Song, M.; Finkelstein, S. L.; Livermore, R. C.; Capak, P. L.; Dickinson, M.; Fontana, A. (2016). «Keck/MOSFIRE Spectroscopy of z = 7-8 Galaxies: Lyman-alpha Emission from a Galaxy at z = 7,66». arXiv:1602.02160 [astro-ph.GA].
"The First 50 Years At Palomar: 1949–1999 ; The Early Years of Stellar Evolution, Cosmology, and High-Energy Astrophysics'; 5.2.1. The Mount Wilson Years ; Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 1999. 37: 445-486
Harper's New Monthly Magazine, "Some Talks of an Astronomer", Simon Newcomb, Volume 0049 Issue 294 (November 1874), pp.827 (accessed 2009-Nov-11)
doi.org
dx.doi.org
P. A. Oesch, G. Brammer, P. G. van Dokkum, G. D. Illingworth, R. J. Bouwens, I. Labbe, M. Franx, I. Momcheva, M. L. N. Ashby, G. G. Fazio, V. Gonzalez, B. Holden, D. Magee, R. E. Skelton, R. Smit, L. R. Spitler, M. Trenti, S. P. Willner (2016). «A Remarkably Luminous Galaxy at z = 11,1 Measured with Hubble Space Telescope Grism Spectroscopy». The Astrophysical Journal819 (2): 129. doi:10,3847/0004-637X/819/2/129. Bibcode: 2016ApJ...819..129O.
Adi Zitrin, Ivo Labbe, Sirio Belli, Rychard Bouwens, Richard S. Ellis, Guido Roberts-Borsani, Daniel P. Stark, Pascal A. Oesch, Renske Smit (2015). «Lyman-alpha Emission from a Luminous z = 8,68 Galaxy: Implications for Galaxies as Tracers of Cosmic Reionization». The Astrophysical Journal810: L12. doi:10,1088/2041-8205/810/1/L12. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...810L..12Z.
Tanvir, N. R.; Fox, D. B.; Levan, A. J.; Berger, E.; Wiersema, K.; Fynbo, J. P. U.; Cucchiara, A.; Krühler, T. και άλλοι. (2009). «A gamma-ray burst at a redshift of z~8.2». Nature461 (7268): 1254. doi:10,1038/nature08459. PMID19865165. Bibcode: 2009Natur.461.1254T.
P. A. Oesch, P. G. van Dokkum, G. D. Illingworth, R. J. Bouwens, I. Momcheva, B. Holden, G. W. Roberts-Borsani, R. Smit, M. Franx, I. Labbe, V. Gonzalez, D. Magee (2015). «A Spectroscopic Redshift Measurement for a Luminous Lyman Break Galaxy at z = 7,730 using Keck/MOSFIRE». The Astrophysical Journal804 (2): L30. doi:10,1088/2041-8205/804/2/L30. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...804L..30O.
S. L. Finkelstein, C. Papovich, M. Dickinson, M. Song, V. Tilvi, A. M. Koekemoer, K. D. Finkelstein, B. Mobasher, H. C. Ferguson, M. Giavalisco, N. Reddy, M. L. N. Ashby, A. Dekel, G. G. Fazio, A. Fontana, N. A. Grogin, J.-S. Huang, D. Kocevski, M. Rafelski, B. J. Weiner, S. P. Willner (2013). «A galaxy rapidly forming stars 700 million years after the Big Bang at redshift 7.51». Nature502 (7472): 524–527. doi:10,1038/nature12657. PMID24153304. Bibcode: 2013Natur.502..524F.
Watson, Darach; Christensen, Lise; Knudsen, Kirsten Kraiberg; Richard, Johan; Gallazzi, Anna; Michałowski, Michał Jerzy (2015). «A dusty, normal galaxy in the epoch of reionization». Nature519 (7543): 327–330. doi:10,1038/nature14164. PMID25731171. Bibcode: 2015Natur.519..327W.
Fontana, A.; Vanzella, E.; Pentericci, L.; Castellano, M.; Giavalisco, M.; Grazian, A.; Boutsia, K.; Cristiani, S. και άλλοι. (2010). «The lack of intense Lyman~alpha in ultradeep spectra of z = 7 candidates in GOODS-S: Imprint of reionization?». The Astrophysical Journal725 (2): L205. doi:10,1088/2041-8205/725/2/L205. Bibcode: 2010ApJ...725L.205F.
