European Energy Markets Monthly - September 2016. (PDF) In: EUROPEAN ENERGY MARKETS MONTHLY. Axpo Trading AG, September 2016, abgerufen am 25. Februar 2018 (englisch): „The Spark spread value is calculated as the power price (Base) minus PSV gas price (converted to lower heating value by multiplying with 1.108), then dividing by an assumed average plant efficiency of 50 %.“
eia.gov
An introduction to spark spreads. In: Today in Energy. U.S. Energy Information Administration, 8. Februar 2013, abgerufen am 25. Februar 2018.
Frank Mastiaux, Thomas Kusterer, Ingo Peter Voigt: Conference call on fiscal year 2012. (PDF) EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG, 1. März 2013, abgerufen am 26. Februar 2018.
platts.com
Andreas Franke: German year-ahead coal-fired power generation margins hit 2017 high. S&P Global Platts, 12. September 2017, abgerufen am 18. Februar 2018 (englisch): „The German year-ahead clean dark spread (CDS) for a 45 % efficienct coal plant rose to Eur 6.85/MWh Monday from Eur 5.63/MWh at the start of August and from below Eur 5/MWh at the start of 2017, the data shows. At the same time, the German year-ahead clean spark spread (CSS) for a 50 % efficient gas-fired plant fell slightly to minus Eur 1.89/MWh, with the spread between modern coal and modern gas plants widening again above Eur 8/MWh.“
uni-muenster.de
wiwi.uni-muenster.de
Emissionshandel. (PDF) European Federation of Energy Traders, abgerufen am 3. September 2016.
