Osipova, Mikhail Voevoda, Levon Yepiskoposyan, Toomas Kivisild, Elza Khusnutdinova, Richard Villems: The Genetic Legacy of the Expansion of Turkic-Speaking Nomads across Eurasia. In: PLOS Genetics. Band11, Nr.4, 21. April 2015, ISSN1553-7404, S.e1005068, doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068, PMID 25898006, PMC 4405460 (freier Volltext): „Previous genetic studies have not identified a clear-cut unifying genetic signal for the Turkic peoples, which lends support for language replacement rather than demic diffusion as the model for the Turkic language’s expansion.“
Bayazit Yunusbayev, Mait Metspalu, Ene Metspalu, Albert Valeev, Sergei Litvinov, Ruslan Valiev, Vita Akhmetova, Elena Balanovska, Oleg Balanovsky, Shahlo Turdikulova, Dilbar Dalimova, Pagbajabyn Nymadawa, Ardeshir Bahmanimehr, Hovhannes Sahakyan, Kristiina Tambets, Sardana Fedorova, Nikolay Barashkov, Irina Khidiyatova, Evelin Mihailov, Rita Khusainova, Larisa Damba, Miroslava Derenko, Boris Malyarchuk, Ludmila Osipova, Mikhail Voevoda, Levon Yepiskoposyan, Toomas Kivisild, Elza Khusnutdinova, Richard Villems: The Genetic Legacy of the Expansion of Turkic-Speaking Nomads across Eurasia. In: PLOS Genetics. Band11, Nr.4, 21. April 2015, ISSN1553-7404, S.e1005068, doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068, PMID 25898006, PMC 4405460 (freier Volltext): „The origin and early dispersal history of the Turkic peoples is disputed, with candidates for their ancient homeland ranging from the Transcaspian steppe to Manchuria in Northeast Asia.“
Bayazit Yunusbayev, Mait Metspalu, Ene Metspalu, Albert Valeev, Sergei Litvinov, Ruslan Valiev, Vita Akhmetova, Elena Balanovska, Oleg Balanovsky, Shahlo Turdikulova, Dilbar Dalimova, Pagbajabyn Nymadawa, Ardeshir Bahmanimehr, Hovhannes Sahakyan, Kristiina Tambets, Sardana Fedorova, Nikolay Barashkov, Irina Khidiyatova, Evelin Mihailov, Rita Khusainova, Larisa Damba, Miroslava Derenko, Boris Malyarchuk, Ludmila Osipova, Mikhail Voevoda, Levon Yepiskoposyan, Toomas Kivisild, Elza Khusnutdinova, Richard Villems: The Genetic Legacy of the Expansion of Turkic-Speaking Nomads across Eurasia. In: PLOS Genetics. Band11, Nr.4, 21. April 2015, ISSN1553-7404, S.e1005068, doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068, PMID 25898006, PMC 4405460 (freier Volltext): „The earliest Turkic ruled polities were centered in what is now Mongolia, northern China, and southern Siberia. Accordingly, this region has been put forward as the point of origin for the dispersal of Turkic-speaking pastoral nomads. We designate it here as an “Inner Asian Homeland” (IAH) and note at least two issues with this working hypothesis. First, the same approximate area was earlier dominated by the Xiongnu Empire (Hsiung-nu) (200 BCE–100 CE) and later by the short-lived Xianbei (Hsien-pi) Confederation (100–200 CE) and Rouran State (aka Juan-juan or Asian Avar) (400–500 CE). These steppe polities were likely established by non-Turkic-speaking peoples and presumably united ethnically diverse tribes.“
Bayazit Yunusbayev, Mait Metspalu, Ene Metspalu, Albert Valeev, Sergei Litvinov, Ruslan Valiev, Vita Akhmetova, Elena Balanovska, Oleg Balanovsky, Shahlo Turdikulova, Dilbar Dalimova, Pagbajabyn Nymadawa, Ardeshir Bahmanimehr, Hovhannes Sahakyan, Kristiina Tambets, Sardana Fedorova, Nikolay Barashkov, Irina Khidiyatova, Evelin Mihailov, Rita Khusainova, Larisa Damba, Miroslava Derenko, Boris Malyarchuk, Ludmila Osipova, Mikhail Voevoda, Levon Yepiskoposyan, Toomas Kivisild, Elza Khusnutdinova, Richard Villems: The Genetic Legacy of the Expansion of Turkic-Speaking Nomads across Eurasia. In: PLOS Genetics. Band11, Nr.4, 21. April 2015, ISSN1553-7404, S.e1005068, doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068, PMID 25898006, PMC 4405460 (freier Volltext): „Göktürks represent the earliest known ethnic unit whereby Turkic peoples appear under the name Turk. Yet, Turkic-speaking peoples appear in written historical sources before that time, namely when Oghuric Turkic-speaking tribes appear in the Northern Pontic steppes in the 5th century, much earlier than the rise of Göktürk Khaganate in the IAH. Thus, the early stages of Turkic dispersal remain poorly understood and our knowledge about their ancient habitat remains a working hypothesis.“