Ono, Yoshiaki; Ouchi, Masami; Mobasher, Bahram; Dickinson, Mark; Penner, Kyle; Shimasaku, Kazuhiro; Weiner, Benjamin J.; Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S. και άλλοι. (2011). «Spectroscopic Confirmation of Three z-Dropout Galaxies at z = 6,844 – 7.213: Demographics of Lyman-Alpha Emission in z ~ 7 Galaxies». The Astrophysical Journal744 (2): 83. doi:10,1088/0004-637X/744/2/83. Bibcode: 2012ApJ...744...83O.
Rhoads, James E.; Hibon, Pascale; Malhotra, Sangeeta; Cooper, Michael; Weiner, Benjamin (2012). «A Lyman Alpha Galaxy at Redshift z = 6,944 in the COSMOS Field». The Astrophysical Journal752 (2): L28. doi:10,1088/2041-8205/752/2/L28. Bibcode: 2012ApJ...752L..28R.
Brammer, Gabriel B.; Van Dokkum, Pieter G.; Illingworth, Garth D.; Bouwens, Rychard J.; Labbé, Ivo; Franx, Marijn; Momcheva, Ivelina; Oesch, Pascal A. (2013). «A Tentative Detection of an Emission Line at 1.6 mum for the z ~ 12 Candidate». The Astrophysical Journal Letters765: L2. doi:10,1088/2041-8205/765/1/L2. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...765L...2B.
Bouwens, R. J.; Oesch, P. A.; Illingworth, G. D.; Labbé, I.; Van Dokkum, P. G.; Brammer, G.; Magee, D.; Spitler, L. R. και άλλοι. (2013). «Photometric Constraints on the Redshift of z ~ 10 Candidate UDFj-39546284 from D». The Astrophysical Journal Letters765: L16. doi:10,1088/2041-8205/765/1/L16. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...765L..16B.
Zitrin, Adi; Zheng, Wei; Broadhurst, Tom; Moustakas, John; Lam, Daniel; Shu, Xinwen; Huang, Xingxing; Diego, Jose M. και άλλοι. (2014). «A GEOMETRICALLY SUPPORTED z ∼ 10 CANDIDATE MULTIPLY IMAGED BY THE HUBBLE FRONTIER FIELDS CLUSTER A2744». The Astrophysical Journal793: L12. doi:10,1088/2041-8205/793/1/L12. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...793L..12Z.
Zheng, W.; Postman, M.; Zitrin, A.; Moustakas, J.; Shu, X.; Jouvel, S.; Høst, O.; Molino, A. και άλλοι. (2012). «A magnified young galaxy from about 500 million years after the Big Bang». Nature489 (7416): 406–408. doi:10,1038/nature11446. PMID22996554. Bibcode: 2012Natur.489..406Z.
Bunker, Andrew J.; Caruana, Joseph; Wilkins, Stephen M.; Stanway, Elizabeth R.; Lorenzoni, Silvio; Lacy, Mark; Jarvis, Matt J.; Hickey, Samantha (2013). «VLT/XSHOOTER and Subaru/MOIRCS spectroscopy of HUDF.YD3: no evidence for Lyman &». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society430 (4): 3314. doi:10,1093/mnras/stt132. Bibcode: 2013MNRAS.430.3314B.
Trenti, M.; Bradley, L. D.; Stiavelli, M.; Shull, J. M.; Oesch, P.; Bouwens, R. J.; Munoz, J. A.; Romano-Diaz, E. και άλλοι. (2011). «Overdensities of Y-dropout Galaxies from the Brightest-of-Reionizing Galaxies Su». The Astrophysical Journal746: 55. doi:10,1088/0004-637X/746/1/55. Bibcode: 2012ApJ...746...55T.
Wang, Tao; Elbaz, David; Daddi, Emanuele; Finoguenov, Alexis; Liu, Daizhong; Schrieber, Corenin; Martin, Sergio; Strazzullo, Veronica και άλλοι. (2016). «Discovery of a galaxy cluster with a violently starbursting core at z=2.506». The Astrophysical Journal828 (1): 56. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/828/1/56.
Schild, R.E. (1996). «Microlensing Variability of the Gravitationally Lensed Quasar Q0957+561 A,B». Astrophysical Journal464: 125. doi:10.1086/177304. Bibcode: 1996ApJ...464..125S.
