Dartnell, L. R.; Desorgher, L.; Ward, J. M.; Coates, A. J. (2007). «Martian sub-surface ionising radiation: biosignatures and geology». Biogeosciences4 (4): 545–558. doi:10.5194/bg-4-545-2007. Bibcode: 2007BGeo....4..545D. http://www.biogeosciences.net/4/545/2007/bg-4-545-2007.html. Ανακτήθηκε στις June 1, 2013. «This ionising radiation field is deleterious to the survival of dormant cells or spores and the persistence of molecular biomarkers in the subsurface, and so its characterisation. [..] Even at a depth of 2 meters beneath the surface, any microbes would likely be dormant, cryopreserved by the current freezing conditions, and so metabolically inactive and unable to repair cellular degradation as it occurs.».
books.google.com
Kieffer, Hugh H. (1992). Mars. University of Arizona Press. ISBN978-0-8165-1257-7. Ανακτήθηκε στις 7 Μαρτίου 2011.
Ojha, L.; Wilhelm, M. B.; Murchie, S. L.; McEwen, A. S.; Wray, J. J.; Hanley, J.; Massé, M.; Chojnacki, M. (2015). «Spectral evidence for hydrated salts in recurring slope lineae on Mars». Nature Geoscience8 (11): 829–832. doi:10.1038/ngeo2546. Bibcode: 2015NatGe...8..829O.
Bibring, J.-P.; Langevin, Yves; Poulet, François; Gendrin, Aline; Gondet, Brigitte; Berthé, Michel; Soufflot, Alain; Drossart, Pierre και άλλοι. (2004). «Perennial Water Ice Identified in the South Polar Cap of Mars». Nature428 (6983): 627–630. doi:10.1038/nature02461. PMID15024393. Bibcode: 2004Natur.428..627B.
Villanueva, G.; Mumma, M.; Novak, R.; Käufl, H.; Hartogh, P.; Encrenaz, T.; Tokunaga, A.; Khayat, A. και άλλοι. (2015). «Strong water isotopic anomalies in the martian atmosphere: Probing current and ancient reservoirs». Science348 (6231): 218–221. doi:10.1126/science.aaa3630. PMID25745065. Bibcode: 2015Sci...348..218V.
Baker, V.R.; Strom, R.G.; Gulick, V.C.; Kargel, J.S.; Komatsu, G.; Kale, V.S. (1991). «Ancient oceans, ice sheets and the hydrological cycle on Mars». Nature352 (6348): 589–594. doi:10.1038/352589a0. Bibcode: 1991Natur.352..589B.
Parker, T.J.; Saunders, R.S.; Schneeberger, D.M. (1989). «Transitional Morphology in West Deuteronilus Mensae, Mars: Implications for Modification of the Lowland/Upland Boundary». Icarus82: 111–145. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(89)90027-4. Bibcode: 1989Icar...82..111P.
Dohm, J.M.; Baker, Victor R.; Boynton, William V.; Fairén, Alberto G.; Ferris, Justin C.; Finch, Michael; Furfaro, Roberto; Hare, Trent M. και άλλοι. (2009). «GRS Evidence and the Possibility of Paleooceans on Mars». Planetary and Space Science57 (5–6): 664–684. doi:10.1016/j.pss.2008.10.008. Bibcode: 2009P&SS...57..664D.
Clifford, S.M.; Parker, T.J. (2001). «The Evolution of the Martian Hydrosphere: Implications for the Fate of a Primordial Ocean and the Current State of the Northern Plains». Icarus154: 40–79. doi:10.1006/icar.2001.6671. Bibcode: 2001Icar..154...40C.
Di Achille, Gaetano; Hynek, Brian M. (2010). «Ancient ocean on Mars supported by global distribution of deltas and valleys». Nature Geoscience3 (7): 459–463. doi:10.1038/ngeo891. Bibcode: 2010NatGe...3..459D.
Fassett, C. I.; Dickson, James L.; Head, James W.; Levy, Joseph S.; Marchant, David R. (2010). «Supraglacial and Proglacial Valleys on Amazonian Mars». Icarus208 (1): 86–100. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.02.021. Bibcode: 2010Icar..208...86F.
Heisinger, H.; Head, J. (2002). «Topography and morphology of the Argyre basin, Mars: implications for its geologic and hydrologic history». Planet. Space Sci.50 (10–11): 939–981. doi:10.1016/S0032-0633(02)00054-5. Bibcode: 2002P&SS...50..939H.