Stephen Frederic Dale: Turks, Turks and türk Turks: Anatolia, Iran and India in Comparative Perspective. In: Turkish History and Culture in India. Brill, 2020, ISBN 978-90-04-43736-4, S.56–87, doi:10.1163/9789004437364_004 (brill.com [abgerufen am 23. April 2024]): „In Iran, where tens or hundreds of thousands of Oghuz Turks settled, they never established an identifiably Turkic state over the plateau, even as Turkic or Qizilbash tribes dominated the Safavid military, formed an ethnic presence in Azerbaijan and
remained prominent as tribesmen speaking Turkic dialects down to the twen-
tieth century. Despite the massive and continuous Turkic presence, Persian and Iranian culture has remained culturally dominant in Iran throughout its Islamic history. In contrast, at the western or Anatolian end of this region of Turkic involvement not only did Oghuz invaders retain their political power to varying degrees, but Turks also became the ethnically dominant population, speaking Turkic dialects and generating Turkic rural and urban cultures.“
Alexander Beihammer: Patterns of Turkish Migration and Expansion in Byzantine Asia Minor in the 11th and 12th Centuries. In: Johannes Preiser-Kapeller, Lucian Reinfandt, Yannis Stouraitis (Hrsg.): Migration Histories of the Medieval Afroeurasian Transition Zone: Aspects of mobility between Africa, Asia and Europe, 300-1500 C.E. BRILL, 2020, ISBN 978-90-04-38249-7, doi:10.1163/9789004425613_007 (brill.com [abgerufen am 24. April 2024]): „In the rural areas of western and central Anatolia, more permanent forms of Turkish
presence are attested to from the mid-1070s onwards.The gradual disintegration of Byzantine administrative and military structures, which was caused in various parts of Asia Minor by a series of power struggles among competing factions of the Byzantine aristocracy from 1057 onwards, allowed local lords, army units, and foreign mercenary groups to gain a high degree of independence from the central government in Constantinople and brought about a breakdown of alliances with Muslim emirs in the borderlands.
A group of the Iraqi Oghuz is said to have amounted to 2,000 tents, which
would mean a total number of 8–10,000 people including women and chil-
dren.26 Other reports speak about 3,000 and 5,000 warriors in Armenia and
western Iran respectively“
Daniela Meneghini: SALJUQS v. SALJUQID LITERATURE. Abgerufen am 19. April 2024 (amerikanisches Englisch): „The Saljuqs (...) adopted Persian as the official language of the administration and of much of the court correspondence. The most important and immediate effect of these decisions was the very widespread diffusion of Persian as a literary language alongside Arabic. The Saljuqs, who had nocomparable cultural and literary heritage of their own in Turkish to counter Persian,accepted and cultivated the prestigious literary tradition provided by Persian language and culture. By so doing, they played a significant role in the diffusion of the Persian literary language (...)“
Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi: ŠAHRBĀNU. Abgerufen am 23. April 2024 (amerikanisches Englisch): „(..) non-Persian dynasties such as the Ghaznavids, Saljuqs and Ilkhanids were rapidly to adopt the Persian language and have their origins traced back to the ancient kings of Persia rather than to Turkish heroes or Muslim saints (Levy, pp. 66 ff.; Spuler, pp. 176-77).“
