Zum Beispiel DNa § 3. Rüdiger Schmitt: Die altpersischen Inschriften der Achaimeniden. Editio minor mit deutscher Übersetzung. Reichert, Wiesbaden 2009, S. 102. (Digitalisat) 2. Auflage Wiesbaden 2023. ISBN 978-3-7520-0716-9.
Oswald Szemerényi: Four old Iranian ethnic names: Scythian – Skudra – Sogdian – Saka (= Sitzungsberichte der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Band 371). Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 1980, S. 2051–2093 (Digitalisat); T. Sulimirski: The Scyths. In: Cambridge History of Iran. Band 2, S. 149–199 (LINK);
René Grousset: The empire of the Steppes. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick 1989, S. 19 ff.; Esther Jacbonson: The Art of Scythians. Brill Academic Publishers, Leiden / New York 1995, ISBN 90-04-09856-9, S. 63; James Patrick Mallory: In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language Archeology and Myth. Thames and Hudson, London 1998, S. 51–53; Colin Renfrew: Archeology and Language: The Puzzle of Indo-European origins. Cambridge University Press, New York 1988; Vasily Abaev, Harold Walter Bailey: Alans. In: Encyclopædia Iranica. online ed., 2009; Denis Sinor: Inner Asia: History — Civilization — Languages. Routledge, London 1997, ISBN 0-7007-0896-0, S. 82.
azargoshnasp.net
Oswald Szemerényi: Four old Iranian ethnic names: Scythian – Skudra – Sogdian – Saka (= Sitzungsberichte der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Band 371). Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 1980, S. 2051–2093 (Digitalisat); T. Sulimirski: The Scyths. In: Cambridge History of Iran. Band 2, S. 149–199 (LINK);
René Grousset: The empire of the Steppes. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick 1989, S. 19 ff.; Esther Jacbonson: The Art of Scythians. Brill Academic Publishers, Leiden / New York 1995, ISBN 90-04-09856-9, S. 63; James Patrick Mallory: In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language Archeology and Myth. Thames and Hudson, London 1998, S. 51–53; Colin Renfrew: Archeology and Language: The Puzzle of Indo-European origins. Cambridge University Press, New York 1988; Vasily Abaev, Harold Walter Bailey: Alans. In: Encyclopædia Iranica. online ed., 2009; Denis Sinor: Inner Asia: History — Civilization — Languages. Routledge, London 1997, ISBN 0-7007-0896-0, S. 82.
Guido Alberto Gnecchi-Ruscone u. a.: Ancient genomic time transect from the Central Asian Steppe unravels the history of the Scythians. In: Science Advances. Band7, Nr.13, 26. März 2021, ISSN2375-2548, doi:10.1126/sciadv.abe4414, PMID 33771866 (science.org [abgerufen am 30. April 2024]).
Laura Mary, Vincent Zvénigorosky, Alexey Kovalev, Angéla Gonzalez, Jean-Luc Fausser, Florence Jagorel, Marina Kilunovskaya, Vladimir Semenov, Eric Crubézy, Bertrand Ludes, Christine Keyser: Genetic kinship and admixture in Iron Age Scytho-Siberians. In: Human Genetics. Band138, Nr.4, 1. April 2019, ISSN1432-1203, S.411–423, doi:10.1007/s00439-019-02002-y (springer.com [abgerufen am 30. April 2024]).
Maja Krzewińska u. a.: Ancient genomes suggest the eastern Pontic-Caspian steppe as the source of western Iron Age nomads. In: Science Advances. Band4, Nr.10, 5. Oktober 2018, ISSN2375-2548, doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat4457, PMID 30417088 (science.org [abgerufen am 30. April 2024]).
Perle Guarino-Vignon, Nina Marchi, Julio Bendezu-Sarmiento, Evelyne Heyer, Céline Bon: Genetic continuity of Indo-Iranian speakers since the Iron Age in southern Central Asia. In: Scientific Reports. Band12, Nr.1, 14. Januar 2022, ISSN2045-2322, S.733, doi:10.1038/s41598-021-04144-4, PMID 35031610 (nature.com [abgerufen am 30. April 2024]).