Glotch, T.; Christensen, P. (2005). «Geologic and mineralogical mapping of Aram Chaos: Evidence for water-rich history». J. Geophys. Res.110: E09006. doi:10.1029/2004JE002389. Bibcode: 2005JGRE..110.9006G.
Harrison, K; Grimm, R. (2005). «Groundwater-controlled valley networks and the decline of surface runoff on early Mars». Journal of Geophysical Research110: E12S16. doi:10.1029/2005JE002455. Bibcode: 2005JGRE..11012S16H.
Howard, A.; Moore, Jeffrey M.; Irwin, Rossman P. (2005). «An intense terminal epoch of widespread fluvial activity on early Mars: 1. Valley network incision and associated deposits». Journal of Geophysical Research110: E12S14. doi:10.1029/2005JE002459. Bibcode: 2005JGRE..11012S14H.
Salese, F.; Di Achille, G.; Neesemann, A.; Ori, G. G.; Hauber, E. (2016). «Hydrological and sedimentary analyses of well-preserved paleofluvial-paleolacustrine systems at Moa Valles, Mars». J. Geophys. Res. Planets121 (2): 194–232. doi:10.1002/2015JE004891. Bibcode: 2016JGRE..121..194S.
Irwin, Rossman P.; Howard, Alan D.; Craddock, Robert A.; Moore, Jeffrey M. (2005). «An intense terminal epoch of widespread fluvial activity on early Mars: 2. Increased runoff and paleolake development». Journal of Geophysical Research110: E12S15. doi:10.1029/2005JE002460. Bibcode: 2005JGRE..11012S15I.
Fassett, C.; Head, III (2008). «Valley network-fed, open-basin lakes on Mars: Distribution and implications for Noachian surface and subsurface hydrology». Icarus198: 37–56. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2008.06.016. Bibcode: 2008Icar..198...37F.
Head, J. (2006). «Modification if the dichotomy boundary on Mars by Amazonian mid-latitude regional glaciation». Geophys. Res. Lett.33 (8): 33. doi:10.1029/2005gl024360. Bibcode: 2006GeoRL..33.8S03H.
Dartnell, L. R.; Desorgher, L.; Ward, J. M.; Coates, A. J. (2007). «Martian sub-surface ionising radiation: biosignatures and geology». Biogeosciences4 (4): 545–558. doi:10.5194/bg-4-545-2007. Bibcode: 2007BGeo....4..545D. http://www.biogeosciences.net/4/545/2007/bg-4-545-2007.html. Ανακτήθηκε στις June 1, 2013. «This ionising radiation field is deleterious to the survival of dormant cells or spores and the persistence of molecular biomarkers in the subsurface, and so its characterisation. [..] Even at a depth of 2 meters beneath the surface, any microbes would likely be dormant, cryopreserved by the current freezing conditions, and so metabolically inactive and unable to repair cellular degradation as it occurs.».
Spinrad, H.; Münch, G.; Kaplan, L. D. (1963). «Letter to the Editor: the Detection of Water Vapor on Mars». Astrophysical Journal137: 1319. doi:10.1086/147613. Bibcode: 1963ApJ...137.1319S.
Head, J. (2006). «Extensive valley glacier deposits in the northern mid-latitudes of Mars: Evidence for the late Amazonian obliquity-driven climate change». Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.241 (3–4): 663–671. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.11.016. Bibcode: 2006E&PSL.241..663H.
Hamiliton, W.; Christensen, Philip R.; McSween, Harry Y. (1997). «Determination of Martian meteorite lithologies and mineralogies using vibrational spectroscopy». Journal of Geophysical Research102: 25593–25603. doi:10.1029/97JE01874. Bibcode: 1997JGR...10225593H.
Newsom, H.; Lanza, Nina L.; Ollila, Ann M.; Wiseman, Sandra M.; Roush, Ted L.; Marzo, Giuseppe A.; Tornabene, Livio L.; Okubo, Chris H. και άλλοι. (2010). «Inverted channel deposits on the floor of Miyamoto crater, Mars». Icarus205: 64–72. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.03.030. Bibcode: 2010Icar..205...64N.
Morgan, A.M.; Howard, A.D.; Hobley, D.E.J.; Moore, J.M.; Dietrich, W.E.; Williams, R.M.E.; Burr, D.M.; Grant, J.A. και άλλοι. (2014). «Sedimentology and climatic environment of alluvial fans in the martian Saheki crater and a comparison with terrestrial fans in the Atacama Desert». Icarus229: 131–156. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2013.11.007. Bibcode: 2014Icar..229..131M.
