Fujishige, Satoru (1984), «A System of Linear inequalities with a Submodular Function on (0, ±1) Vectors», Linear Algebra and Its Applications63: 253–266, doi:10.1016/0024-3795(84)90147-2
The term was coined by Claude Berge, see Hoffman, A.J.; Kruskal, J. (2010), «Introduction to Integral Boundary Points of Convex Polyhedra», στο: M. Jünger, επιμ., 50 Years of Integer Programming, 1958-2008, Springer-Verlag, σελ. 49–50
Heller, I.; Tompkins, C.B. (1956), «An Extension of a Theorem of Dantzig's», στο: Kuhn, H.W.; Tucker, A.W., επιμ., Linear Inequalities and Related Systems, Annals of Mathematics Studies, 38, Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press, σελ. 247–254
Hoffman, A.J.; Kruskal, J.B. (1956), «Integral Boundary Points of Convex Polyhedra», στο: Kuhn, H.W.; Tucker, A.W., επιμ., Linear Inequalities and Related Systems, Annals of Mathematics Studies, 38, Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press, σελ. 223–246