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James Palmer: The Bloody White Baron: The Extraordinary Story of the Russian Nobleman Who Became the Last Khan of Mongolia. Basic Books, 2009, ISBN 978-0-7867-4428-2 (google.de [abgerufen am 28. April 2024]).
J. A. G. Roberts: Warlordism in China. In: Review of African Political Economy. 45/46. Jahrgang, Nr.45/46, 1989, S.26–33, doi:10.1080/03056248908703823, JSTOR:4006008.
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M. Blinov: Chinese Civil War Armies. In: Paris Guide – France in the old photos: famous sights, museums and WW1 – WW2 battlefields. Abgerufen am 14. Juli 2023 (amerikanisches Englisch).