Weitz, C.; Milliken, R.E.; Grant, J.A.; McEwen, A.S.; Williams, R.M.E.; Bishop, J.L.; Thomson, B.J. (2010). «Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter observations of light-toned layered deposits and associated fluvial landforms on the plateaus adjacent to Valles Marineris». Icarus205: 73–102. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.04.017. Bibcode: 2010Icar..205...73W.
Hynek, B. (2010). «Updated global map of Martian valley networks and implications for climate and hydrologic processes». J. Geophys. Res.115: E09008. doi:10.1029/2009je003548. Bibcode: 2010JGRE..115.9008H.
Di Achille, Gaetano; Hynek, Brian M. (2010). «Ancient ocean on Mars supported by global distribution of deltas and valleys». Nature Geoscience3 (7): 459–463. doi:10.1038/ngeo891. Bibcode: 2010NatGe...3..459D.
Andrews‐Hanna, J. C.; Zuber, M. T.; Arvidson, R. E.; Wiseman, S. M. (2010). «Early Mars hydrology: Meridiani playa deposits and the sedimentary record of Arabia Terra». J. Geophys. Res.115: E06002. doi:10.1029/2009JE003485. Bibcode: 2010JGRE..115.6002A.
Squyres, S. W.; Knoll, A. H. (2005). «Sedimentary rocks at Meridiani Planum: Origin, diagenesis, and implications for life on Mars». Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.240: 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.09.038. Bibcode: 2005E&PSL.240....1S.
Squyres, S. W. (2006). «Two years at Meridiani Planum: Results from the Opportunity rover». Science313: 1403–1407. doi:10.1126/science.
Andrews‐Hanna, Jeffrey C.; Lewis, Kevin W. (2011). «Early Mars hydrology: 2. Hydrological evolution in the Noachian and Hesperian epochs». Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets116: E2. doi:10.1029/2010je003709. Bibcode: 2011JGRE..116.2007A.
Carr, M.; Head, J. (2003). «Oceans on Mars: An assessment of the observational evidence and possible fate». Journal of Geophysical Research108: 5042. doi:10.1029/2002JE001963. Bibcode: 2003JGRE..108.5042C.
Feldman, W. C.; Prettyman, T. H.; Maurice, S.; Plaut, J. J.; Bish, D. L.; Vaniman, D. T.; Tokar, R. L. (2004). «Global distribution of near-surface hydrogen on Mars». Journal of Geophysical Research109: E9. doi:10.1029/2003JE002160. E09006. Bibcode: 2004JGRE..109.9006F.
Shean, D. (2005). «Origin and evolution of a cold-based mountain glacier on Mars: The Pavonis Mons fan-shaped deposit». Journal of Geophysical Research110 (E5): E05001. doi:10.1029/2004JE002360. Bibcode: 2005JGRE..11005001S.
Basilevsky, A. (2006). «Geological recent tectonic, volcanic and fluvial activity on the eastern flank of the Olympus Mons volcano, Mars». Geophysical Research Letters33 (13): L13201. doi:10.1029/2006GL026396. Bibcode: 2006GeoRL..3313201B.
Milliken, R. (2003). «Viscous flow features on the surface of Mars: Observations from high-resolution Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) images». Journal of Geophysical Research108 (E6): 5057. doi:10.1029/2002je002005. Bibcode: 2003JGRE..108.5057M.
Head, J. W.; Neukum, G.; Jaumann, R.; Hiesinger, H.; Hauber, E.; Carr, M.; Masson, P.; Foing, B. και άλλοι. (2005). «Tropical to mid-latitude snow and ice accumulation, flow and glaciation on Mars». Nature434 (7031): 346–350. doi:10.1038/nature03359. PMID15772652. Bibcode: 2005Natur.434..346H.
Ojha, L.; Wilhelm, M. B.; Murchie, S. L.; McEwen, A. S.; Wray, J. J.; Hanley, J.; Massé, M.; Chojnacki, M. (2015). «Spectral evidence for hydrated salts in recurring slope lineae on Mars». Nature Geoscience8 (11): 829–832. doi:10.1038/ngeo2546. Bibcode: 2015NatGe...8..829O.
Bibring, J.-P.; Langevin, Yves; Poulet, François; Gendrin, Aline; Gondet, Brigitte; Berthé, Michel; Soufflot, Alain; Drossart, Pierre και άλλοι. (2004). «Perennial Water Ice Identified in the South Polar Cap of Mars». Nature428 (6983): 627–630. doi:10.1038/nature02461. PMID15024393. Bibcode: 2004Natur.428..627B.