Alexander Savelyev, Choongwon Jeong: Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West. In: Evolutionary Human Sciences. Band2, 7. Mai 2020, ISSN2513-843X, S.e20, E20, doi:10.1017/ehs.2020.18, PMID 35663512, PMC 7612788 (freier Volltext) – (nih.gov [abgerufen am 30. April 2024]): „It is still likely that the Xiongnu included an Eastern Iranian (Saka) component or were at least strongly influenced by the Iranians. It is also arguable that the Xiongnu learned the steppe nomadic model of economy from their Eastern Iranian neighbours (Beckwith, Reference Beckwith2009: 72–73, 404). […] Arguably, these Iranian-speaking groups were assimilated over time by the predominant Turkic-speaking part of the Xiongnu population.“
Choongwon Jeong u. a.: A Dynamic 6,000-Year Genetic History of Eurasia’s Eastern Steppe. In: Cell. Band183, Nr.4, November 2020, ISSN0092-8674, S.890–904.e29, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.015, PMID 33157037: „These latter cultures were part of a broader “Scythian” cultural phenomenon that spread into eastern Kazakhstan and across the Eurasian steppes, and which was related to Saka groups of northern Iran and the Tian Shan mountains. The Saka were an Iranian group broadly associated with the Scythians.“
Oswald Szemerényi: Four old Iranian ethnic names: Scythian – Skudra – Sogdian – Saka (= Sitzungsberichte der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Band 371). Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 1980, S. 2051–2093 (Digitalisat); T. Sulimirski: The Scyths. In: Cambridge History of Iran. Band 2, S. 149–199 (LINK);
René Grousset: The empire of the Steppes. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick 1989, S. 19 ff.; Esther Jacbonson: The Art of Scythians. Brill Academic Publishers, Leiden / New York 1995, ISBN 90-04-09856-9, S. 63; James Patrick Mallory: In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language Archeology and Myth. Thames and Hudson, London 1998, S. 51–53; Colin Renfrew: Archeology and Language: The Puzzle of Indo-European origins. Cambridge University Press, New York 1988; Vasily Abaev, Harold Walter Bailey: Alans. In: Encyclopædia Iranica. online ed., 2009; Denis Sinor: Inner Asia: History — Civilization — Languages. Routledge, London 1997, ISBN 0-7007-0896-0, S. 82.
Perle Guarino-Vignon, Nina Marchi, Julio Bendezu-Sarmiento, Evelyne Heyer, Céline Bon: Genetic continuity of Indo-Iranian speakers since the Iron Age in southern Central Asia. In: Scientific Reports. Band12, Nr.1, 14. Januar 2022, ISSN2045-2322, S.733, doi:10.1038/s41598-021-04144-4, PMID 35031610 (nature.com [abgerufen am 30. April 2024]).
nih.gov
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Guido Alberto Gnecchi-Ruscone u. a.: Ancient genomic time transect from the Central Asian Steppe unravels the history of the Scythians. In: Science Advances. Band7, Nr.13, 26. März 2021, ISSN2375-2548, doi:10.1126/sciadv.abe4414, PMID 33771866 (science.org [abgerufen am 30. April 2024]).
Maja Krzewińska u. a.: Ancient genomes suggest the eastern Pontic-Caspian steppe as the source of western Iron Age nomads. In: Science Advances. Band4, Nr.10, 5. Oktober 2018, ISSN2375-2548, doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat4457, PMID 30417088 (science.org [abgerufen am 30. April 2024]).
Perle Guarino-Vignon, Nina Marchi, Julio Bendezu-Sarmiento, Evelyne Heyer, Céline Bon: Genetic continuity of Indo-Iranian speakers since the Iron Age in southern Central Asia. In: Scientific Reports. Band12, Nr.1, 14. Januar 2022, ISSN2045-2322, S.733, doi:10.1038/s41598-021-04144-4, PMID 35031610 (nature.com [abgerufen am 30. April 2024]).
Alexander Savelyev, Choongwon Jeong: Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West. In: Evolutionary Human Sciences. Band2, 7. Mai 2020, ISSN2513-843X, S.e20, E20, doi:10.1017/ehs.2020.18, PMID 35663512, PMC 7612788 (freier Volltext) – (nih.gov [abgerufen am 30. April 2024]): „It is still likely that the Xiongnu included an Eastern Iranian (Saka) component or were at least strongly influenced by the Iranians. It is also arguable that the Xiongnu learned the steppe nomadic model of economy from their Eastern Iranian neighbours (Beckwith, Reference Beckwith2009: 72–73, 404). […] Arguably, these Iranian-speaking groups were assimilated over time by the predominant Turkic-speaking part of the Xiongnu population.“
Choongwon Jeong u. a.: A Dynamic 6,000-Year Genetic History of Eurasia’s Eastern Steppe. In: Cell. Band183, Nr.4, November 2020, ISSN0092-8674, S.890–904.e29, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.015, PMID 33157037: „These latter cultures were part of a broader “Scythian” cultural phenomenon that spread into eastern Kazakhstan and across the Eurasian steppes, and which was related to Saka groups of northern Iran and the Tian Shan mountains. The Saka were an Iranian group broadly associated with the Scythians.“
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Alexander Savelyev, Choongwon Jeong: Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West. In: Evolutionary Human Sciences. Band2, 7. Mai 2020, ISSN2513-843X, S.e20, E20, doi:10.1017/ehs.2020.18, PMID 35663512, PMC 7612788 (freier Volltext) – (nih.gov [abgerufen am 30. April 2024]): „It is still likely that the Xiongnu included an Eastern Iranian (Saka) component or were at least strongly influenced by the Iranians. It is also arguable that the Xiongnu learned the steppe nomadic model of economy from their Eastern Iranian neighbours (Beckwith, Reference Beckwith2009: 72–73, 404). […] Arguably, these Iranian-speaking groups were assimilated over time by the predominant Turkic-speaking part of the Xiongnu population.“
Guido Alberto Gnecchi-Ruscone u. a.: Ancient genomic time transect from the Central Asian Steppe unravels the history of the Scythians. In: Science Advances. Band7, Nr.13, 26. März 2021, ISSN2375-2548, doi:10.1126/sciadv.abe4414, PMID 33771866 (science.org [abgerufen am 30. April 2024]).