Cooke, Jeff; Sullivan, Mark; Gal-Yam, Avishay; Barton, Elizabeth J.; Carlberg, Raymond G.; Ryan-Weber, Emma V.; Horst, Chuck; Omori, Yuuki και άλλοι. (2012). «Superluminous supernovae at redshifts of 2.05 and 3.90». Nature491 (7423): 228. doi:10.1038/nature11521. PMID23123848. Bibcode: 2012Natur.491..228C.
Hinshaw, G.; Weiland, J. L.; Hill, R. S.; Odegard, N.; Larson, D.; Bennett, C. L.; Dunkley, J.; Gold, B.; Greason, M. R.; Jarosik, N.; Komatsu, E.; Nolta, M. R.; Page, L.; Spergel, D. N.; Wollack, E.; Halpern, M.; Kogut, A.; Limon, M.; Meyer, S. S.; Tucker, G. S.; Wright, E. L. (2009). «Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe Observations: Data Processing, Sky Maps, and Basic Results». Astrophysical Journal Supplement180 (2): 225–245. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/180/2/225. Bibcode: 2009ApJS..180..225H.
Iye, M; Ota, K; Kashikawa, N; Furusawa, H; Hashimoto, T; Hattori, T; Matsuda, Y; Morokuma, T και άλλοι. (2006). «A galaxy at a redshift z = 6,96». Nature443 (7108): 186–8. doi:10.1038/nature05104. PMID16971942. Bibcode: 2006Natur.443..186I.
Taniguchi, Yoshi (23 June 2008). «Star Forming Galaxies at z > 5». Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union3 (S250). doi:10.1017/S1743921308020796.
Kodaira, K.; Taniguchi, Y.; Kashikawa, N.; Kaifu, N.; Ando, H.; Karoji, H.; Ajiki, Masaru; Akiyama, Masayuki και άλλοι. (2003). «The Discovery of Two Lyman$α$ Emitters Beyond Redshift 6 in the Subaru Deep Field». Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan55 (2): L17. doi:10.1093/pasj/55.2.L17.
The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 568:L75–L79, April 1, 2002 ;A Redshift z = 6,56 Galaxy behind the Cluster Abell 370; doi:10.1086/340424
Pentericci, L.; Fan, X.; Rix, H. W.; Strauss, M. A.; Narayanan, V. K.; Richards, G T.; Schneider, D. P.; Krolik, J. και άλλοι. (2001). «VLT observations of the z = 6,28 quasar SDSS 1030+0524». The Astronomical Journal123 (5): 2151. doi:10.1086/340077. Bibcode: 2002AJ....123.2151P.
Farrah, D.; Priddey, R.; Wilman, R.; Haehnelt, M.; McMahon, R. (2004). «The X-Ray Spectrum of thez = 6.30 QSO SDSS J1030+0524». The Astrophysical Journal611: L13. doi:10.1086/423669. Bibcode: 2004ApJ...611L..13F.
Dey, Arjun; Spinrad, Hyron; Stern, Daniel; Graham, James R.; Chaffee, Frederic H. (1998). «A Galaxy at z = 5,34». The Astrophysical Journal498 (2): L93. doi:10.1086/311331. Bibcode: 1998ApJ...498L..93D.
Franx, Marijn; Illingworth, Garth D.; Kelson, Daniel D.; Van Dokkum, Pieter G.; Tran, Kim-Vy (1997). «A Pair of Lensed Galaxies at [CLC][ITAL]z[/ITAL][/CLC]=4.92 in the Field of CL 1358+62». The Astrophysical Journal486 (2): L75. doi:10.1086/310844. Bibcode: 1997ApJ...486L..75F.
Smith, J. D.; Djorgovski, S.; Thompson, D.; Brisken, W. F.; Neugebauer, G.; Matthews, K.; Meylan, G.; Piotto, G. και άλλοι. (1994). «Multicolor detection of high-redshift quasars, 2: Five objects with Z greater than or approximately equal to 4». The Astronomical Journal108: 1147. doi:10.1086/117143. Bibcode: 1994AJ....108.1147S.
Warren, S. J.; Hewett, P. C.; Osmer, P. S.; Irwin, M. J. (1987). «Quasars of redshift z = 4,43 and z = 4,07 in the South Galactic Pole field». Nature330 (6147): 453. doi:10.1038/330453a0. Bibcode: 1987Natur.330..453W.