Villanueva, G.; Mumma, M.; Novak, R.; Käufl, H.; Hartogh, P.; Encrenaz, T.; Tokunaga, A.; Khayat, A. και άλλοι. (2015). «Strong water isotopic anomalies in the martian atmosphere: Probing current and ancient reservoirs». Science348 (6231): 218–221. doi:10.1126/science.aaa3630. PMID25745065. Bibcode: 2015Sci...348..218V.
Baker, V.R.; Strom, R.G.; Gulick, V.C.; Kargel, J.S.; Komatsu, G.; Kale, V.S. (1991). «Ancient oceans, ice sheets and the hydrological cycle on Mars». Nature352 (6348): 589–594. doi:10.1038/352589a0. Bibcode: 1991Natur.352..589B.
Parker, T.J.; Saunders, R.S.; Schneeberger, D.M. (1989). «Transitional Morphology in West Deuteronilus Mensae, Mars: Implications for Modification of the Lowland/Upland Boundary». Icarus82: 111–145. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(89)90027-4. Bibcode: 1989Icar...82..111P.
Dohm, J.M.; Baker, Victor R.; Boynton, William V.; Fairén, Alberto G.; Ferris, Justin C.; Finch, Michael; Furfaro, Roberto; Hare, Trent M. και άλλοι. (2009). «GRS Evidence and the Possibility of Paleooceans on Mars». Planetary and Space Science57 (5–6): 664–684. doi:10.1016/j.pss.2008.10.008. Bibcode: 2009P&SS...57..664D.
Clifford, S.M.; Parker, T.J. (2001). «The Evolution of the Martian Hydrosphere: Implications for the Fate of a Primordial Ocean and the Current State of the Northern Plains». Icarus154: 40–79. doi:10.1006/icar.2001.6671. Bibcode: 2001Icar..154...40C.
Di Achille, Gaetano; Hynek, Brian M. (2010). «Ancient ocean on Mars supported by global distribution of deltas and valleys». Nature Geoscience3 (7): 459–463. doi:10.1038/ngeo891. Bibcode: 2010NatGe...3..459D.
Fassett, C. I.; Dickson, James L.; Head, James W.; Levy, Joseph S.; Marchant, David R. (2010). «Supraglacial and Proglacial Valleys on Amazonian Mars». Icarus208 (1): 86–100. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.02.021. Bibcode: 2010Icar..208...86F.
Heisinger, H.; Head, J. (2002). «Topography and morphology of the Argyre basin, Mars: implications for its geologic and hydrologic history». Planet. Space Sci.50 (10–11): 939–981. doi:10.1016/S0032-0633(02)00054-5. Bibcode: 2002P&SS...50..939H.
Glotch, T.; Christensen, P. (2005). «Geologic and mineralogical mapping of Aram Chaos: Evidence for water-rich history». J. Geophys. Res.110: E09006. doi:10.1029/2004JE002389. Bibcode: 2005JGRE..110.9006G.
Harrison, K; Grimm, R. (2005). «Groundwater-controlled valley networks and the decline of surface runoff on early Mars». Journal of Geophysical Research110: E12S16. doi:10.1029/2005JE002455. Bibcode: 2005JGRE..11012S16H.
Howard, A.; Moore, Jeffrey M.; Irwin, Rossman P. (2005). «An intense terminal epoch of widespread fluvial activity on early Mars: 1. Valley network incision and associated deposits». Journal of Geophysical Research110: E12S14. doi:10.1029/2005JE002459. Bibcode: 2005JGRE..11012S14H.
Salese, F.; Di Achille, G.; Neesemann, A.; Ori, G. G.; Hauber, E. (2016). «Hydrological and sedimentary analyses of well-preserved paleofluvial-paleolacustrine systems at Moa Valles, Mars». J. Geophys. Res. Planets121 (2): 194–232. doi:10.1002/2015JE004891. Bibcode: 2016JGRE..121..194S.
Irwin, Rossman P.; Howard, Alan D.; Craddock, Robert A.; Moore, Jeffrey M. (2005). «An intense terminal epoch of widespread fluvial activity on early Mars: 2. Increased runoff and paleolake development». Journal of Geophysical Research110: E12S15. doi:10.1029/2005JE002460. Bibcode: 2005JGRE..11012S15I.