Daniela Meneghini: Saljuqs V. Abgerufen am 23. April 2024 (amerikanisches Englisch): „The Saljuqs (...) adopted Persian as the official language of the administration and of much of the court correspondence. The most important and immediate effect of these decisions was the very widespread diffusion of Persian as a literary language alongside Arabic. The Saljuqs, who had nocomparable cultural and literary heritage of their own in Turkish to counter Persian,accepted and cultivated the prestigious literary tradition provided by Persian language and culture. By so doing, they played a significant role in the diffusion of the Persian literary language (...)“
Bayazit Yunusbayev, Mait Metspalu, Ene Metspalu, Albert Valeev, Sergei Litvinov, Ruslan Valiev, Vita Akhmetova, Elena Balanovska, Oleg Balanovsky, Shahlo Turdikulova, Dilbar Dalimova, Pagbajabyn Nymadawa, Ardeshir Bahmanimehr, Hovhannes Sahakyan, Kristiina Tambets, Sardana Fedorova, Nikolay Barashkov, Irina Khidiyatova, Evelin Mihailov, Rita Khusainova, Larisa Damba, Miroslava Derenko, Boris Malyarchuk, Ludmila Osipova, Mikhail Voevoda, Levon Yepiskoposyan, Toomas Kivisild, Elza Khusnutdinova, Richard Villems: The Genetic Legacy of the Expansion of Turkic-Speaking Nomads across Eurasia. In: PLOS Genetics. Band11, Nr.4, 21. April 2015, ISSN1553-7404, S.e1005068, doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068, PMID 25898006, PMC 4405460 (freier Volltext): „Previous genetic studies have not identified a clear-cut unifying genetic signal for the Turkic peoples, which lends support for language replacement rather than demic diffusion as the model for the Turkic language’s expansion.“
Bayazit Yunusbayev, Mait Metspalu, Ene Metspalu, Albert Valeev, Sergei Litvinov, Ruslan Valiev, Vita Akhmetova, Elena Balanovska, Oleg Balanovsky, Shahlo Turdikulova, Dilbar Dalimova, Pagbajabyn Nymadawa, Ardeshir Bahmanimehr, Hovhannes Sahakyan, Kristiina Tambets, Sardana Fedorova, Nikolay Barashkov, Irina Khidiyatova, Evelin Mihailov, Rita Khusainova, Larisa Damba, Miroslava Derenko, Boris Malyarchuk, Ludmila Osipova, Mikhail Voevoda, Levon Yepiskoposyan, Toomas Kivisild, Elza Khusnutdinova, Richard Villems: The Genetic Legacy of the Expansion of Turkic-Speaking Nomads across Eurasia. In: PLOS Genetics. Band11, Nr.4, 21. April 2015, ISSN1553-7404, S.e1005068, doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068, PMID 25898006, PMC 4405460 (freier Volltext): „The origin and early dispersal history of the Turkic peoples is disputed, with candidates for their ancient homeland ranging from the Transcaspian steppe to Manchuria in Northeast Asia.“
Bayazit Yunusbayev, Mait Metspalu, Ene Metspalu, Albert Valeev, Sergei Litvinov, Ruslan Valiev, Vita Akhmetova, Elena Balanovska, Oleg Balanovsky, Shahlo Turdikulova, Dilbar Dalimova, Pagbajabyn Nymadawa, Ardeshir Bahmanimehr, Hovhannes Sahakyan, Kristiina Tambets, Sardana Fedorova, Nikolay Barashkov, Irina Khidiyatova, Evelin Mihailov, Rita Khusainova, Larisa Damba, Miroslava Derenko, Boris Malyarchuk, Ludmila Osipova, Mikhail Voevoda, Levon Yepiskoposyan, Toomas Kivisild, Elza Khusnutdinova, Richard Villems: The Genetic Legacy of the Expansion of Turkic-Speaking Nomads across Eurasia. In: PLOS Genetics. Band11, Nr.4, 21. April 2015, ISSN1553-7404, S.e1005068, doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068, PMID 25898006, PMC 4405460 (freier Volltext): „The earliest Turkic ruled polities were centered in what is now Mongolia, northern China, and southern Siberia. Accordingly, this region has been put forward as the point of origin for the dispersal of Turkic-speaking pastoral nomads. We designate it here as an “Inner Asian Homeland” (IAH) and note at least two issues with this working hypothesis. First, the same approximate area was earlier dominated by the Xiongnu Empire (Hsiung-nu) (200 BCE–100 CE) and later by the short-lived Xianbei (Hsien-pi) Confederation (100–200 CE) and Rouran State (aka Juan-juan or Asian Avar) (400–500 CE). These steppe polities were likely established by non-Turkic-speaking peoples and presumably united ethnically diverse tribes.“
