Rand, Richard J.; Wallin, John F. (2004). «Pattern Speeds BIMA-SONG Galaxies with Molecule-Dominated ISMs Using the Tremaine-Weinberg Method». The Astrophysical Journal614: 142–157. doi:10.1086/423423. Bibcode: 2004ApJ...614..142R.
Conselice, Christopher J.; O'Neil, Karen; Gallagher, John S.; Wyse, Rosemary F. G. (2003-07-01). «Galaxy Populations and Evolution in Clusters. IV. Deep H I Observations of Dwarf Elliptical Galaxies in the Virgo Cluster». The Astrophysical Journal591 (1): 167–184. doi:10.1086/375216. ISSN0004-637X. Bibcode: 2003ApJ...591..167C.
Koleva, Mina; Bouchard, Antoine; Prugniel, Philippe; De Rijcke, Sven; Vauglin, Isabelle (2013-02-01). «The transmutation of dwarf galaxies: stellar populations». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society428 (4): 2949–2965. doi:10.1093/mnras/sts238. ISSN0035-8711. Bibcode: 2013MNRAS.428.2949K.
Kendall, S.; Kennicutt, R. C.; Clarke, C. (2011-06-11). «Spiral structure in nearby galaxies - I. Sample, data analysis and overview of results: Spiral structure in nearby galaxies - I» (στα αγγλικά). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society414 (1): 538–564. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18422.x.
Wilson, C. D.; Warren, B. E.; Israel, F. P.; Serjeant, S.; Bendo, G.; Brinks, E.; Clements, D.; Courteau, S. και άλλοι. (2009-03-10). «The James Clerk Maxwell Telescope Nearby Galaxies Legacy Survey. I. Star-Forming Molecular Gas in Virgo Cluster Spiral Galaxies». The Astrophysical Journal693 (2): 1736–1748. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1736. ISSN0004-637X. Bibcode: 2009ApJ...693.1736W.
Chung, Aeree; van Gorkom, J. H.; Kenney, Jeffrey D. P.; Crowl, Hugh; Vollmer, Bernd (2009-12-01). «Vla Imaging of Virgo Spirals in Atomic Gas (Viva). I. The Atlas and the H I Properties». The Astronomical Journal138 (6): 1741–1816. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/138/6/1741. ISSN0004-6256. Bibcode: 2009AJ....138.1741C.
Knapen, J. H.; Beckman, J. E.; Heller, C. H.; Shlosman, I.; de Jong, R. S. (December 1995). «The Central Region in M100: Observations and Modeling» (στα αγγλικά). The Astrophysical Journal454: 623–642. doi:10.1086/176516. ISSN0004-637X. Bibcode: 1995ApJ...454..623K.
Knapen, Johan H.; Cepa, Jordi; Beckman, John E.; Soledad del Rio, M.; Pedlar, Alan (October 1993). «Star Formation in the Spiral Arms of NGC 4321. II. H i Distribution and Kinematics» (στα αγγλικά). The Astrophysical Journal416: 563. doi:10.1086/173258. ISSN0004-637X. Bibcode: 1993ApJ...416..563K.
Hernandez, Olivier; Wozniak, Herve; Carignan, Claude; Amram, Philippe; Chemin, Laurent; Daigle, Olivier (2005-10-10). «On the Relevance of the Tremaine‐Weinberg Method Applied to an Hα Velocity Field: Pattern Speed Determination in M100 (NGC 4321)» (στα αγγλικά). The Astrophysical Journal632 (1): 253–265. doi:10.1086/431964. ISSN0004-637X. Bibcode: 2005ApJ...632..253H.
Rand, Richard J.; Wallin, John F. (2004). «Pattern Speeds BIMA-SONG Galaxies with Molecule-Dominated ISMs Using the Tremaine-Weinberg Method». The Astrophysical Journal614: 142–157. doi:10.1086/423423. Bibcode: 2004ApJ...614..142R.
Conselice, Christopher J.; O'Neil, Karen; Gallagher, John S.; Wyse, Rosemary F. G. (2003-07-01). «Galaxy Populations and Evolution in Clusters. IV. Deep H I Observations of Dwarf Elliptical Galaxies in the Virgo Cluster». The Astrophysical Journal591 (1): 167–184. doi:10.1086/375216. ISSN0004-637X. Bibcode: 2003ApJ...591..167C.
Koleva, Mina; Bouchard, Antoine; Prugniel, Philippe; De Rijcke, Sven; Vauglin, Isabelle (2013-02-01). «The transmutation of dwarf galaxies: stellar populations». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society428 (4): 2949–2965. doi:10.1093/mnras/sts238. ISSN0035-8711. Bibcode: 2013MNRAS.428.2949K.