Schmidt, Maarten; Schneider, Donald P.; Gunn, James E. (1987). «PC 0910 + 5625 - an optically selected quasar with a redshift of 4.04». Astrophysical Journal321: L7. doi:10.1086/184996. Bibcode: 1987ApJ...321L...7S.
Warren, S. J.; Hewett, P. C.; Irwin, M. J.; McMahon, R. G.; Bridgeland, M. T.; Bunclark, P. S.; Kibblewhite, E. J. (1987). «First observation of a quasar with a redshift of 4». Nature325 (6100): 131. doi:10.1038/325131a0. Bibcode: 1987Natur.325..131W.
Bahcall, John N.; Oke, J. B. (1971). «Some Inferences from Spectrophotometry of Quasi-Stellar Sources». Astrophysical Journal163: 235. doi:10.1086/150762. Bibcode: 1971ApJ...163..235B.
Burbidge, Geoffrey (1968). «The Distribution of Redshifts in Quasi-Stellar Objects, N-Systems and Some Radio and Compact Galaxies». Astrophysical Journal154: L41. doi:10.1086/180265. Bibcode: 1968ApJ...154L..41B.
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P. A. Oesch, G. Brammer, P. G. van Dokkum, G. D. Illingworth, R. J. Bouwens, I. Labbe, M. Franx, I. Momcheva, M. L. N. Ashby, G. G. Fazio, V. Gonzalez, B. Holden, D. Magee, R. E. Skelton, R. Smit, L. R. Spitler, M. Trenti, S. P. Willner (2016). «A Remarkably Luminous Galaxy at z = 11,1 Measured with Hubble Space Telescope Grism Spectroscopy». The Astrophysical Journal819 (2): 129. doi:10,3847/0004-637X/819/2/129. Bibcode: 2016ApJ...819..129O.
Adi Zitrin, Ivo Labbe, Sirio Belli, Rychard Bouwens, Richard S. Ellis, Guido Roberts-Borsani, Daniel P. Stark, Pascal A. Oesch, Renske Smit (2015). «Lyman-alpha Emission from a Luminous z = 8,68 Galaxy: Implications for Galaxies as Tracers of Cosmic Reionization». The Astrophysical Journal810: L12. doi:10,1088/2041-8205/810/1/L12. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...810L..12Z.
Tanvir, N. R.; Fox, D. B.; Levan, A. J.; Berger, E.; Wiersema, K.; Fynbo, J. P. U.; Cucchiara, A.; Krühler, T. και άλλοι. (2009). «A gamma-ray burst at a redshift of z~8.2». Nature461 (7268): 1254. doi:10,1038/nature08459. PMID19865165. Bibcode: 2009Natur.461.1254T.
P. A. Oesch, P. G. van Dokkum, G. D. Illingworth, R. J. Bouwens, I. Momcheva, B. Holden, G. W. Roberts-Borsani, R. Smit, M. Franx, I. Labbe, V. Gonzalez, D. Magee (2015). «A Spectroscopic Redshift Measurement for a Luminous Lyman Break Galaxy at z = 7,730 using Keck/MOSFIRE». The Astrophysical Journal804 (2): L30. doi:10,1088/2041-8205/804/2/L30. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...804L..30O.
S. L. Finkelstein, C. Papovich, M. Dickinson, M. Song, V. Tilvi, A. M. Koekemoer, K. D. Finkelstein, B. Mobasher, H. C. Ferguson, M. Giavalisco, N. Reddy, M. L. N. Ashby, A. Dekel, G. G. Fazio, A. Fontana, N. A. Grogin, J.-S. Huang, D. Kocevski, M. Rafelski, B. J. Weiner, S. P. Willner (2013). «A galaxy rapidly forming stars 700 million years after the Big Bang at redshift 7.51». Nature502 (7472): 524–527. doi:10,1038/nature12657. PMID24153304. Bibcode: 2013Natur.502..524F.
Watson, Darach; Christensen, Lise; Knudsen, Kirsten Kraiberg; Richard, Johan; Gallazzi, Anna; Michałowski, Michał Jerzy (2015). «A dusty, normal galaxy in the epoch of reionization». Nature519 (7543): 327–330. doi:10,1038/nature14164. PMID25731171. Bibcode: 2015Natur.519..327W.
