Neil C. Aschliman, Mutsumi Nishida, Masaki Miya, Jun G. Inoue, Kerri M. Rosana, Gavin J.P. Naylord: Body plan convergence in the evolution of skates and rays (Chondrichthyes: Batoidea). In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Band 63, Nr. 1, April 2012, S. 28–42. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.12.012.
Gaitán-Espitia, J.D., Solano-Iguaran, J.J., Tejada-Martinez, D: & Quintero-Galvis, J.F. (2016): Mitogenomics of electric rays: evolutionary considerations within Torpediniformes (Batoidea; Chondrichthyes). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, April 2016. doi:10.1111/zoj.12417