Bayazit Yunusbayev, Mait Metspalu, Ene Metspalu, Albert Valeev, Sergei Litvinov, Ruslan Valiev, Vita Akhmetova, Elena Balanovska, Oleg Balanovsky, Shahlo Turdikulova, Dilbar Dalimova, Pagbajabyn Nymadawa, Ardeshir Bahmanimehr, Hovhannes Sahakyan, Kristiina Tambets, Sardana Fedorova, Nikolay Barashkov, Irina Khidiyatova, Evelin Mihailov, Rita Khusainova, Larisa Damba, Miroslava Derenko, Boris Malyarchuk, Ludmila Osipova, Mikhail Voevoda, Levon Yepiskoposyan, Toomas Kivisild, Elza Khusnutdinova, Richard Villems: The Genetic Legacy of the Expansion of Turkic-Speaking Nomads across Eurasia. In: PLOS Genetics. Band11, Nr.4, 21. April 2015, ISSN1553-7404, S.e1005068, doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068, PMID 25898006, PMC 4405460 (freier Volltext): „Göktürks represent the earliest known ethnic unit whereby Turkic peoples appear under the name Turk. Yet, Turkic-speaking peoples appear in written historical sources before that time, namely when Oghuric Turkic-speaking tribes appear in the Northern Pontic steppes in the 5th century, much earlier than the rise of Göktürk Khaganate in the IAH. Thus, the early stages of Turkic dispersal remain poorly understood and our knowledge about their ancient habitat remains a working hypothesis.“
protobulgarians.com
Dimitrov, Dimitar Iliev (Димитров, Димитър Илиев): Proto-Bulgaren an der Nord- und Westküste des Schwarzen Meeres. Varna 1987 (englisch, protobulgarians.com [PDF] bulgarisch: Прабългарите по Северното и Западното Черноморие.).
worldcat.org
A. C. S. Peacock: The Great Seljuk Empire (= The Edinburgh history of the Islamic empires). Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 2015, ISBN 978-0-7486-3825-3, S.39–41 (worldcat.org [abgerufen am 22. April 2024]).
A. C. S. Peacock: The Great Seljuk Empire (= The Edinburgh history of the Islamic empires). Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 2015, ISBN 978-0-7486-3825-3 (worldcat.org [abgerufen am 23. April 2024]).
zdb-katalog.de
Joo-Yup Lee, Shuntu Kuang: A Comparative Analysis of Chinese Historical Sources and y-dna Studies with Regard to the Early and Medieval Turkic Peoples. In: Inner Asia. Band19, Nr.2, 18. Oktober 2017, ISSN2210-5018, S.197–239, doi:10.1163/22105018-12340089 (brill.com [abgerufen am 19. April 2024]): „Both Chinese histories and modern dna studies indicate that the early and medieval Turkic peoples were made up of heterogeneous populations. The Turkicisation of central and western Eurasia was not the product of migrations involving a homogeneous entity, but that of language diffusion.“
Bayazit Yunusbayev, Mait Metspalu, Ene Metspalu, Albert Valeev, Sergei Litvinov, Ruslan Valiev, Vita Akhmetova, Elena Balanovska, Oleg Balanovsky, Shahlo Turdikulova, Dilbar Dalimova, Pagbajabyn Nymadawa, Ardeshir Bahmanimehr, Hovhannes Sahakyan, Kristiina Tambets, Sardana Fedorova, Nikolay Barashkov, Irina Khidiyatova, Evelin Mihailov, Rita Khusainova, Larisa Damba, Miroslava Derenko, Boris Malyarchuk, Ludmila Osipova, Mikhail Voevoda, Levon Yepiskoposyan, Toomas Kivisild, Elza Khusnutdinova, Richard Villems: The Genetic Legacy of the Expansion of Turkic-Speaking Nomads across Eurasia. In: PLOS Genetics. Band11, Nr.4, 21. April 2015, ISSN1553-7404, S.e1005068, doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068, PMID 25898006, PMC 4405460 (freier Volltext): „Previous genetic studies have not identified a clear-cut unifying genetic signal for the Turkic peoples, which lends support for language replacement rather than demic diffusion as the model for the Turkic language’s expansion.“