Fontana, A.; Vanzella, E.; Pentericci, L.; Castellano, M.; Giavalisco, M.; Grazian, A.; Boutsia, K.; Cristiani, S. και άλλοι. (2010). «The lack of intense Lyman~alpha in ultradeep spectra of z = 7 candidates in GOODS-S: Imprint of reionization?». The Astrophysical Journal725 (2): L205. doi:10,1088/2041-8205/725/2/L205. Bibcode: 2010ApJ...725L.205F.
Ono, Yoshiaki; Ouchi, Masami; Mobasher, Bahram; Dickinson, Mark; Penner, Kyle; Shimasaku, Kazuhiro; Weiner, Benjamin J.; Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S. και άλλοι. (2011). «Spectroscopic Confirmation of Three z-Dropout Galaxies at z = 6,844 – 7.213: Demographics of Lyman-Alpha Emission in z ~ 7 Galaxies». The Astrophysical Journal744 (2): 83. doi:10,1088/0004-637X/744/2/83. Bibcode: 2012ApJ...744...83O.
Rhoads, James E.; Hibon, Pascale; Malhotra, Sangeeta; Cooper, Michael; Weiner, Benjamin (2012). «A Lyman Alpha Galaxy at Redshift z = 6,944 in the COSMOS Field». The Astrophysical Journal752 (2): L28. doi:10,1088/2041-8205/752/2/L28. Bibcode: 2012ApJ...752L..28R.
Brammer, Gabriel B.; Van Dokkum, Pieter G.; Illingworth, Garth D.; Bouwens, Rychard J.; Labbé, Ivo; Franx, Marijn; Momcheva, Ivelina; Oesch, Pascal A. (2013). «A Tentative Detection of an Emission Line at 1.6 mum for the z ~ 12 Candidate». The Astrophysical Journal Letters765: L2. doi:10,1088/2041-8205/765/1/L2. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...765L...2B.
Bouwens, R. J.; Oesch, P. A.; Illingworth, G. D.; Labbé, I.; Van Dokkum, P. G.; Brammer, G.; Magee, D.; Spitler, L. R. και άλλοι. (2013). «Photometric Constraints on the Redshift of z ~ 10 Candidate UDFj-39546284 from D». The Astrophysical Journal Letters765: L16. doi:10,1088/2041-8205/765/1/L16. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...765L..16B.
Zitrin, Adi; Zheng, Wei; Broadhurst, Tom; Moustakas, John; Lam, Daniel; Shu, Xinwen; Huang, Xingxing; Diego, Jose M. και άλλοι. (2014). «A GEOMETRICALLY SUPPORTED z ∼ 10 CANDIDATE MULTIPLY IMAGED BY THE HUBBLE FRONTIER FIELDS CLUSTER A2744». The Astrophysical Journal793: L12. doi:10,1088/2041-8205/793/1/L12. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...793L..12Z.
Zheng, W.; Postman, M.; Zitrin, A.; Moustakas, J.; Shu, X.; Jouvel, S.; Høst, O.; Molino, A. και άλλοι. (2012). «A magnified young galaxy from about 500 million years after the Big Bang». Nature489 (7416): 406–408. doi:10,1038/nature11446. PMID22996554. Bibcode: 2012Natur.489..406Z.
Bunker, Andrew J.; Caruana, Joseph; Wilkins, Stephen M.; Stanway, Elizabeth R.; Lorenzoni, Silvio; Lacy, Mark; Jarvis, Matt J.; Hickey, Samantha (2013). «VLT/XSHOOTER and Subaru/MOIRCS spectroscopy of HUDF.YD3: no evidence for Lyman &». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society430 (4): 3314. doi:10,1093/mnras/stt132. Bibcode: 2013MNRAS.430.3314B.
Trenti, M.; Bradley, L. D.; Stiavelli, M.; Shull, J. M.; Oesch, P.; Bouwens, R. J.; Munoz, J. A.; Romano-Diaz, E. και άλλοι. (2011). «Overdensities of Y-dropout Galaxies from the Brightest-of-Reionizing Galaxies Su». The Astrophysical Journal746: 55. doi:10,1088/0004-637X/746/1/55. Bibcode: 2012ApJ...746...55T.
Schild, R.E. (1996). «Microlensing Variability of the Gravitationally Lensed Quasar Q0957+561 A,B». Astrophysical Journal464: 125. doi:10.1086/177304. Bibcode: 1996ApJ...464..125S.