Maja Krzewińska u. a.: Ancient genomes suggest the eastern Pontic-Caspian steppe as the source of western Iron Age nomads. In: Science Advances. Band4, Nr.10, 5. Oktober 2018, ISSN2375-2548, doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat4457, PMID 30417088 (science.org [abgerufen am 30. April 2024]).
Laura Mary, Vincent Zvénigorosky, Alexey Kovalev, Angéla Gonzalez, Jean-Luc Fausser, Florence Jagorel, Marina Kilunovskaya, Vladimir Semenov, Eric Crubézy, Bertrand Ludes, Christine Keyser: Genetic kinship and admixture in Iron Age Scytho-Siberians. In: Human Genetics. Band138, Nr.4, 1. April 2019, ISSN1432-1203, S.411–423, doi:10.1007/s00439-019-02002-y (springer.com [abgerufen am 30. April 2024]).
Guido Alberto Gnecchi-Ruscone u. a.: Ancient genomic time transect from the Central Asian Steppe unravels the history of the Scythians. In: Science Advances. Band7, Nr.13, 26. März 2021, ISSN2375-2548, doi:10.1126/sciadv.abe4414, PMID 33771866 (science.org [abgerufen am 30. April 2024]).
Laura Mary, Vincent Zvénigorosky, Alexey Kovalev, Angéla Gonzalez, Jean-Luc Fausser, Florence Jagorel, Marina Kilunovskaya, Vladimir Semenov, Eric Crubézy, Bertrand Ludes, Christine Keyser: Genetic kinship and admixture in Iron Age Scytho-Siberians. In: Human Genetics. Band138, Nr.4, 1. April 2019, ISSN1432-1203, S.411–423, doi:10.1007/s00439-019-02002-y (springer.com [abgerufen am 30. April 2024]).
Maja Krzewińska u. a.: Ancient genomes suggest the eastern Pontic-Caspian steppe as the source of western Iron Age nomads. In: Science Advances. Band4, Nr.10, 5. Oktober 2018, ISSN2375-2548, doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat4457, PMID 30417088 (science.org [abgerufen am 30. April 2024]).
Perle Guarino-Vignon, Nina Marchi, Julio Bendezu-Sarmiento, Evelyne Heyer, Céline Bon: Genetic continuity of Indo-Iranian speakers since the Iron Age in southern Central Asia. In: Scientific Reports. Band12, Nr.1, 14. Januar 2022, ISSN2045-2322, S.733, doi:10.1038/s41598-021-04144-4, PMID 35031610 (nature.com [abgerufen am 30. April 2024]).
Alexander Savelyev, Choongwon Jeong: Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West. In: Evolutionary Human Sciences. Band2, 7. Mai 2020, ISSN2513-843X, S.e20, E20, doi:10.1017/ehs.2020.18, PMID 35663512, PMC 7612788 (freier Volltext) – (nih.gov [abgerufen am 30. April 2024]): „It is still likely that the Xiongnu included an Eastern Iranian (Saka) component or were at least strongly influenced by the Iranians. It is also arguable that the Xiongnu learned the steppe nomadic model of economy from their Eastern Iranian neighbours (Beckwith, Reference Beckwith2009: 72–73, 404). […] Arguably, these Iranian-speaking groups were assimilated over time by the predominant Turkic-speaking part of the Xiongnu population.“
Choongwon Jeong u. a.: A Dynamic 6,000-Year Genetic History of Eurasia’s Eastern Steppe. In: Cell. Band183, Nr.4, November 2020, ISSN0092-8674, S.890–904.e29, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.015, PMID 33157037: „These latter cultures were part of a broader “Scythian” cultural phenomenon that spread into eastern Kazakhstan and across the Eurasian steppes, and which was related to Saka groups of northern Iran and the Tian Shan mountains. The Saka were an Iranian group broadly associated with the Scythians.“
Askold Ivančik: Une légende sur l’origine des Scythes. In: Revue des études grecques. (Paris) Band 112, 1999, ISSN0035-2039, S. 141–192.