Wilson, C. D.; Warren, B. E.; Israel, F. P.; Serjeant, S.; Bendo, G.; Brinks, E.; Clements, D.; Courteau, S. και άλλοι. (2009-03-10). «The James Clerk Maxwell Telescope Nearby Galaxies Legacy Survey. I. Star-Forming Molecular Gas in Virgo Cluster Spiral Galaxies». The Astrophysical Journal693 (2): 1736–1748. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1736. ISSN0004-637X. Bibcode: 2009ApJ...693.1736W.
Chung, Aeree; van Gorkom, J. H.; Kenney, Jeffrey D. P.; Crowl, Hugh; Vollmer, Bernd (2009-12-01). «Vla Imaging of Virgo Spirals in Atomic Gas (Viva). I. The Atlas and the H I Properties». The Astronomical Journal138 (6): 1741–1816. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/138/6/1741. ISSN0004-6256. Bibcode: 2009AJ....138.1741C.
Knapen, J. H.; Beckman, J. E.; Heller, C. H.; Shlosman, I.; de Jong, R. S. (December 1995). «The Central Region in M100: Observations and Modeling» (στα αγγλικά). The Astrophysical Journal454: 623–642. doi:10.1086/176516. ISSN0004-637X. Bibcode: 1995ApJ...454..623K.
Knapen, Johan H.; Cepa, Jordi; Beckman, John E.; Soledad del Rio, M.; Pedlar, Alan (October 1993). «Star Formation in the Spiral Arms of NGC 4321. II. H i Distribution and Kinematics» (στα αγγλικά). The Astrophysical Journal416: 563. doi:10.1086/173258. ISSN0004-637X. Bibcode: 1993ApJ...416..563K.
Hernandez, Olivier; Wozniak, Herve; Carignan, Claude; Amram, Philippe; Chemin, Laurent; Daigle, Olivier (2005-10-10). «On the Relevance of the Tremaine‐Weinberg Method Applied to an Hα Velocity Field: Pattern Speed Determination in M100 (NGC 4321)» (στα αγγλικά). The Astrophysical Journal632 (1): 253–265. doi:10.1086/431964. ISSN0004-637X. Bibcode: 2005ApJ...632..253H.
Conselice, Christopher J.; O'Neil, Karen; Gallagher, John S.; Wyse, Rosemary F. G. (2003-07-01). «Galaxy Populations and Evolution in Clusters. IV. Deep H I Observations of Dwarf Elliptical Galaxies in the Virgo Cluster». The Astrophysical Journal591 (1): 167–184. doi:10.1086/375216. ISSN0004-637X. Bibcode: 2003ApJ...591..167C.
Koleva, Mina; Bouchard, Antoine; Prugniel, Philippe; De Rijcke, Sven; Vauglin, Isabelle (2013-02-01). «The transmutation of dwarf galaxies: stellar populations». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society428 (4): 2949–2965. doi:10.1093/mnras/sts238. ISSN0035-8711. Bibcode: 2013MNRAS.428.2949K.
Wilson, C. D.; Warren, B. E.; Israel, F. P.; Serjeant, S.; Bendo, G.; Brinks, E.; Clements, D.; Courteau, S. και άλλοι. (2009-03-10). «The James Clerk Maxwell Telescope Nearby Galaxies Legacy Survey. I. Star-Forming Molecular Gas in Virgo Cluster Spiral Galaxies». The Astrophysical Journal693 (2): 1736–1748. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1736. ISSN0004-637X. Bibcode: 2009ApJ...693.1736W.
Chung, Aeree; van Gorkom, J. H.; Kenney, Jeffrey D. P.; Crowl, Hugh; Vollmer, Bernd (2009-12-01). «Vla Imaging of Virgo Spirals in Atomic Gas (Viva). I. The Atlas and the H I Properties». The Astronomical Journal138 (6): 1741–1816. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/138/6/1741. ISSN0004-6256. Bibcode: 2009AJ....138.1741C.
Knapen, J. H.; Beckman, J. E.; Heller, C. H.; Shlosman, I.; de Jong, R. S. (December 1995). «The Central Region in M100: Observations and Modeling» (στα αγγλικά). The Astrophysical Journal454: 623–642. doi:10.1086/176516. ISSN0004-637X. Bibcode: 1995ApJ...454..623K.
Knapen, Johan H.; Cepa, Jordi; Beckman, John E.; Soledad del Rio, M.; Pedlar, Alan (October 1993). «Star Formation in the Spiral Arms of NGC 4321. II. H i Distribution and Kinematics» (στα αγγλικά). The Astrophysical Journal416: 563. doi:10.1086/173258. ISSN0004-637X. Bibcode: 1993ApJ...416..563K.
Hernandez, Olivier; Wozniak, Herve; Carignan, Claude; Amram, Philippe; Chemin, Laurent; Daigle, Olivier (2005-10-10). «On the Relevance of the Tremaine‐Weinberg Method Applied to an Hα Velocity Field: Pattern Speed Determination in M100 (NGC 4321)» (στα αγγλικά). The Astrophysical Journal632 (1): 253–265. doi:10.1086/431964. ISSN0004-637X. Bibcode: 2005ApJ...632..253H.