Bayazit Yunusbayev, Mait Metspalu, Ene Metspalu, Albert Valeev, Sergei Litvinov, Ruslan Valiev, Vita Akhmetova, Elena Balanovska, Oleg Balanovsky, Shahlo Turdikulova, Dilbar Dalimova, Pagbajabyn Nymadawa, Ardeshir Bahmanimehr, Hovhannes Sahakyan, Kristiina Tambets, Sardana Fedorova, Nikolay Barashkov, Irina Khidiyatova, Evelin Mihailov, Rita Khusainova, Larisa Damba, Miroslava Derenko, Boris Malyarchuk, Ludmila Osipova, Mikhail Voevoda, Levon Yepiskoposyan, Toomas Kivisild, Elza Khusnutdinova, Richard Villems: The Genetic Legacy of the Expansion of Turkic-Speaking Nomads across Eurasia. In: PLOS Genetics. Band11, Nr.4, 21. April 2015, ISSN1553-7404, S.e1005068, doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068, PMID 25898006, PMC 4405460 (freier Volltext): „The origin and early dispersal history of the Turkic peoples is disputed, with candidates for their ancient homeland ranging from the Transcaspian steppe to Manchuria in Northeast Asia.“
Bayazit Yunusbayev, Mait Metspalu, Ene Metspalu, Albert Valeev, Sergei Litvinov, Ruslan Valiev, Vita Akhmetova, Elena Balanovska, Oleg Balanovsky, Shahlo Turdikulova, Dilbar Dalimova, Pagbajabyn Nymadawa, Ardeshir Bahmanimehr, Hovhannes Sahakyan, Kristiina Tambets, Sardana Fedorova, Nikolay Barashkov, Irina Khidiyatova, Evelin Mihailov, Rita Khusainova, Larisa Damba, Miroslava Derenko, Boris Malyarchuk, Ludmila Osipova, Mikhail Voevoda, Levon Yepiskoposyan, Toomas Kivisild, Elza Khusnutdinova, Richard Villems: The Genetic Legacy of the Expansion of Turkic-Speaking Nomads across Eurasia. In: PLOS Genetics. Band11, Nr.4, 21. April 2015, ISSN1553-7404, S.e1005068, doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068, PMID 25898006, PMC 4405460 (freier Volltext): „The earliest Turkic ruled polities were centered in what is now Mongolia, northern China, and southern Siberia. Accordingly, this region has been put forward as the point of origin for the dispersal of Turkic-speaking pastoral nomads. We designate it here as an “Inner Asian Homeland” (IAH) and note at least two issues with this working hypothesis. First, the same approximate area was earlier dominated by the Xiongnu Empire (Hsiung-nu) (200 BCE–100 CE) and later by the short-lived Xianbei (Hsien-pi) Confederation (100–200 CE) and Rouran State (aka Juan-juan or Asian Avar) (400–500 CE). These steppe polities were likely established by non-Turkic-speaking peoples and presumably united ethnically diverse tribes.“
Bayazit Yunusbayev, Mait Metspalu, Ene Metspalu, Albert Valeev, Sergei Litvinov, Ruslan Valiev, Vita Akhmetova, Elena Balanovska, Oleg Balanovsky, Shahlo Turdikulova, Dilbar Dalimova, Pagbajabyn Nymadawa, Ardeshir Bahmanimehr, Hovhannes Sahakyan, Kristiina Tambets, Sardana Fedorova, Nikolay Barashkov, Irina Khidiyatova, Evelin Mihailov, Rita Khusainova, Larisa Damba, Miroslava Derenko, Boris Malyarchuk, Ludmila Osipova, Mikhail Voevoda, Levon Yepiskoposyan, Toomas Kivisild, Elza Khusnutdinova, Richard Villems: The Genetic Legacy of the Expansion of Turkic-Speaking Nomads across Eurasia. In: PLOS Genetics. Band11, Nr.4, 21. April 2015, ISSN1553-7404, S.e1005068, doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068, PMID 25898006, PMC 4405460 (freier Volltext): „Göktürks represent the earliest known ethnic unit whereby Turkic peoples appear under the name Turk. Yet, Turkic-speaking peoples appear in written historical sources before that time, namely when Oghuric Turkic-speaking tribes appear in the Northern Pontic steppes in the 5th century, much earlier than the rise of Göktürk Khaganate in the IAH. Thus, the early stages of Turkic dispersal remain poorly understood and our knowledge about their ancient habitat remains a working hypothesis.“