Fassett, C.; Head, III (2008). «Valley network-fed, open-basin lakes on Mars: Distribution and implications for Noachian surface and subsurface hydrology». Icarus198: 37–56. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2008.06.016. Bibcode: 2008Icar..198...37F.
Head, J. (2006). «Modification if the dichotomy boundary on Mars by Amazonian mid-latitude regional glaciation». Geophys. Res. Lett.33 (8): 33. doi:10.1029/2005gl024360. Bibcode: 2006GeoRL..33.8S03H.
Dartnell, L. R.; Desorgher, L.; Ward, J. M.; Coates, A. J. (2007). «Martian sub-surface ionising radiation: biosignatures and geology». Biogeosciences4 (4): 545–558. doi:10.5194/bg-4-545-2007. Bibcode: 2007BGeo....4..545D. http://www.biogeosciences.net/4/545/2007/bg-4-545-2007.html. Ανακτήθηκε στις June 1, 2013. «This ionising radiation field is deleterious to the survival of dormant cells or spores and the persistence of molecular biomarkers in the subsurface, and so its characterisation. [..] Even at a depth of 2 meters beneath the surface, any microbes would likely be dormant, cryopreserved by the current freezing conditions, and so metabolically inactive and unable to repair cellular degradation as it occurs.».
Spinrad, H.; Münch, G.; Kaplan, L. D. (1963). «Letter to the Editor: the Detection of Water Vapor on Mars». Astrophysical Journal137: 1319. doi:10.1086/147613. Bibcode: 1963ApJ...137.1319S.
Head, J. (2006). «Extensive valley glacier deposits in the northern mid-latitudes of Mars: Evidence for the late Amazonian obliquity-driven climate change». Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.241 (3–4): 663–671. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.11.016. Bibcode: 2006E&PSL.241..663H.
Head, J.; Kreslavsky, M. A.; Ivanov, M. A.; Hiesinger, H.; Fuller, E. R.; Pratt, S. (2001). «Water in Middle Mars History: New Insights From MOLA Data». American Geophysical Union. Bibcode: 2001AGUSM...P31A02H.
Head, J. (2001). «Exploration for standing Bodies of Water on Mars: When Were They There, Where did They go, and What are the Implications for Astrobiology?». American Geophysical Union21: 03. Bibcode: 2001AGUFM.P21C..03H.
Hamiliton, W.; Christensen, Philip R.; McSween, Harry Y. (1997). «Determination of Martian meteorite lithologies and mineralogies using vibrational spectroscopy». Journal of Geophysical Research102: 25593–25603. doi:10.1029/97JE01874. Bibcode: 1997JGR...10225593H.
Newsom, H.; Lanza, Nina L.; Ollila, Ann M.; Wiseman, Sandra M.; Roush, Ted L.; Marzo, Giuseppe A.; Tornabene, Livio L.; Okubo, Chris H. και άλλοι. (2010). «Inverted channel deposits on the floor of Miyamoto crater, Mars». Icarus205: 64–72. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.03.030. Bibcode: 2010Icar..205...64N.
Morgan, A.M.; Howard, A.D.; Hobley, D.E.J.; Moore, J.M.; Dietrich, W.E.; Williams, R.M.E.; Burr, D.M.; Grant, J.A. και άλλοι. (2014). «Sedimentology and climatic environment of alluvial fans in the martian Saheki crater and a comparison with terrestrial fans in the Atacama Desert». Icarus229: 131–156. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2013.11.007. Bibcode: 2014Icar..229..131M.
Weitz, C.; Milliken, R.E.; Grant, J.A.; McEwen, A.S.; Williams, R.M.E.; Bishop, J.L.; Thomson, B.J. (2010). «Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter observations of light-toned layered deposits and associated fluvial landforms on the plateaus adjacent to Valles Marineris». Icarus205: 73–102. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.04.017. Bibcode: 2010Icar..205...73W.
Hynek, B. (2010). «Updated global map of Martian valley networks and implications for climate and hydrologic processes». J. Geophys. Res.115: E09008. doi:10.1029/2009je003548. Bibcode: 2010JGRE..115.9008H.
Di Achille, Gaetano; Hynek, Brian M. (2010). «Ancient ocean on Mars supported by global distribution of deltas and valleys». Nature Geoscience3 (7): 459–463. doi:10.1038/ngeo891. Bibcode: 2010NatGe...3..459D.
Andrews‐Hanna, J. C.; Zuber, M. T.; Arvidson, R. E.; Wiseman, S. M. (2010). «Early Mars hydrology: Meridiani playa deposits and the sedimentary record of Arabia Terra». J. Geophys. Res.115: E06002. doi:10.1029/2009JE003485. Bibcode: 2010JGRE..115.6002A.