Cooke, Jeff; Sullivan, Mark; Gal-Yam, Avishay; Barton, Elizabeth J.; Carlberg, Raymond G.; Ryan-Weber, Emma V.; Horst, Chuck; Omori, Yuuki και άλλοι. (2012). «Superluminous supernovae at redshifts of 2.05 and 3.90». Nature491 (7423): 228. doi:10.1038/nature11521. PMID23123848. Bibcode: 2012Natur.491..228C.
Hinshaw, G.; Weiland, J. L.; Hill, R. S.; Odegard, N.; Larson, D.; Bennett, C. L.; Dunkley, J.; Gold, B.; Greason, M. R.; Jarosik, N.; Komatsu, E.; Nolta, M. R.; Page, L.; Spergel, D. N.; Wollack, E.; Halpern, M.; Kogut, A.; Limon, M.; Meyer, S. S.; Tucker, G. S.; Wright, E. L. (2009). «Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe Observations: Data Processing, Sky Maps, and Basic Results». Astrophysical Journal Supplement180 (2): 225–245. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/180/2/225. Bibcode: 2009ApJS..180..225H.
Iye, M; Ota, K; Kashikawa, N; Furusawa, H; Hashimoto, T; Hattori, T; Matsuda, Y; Morokuma, T και άλλοι. (2006). «A galaxy at a redshift z = 6,96». Nature443 (7108): 186–8. doi:10.1038/nature05104. PMID16971942. Bibcode: 2006Natur.443..186I.
Pentericci, L.; Fan, X.; Rix, H. W.; Strauss, M. A.; Narayanan, V. K.; Richards, G T.; Schneider, D. P.; Krolik, J. και άλλοι. (2001). «VLT observations of the z = 6,28 quasar SDSS 1030+0524». The Astronomical Journal123 (5): 2151. doi:10.1086/340077. Bibcode: 2002AJ....123.2151P.
Farrah, D.; Priddey, R.; Wilman, R.; Haehnelt, M.; McMahon, R. (2004). «The X-Ray Spectrum of thez = 6.30 QSO SDSS J1030+0524». The Astrophysical Journal611: L13. doi:10.1086/423669. Bibcode: 2004ApJ...611L..13F.
Dey, Arjun; Spinrad, Hyron; Stern, Daniel; Graham, James R.; Chaffee, Frederic H. (1998). «A Galaxy at z = 5,34». The Astrophysical Journal498 (2): L93. doi:10.1086/311331. Bibcode: 1998ApJ...498L..93D.
Franx, Marijn; Illingworth, Garth D.; Kelson, Daniel D.; Van Dokkum, Pieter G.; Tran, Kim-Vy (1997). «A Pair of Lensed Galaxies at [CLC][ITAL]z[/ITAL][/CLC]=4.92 in the Field of CL 1358+62». The Astrophysical Journal486 (2): L75. doi:10.1086/310844. Bibcode: 1997ApJ...486L..75F.
Smith, J. D.; Djorgovski, S.; Thompson, D.; Brisken, W. F.; Neugebauer, G.; Matthews, K.; Meylan, G.; Piotto, G. και άλλοι. (1994). «Multicolor detection of high-redshift quasars, 2: Five objects with Z greater than or approximately equal to 4». The Astronomical Journal108: 1147. doi:10.1086/117143. Bibcode: 1994AJ....108.1147S.
Warren, S. J.; Hewett, P. C.; Osmer, P. S.; Irwin, M. J. (1987). «Quasars of redshift z = 4,43 and z = 4,07 in the South Galactic Pole field». Nature330 (6147): 453. doi:10.1038/330453a0. Bibcode: 1987Natur.330..453W.
Schmidt, Maarten; Schneider, Donald P.; Gunn, James E. (1987). «PC 0910 + 5625 - an optically selected quasar with a redshift of 4.04». Astrophysical Journal321: L7. doi:10.1086/184996. Bibcode: 1987ApJ...321L...7S.
Warren, S. J.; Hewett, P. C.; Irwin, M. J.; McMahon, R. G.; Bridgeland, M. T.; Bunclark, P. S.; Kibblewhite, E. J. (1987). «First observation of a quasar with a redshift of 4». Nature325 (6100): 131. doi:10.1038/325131a0. Bibcode: 1987Natur.325..131W.
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