Squyres, S. W.; Knoll, A. H. (2005). «Sedimentary rocks at Meridiani Planum: Origin, diagenesis, and implications for life on Mars». Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.240: 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.09.038. Bibcode: 2005E&PSL.240....1S.
Andrews‐Hanna, Jeffrey C.; Lewis, Kevin W. (2011). «Early Mars hydrology: 2. Hydrological evolution in the Noachian and Hesperian epochs». Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets116: E2. doi:10.1029/2010je003709. Bibcode: 2011JGRE..116.2007A.
Carr, M.; Head, J. (2003). «Oceans on Mars: An assessment of the observational evidence and possible fate». Journal of Geophysical Research108: 5042. doi:10.1029/2002JE001963. Bibcode: 2003JGRE..108.5042C.
Feldman, W. C.; Prettyman, T. H.; Maurice, S.; Plaut, J. J.; Bish, D. L.; Vaniman, D. T.; Tokar, R. L. (2004). «Global distribution of near-surface hydrogen on Mars». Journal of Geophysical Research109: E9. doi:10.1029/2003JE002160. E09006. Bibcode: 2004JGRE..109.9006F.
Byrne, S.; Ingersoll, A. P. (2002). «A Sublimation Model for the Formation of the Martian Polar Swiss-cheese Features». American Astronomical Society (American Astronomical Society) 34: 837. Bibcode: 2002DPS....34.0301B.
Shean, D. (2005). «Origin and evolution of a cold-based mountain glacier on Mars: The Pavonis Mons fan-shaped deposit». Journal of Geophysical Research110 (E5): E05001. doi:10.1029/2004JE002360. Bibcode: 2005JGRE..11005001S.
Basilevsky, A. (2006). «Geological recent tectonic, volcanic and fluvial activity on the eastern flank of the Olympus Mons volcano, Mars». Geophysical Research Letters33 (13): L13201. doi:10.1029/2006GL026396. Bibcode: 2006GeoRL..3313201B.
Milliken, R. (2003). «Viscous flow features on the surface of Mars: Observations from high-resolution Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) images». Journal of Geophysical Research108 (E6): 5057. doi:10.1029/2002je002005. Bibcode: 2003JGRE..108.5057M.
Head, J. W.; Neukum, G.; Jaumann, R.; Hiesinger, H.; Hauber, E.; Carr, M.; Masson, P.; Foing, B. και άλλοι. (2005). «Tropical to mid-latitude snow and ice accumulation, flow and glaciation on Mars». Nature434 (7031): 346–350. doi:10.1038/nature03359. PMID15772652. Bibcode: 2005Natur.434..346H.
Bibring, J.-P.; Langevin, Yves; Poulet, François; Gendrin, Aline; Gondet, Brigitte; Berthé, Michel; Soufflot, Alain; Drossart, Pierre και άλλοι. (2004). «Perennial Water Ice Identified in the South Polar Cap of Mars». Nature428 (6983): 627–630. doi:10.1038/nature02461. PMID15024393. Bibcode: 2004Natur.428..627B.
Villanueva, G.; Mumma, M.; Novak, R.; Käufl, H.; Hartogh, P.; Encrenaz, T.; Tokunaga, A.; Khayat, A. και άλλοι. (2015). «Strong water isotopic anomalies in the martian atmosphere: Probing current and ancient reservoirs». Science348 (6231): 218–221. doi:10.1126/science.aaa3630. PMID25745065. Bibcode: 2015Sci...348..218V.
Head, J. W.; Neukum, G.; Jaumann, R.; Hiesinger, H.; Hauber, E.; Carr, M.; Masson, P.; Foing, B. και άλλοι. (2005). «Tropical to mid-latitude snow and ice accumulation, flow and glaciation on Mars». Nature434 (7031): 346–350. doi:10.1038/nature03359. PMID15772652. Bibcode: 2005Natur.434..346H.
de Morais, A. (2012). «A Possible Biochemical Model for Mars» (PDF). 43rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2012). http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2012/pdf/2943.pdf. Ανακτήθηκε στις June 5, 2013. «The extensive volcanism at that time much possibly created subsurface cracks and caves within different strata, and the liquid water could have been stored in these subterraneous places, forming large aquifers with deposits of saline liquid water, minerals organic molecules, and geothermal heat – ingredients for life as we know on Earth.».