Στύφνος (Greek Wikipedia)

Venkateswarlu, J; Krishna Rao, M (1971). «Inheritance of fruit colour in the Solanum nigrum complex». Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B 74: 137–141. doi:10.1007/BF03050624.
Ogg, AG; Rouger, BS; Schiling, EE (1981). «Characterization of Black Nightshade (Solanum nigrum) and Related Species in the United States». Weed Science 29 (1): 27–31. doi:10.1017/S0043174500025789. https://archive.org/details/sim_weed-science_1981-01_29_1/page/27.
Bravo, C.; Velilla, S.; Peco, B. (2014). «Effects of Great Bustard (Otis tarda) gut passage on Black Nightshade (Solanum nigrum) seed germination». Seed Science Research 24 (3): 265–271. doi:10.1017/S0960258514000178. https://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/97149?locale=en.
Ignacimuthu, S (2006-05-11). M Ayyanar, Sankara Sivaraman K. «Ethnobotanical investigations among tribes in Madurai District of Tamil Nadu (India)». Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2: 25. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-2-25. PMID 16689985.
Jansen van Rensburg, WS (2007). «African leafy vegetables in South Africa». Water SA 33 (3): 317–326. doi:10.4314/wsa.v33i3.180589. http://ajol.info/index.php/wsa/article/view/49110/0.
Nohara, T; Ikeda, T; Fujiwara, Y; Matsushita, S και άλλοι. (2006). «Physiological functions of solanaceous and tomato steroidal glycosides». Journal of Natural Medicines 61: 1–13. doi:10.1007/s11418-006-0021-y.
Ikeda, T; Ando, J; Miyazono, A; Zhu, XH και άλλοι. (March 2000). «Anti-herpes virus activity of Solanum steroidal glycosides». Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 23 (3): 363–4. doi:10.1248/bpb.23.363. PMID 10726897.
Jimoh, F.O.; Adedapo, A.A; Afolayan, A.J. (2010). «Comparison of the Nutritional Value and Biological Activities of the Acetone, Methanol and Water Extracts of the Leaves of Solanum nigrum and Leonotis leonorus». Food and Chemical Toxicology 48 (3): 964–71. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2010.01.007. PMID 20079394.
Sikdar, M; Dutta, U (2008). «Traditional Phytotherapy among the Nath People of Assam». Studies on Ethno-Medicine 2 (1): 39–45. doi:10.1080/09735070.2008.11886313. http://www.krepublishers.com/02-Journals/S-EM/EM-02-0-000-08-Web/EM-02-1-000-08-Abst-PDF/EM-02-1-039-08-030-Sikdar-M/EM-02-1-039-08-030-Sikdar-M-Tt.pdf.
Gubarev, M. I.; Enioutina, E. Y; Taylor, J. L.; Visic, D. M; Daynes, R. A (1998). «Plant‐derived glycoalkaloids protect mice against lethal infection with Salmonella typhimurium». Phytotherapy Research 12 (2): 79–88. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199803)12:2<79::AID-PTR192>3.0.CO;2-N.
Jian, L; Qingwang, L; Tao, F; Kun, L (2008). «Aqueous extract of Solanum nigrum inhibit growth of cervical carcinoma (U14) via modulating immune response of tumor bearing mice and inducing apoptosis of tumor cells». Fitoterapia 79 (7–8): 548–556. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2008.06.010. PMID 18687388.
Mohsenikia, M.; Alizadeh, A. M.; Khodayari, S.; Khodayari, H.; Karimi, A. (2013). «The protective and therapeutic effects of alpha-solanine on mice breast cancer.». European Journal of Pharmacology 718 ((1-3)): 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.09.015. PMID 24051269.
Lv, C.; Kong, H.; Dong, G.; Liu, L.; Tong, K.; Sun, H.; Zhou, M. (2014). «Antitumor efficacy of α-solanine against pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo». PLOS ONE 9 (2): e87868. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087868. PMID 24505326. Bibcode: 2014PLoSO...987868L.
Binbing Ling; Deborah Michel; Meena Kishore Sakharkar; Jian Yang (2016). «Evaluating the cytotoxic effects of the water extracts of four anticancer herbs against human malignant melanoma cells». Drug Design, Development and Therapy 10: 3563–3572. doi:10.2147/DDDT.S119214. PMID 27843296. «Based on the current results, we hypothesized that coadministration of the water extract of S. nigrum could improve the therapeutic efficacy of temozolomide, as well as DTIC, against human MM. Further studies are warranted to prove our hypothesis using a patient-derived xenograft or a mouse xenograft melanoma model.».
Akhtar, M. S.; Munir, M. (1989). «Evaluation op the gastric antiulcerogenic effects of Solanum nigrum, Brassica oleracea and Ocimum basilicum in rats». Journal of Ethnopharmacology 27 ((1-2)): 163–76. doi:10.1016/0378-8741(89)90088-3. PMID 2515396. https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-ethnopharmacology_1989-11_27_1-2/page/163.
Yu Guo; Karunrat Sakulnarmrat; Izabela Konczaka (2014). «Anti-inflammatory potential of native Australian herbs polyphenols». Toxicology Reports 1: 385–390. doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.06.011. PMID 28962255.
Keeley, PE; Thullen, RJ (1991). «Biology and Control of Black Nightshade (Solanum nigrum) in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)». Weed Technology 5: 713–722. doi:10.1017/S0890037X00033741.

dsae.co.za

«umsobosobo, noun». Dictionary of South African English. Ανακτήθηκε στις 9 Απριλίου 2021.

flora.sa.gov.au

Solanum nigrum Factsheet, South Australian Government

harvard.edu

adsabs.harvard.edu

Lv, C.; Kong, H.; Dong, G.; Liu, L.; Tong, K.; Sun, H.; Zhou, M. (2014). «Antitumor efficacy of α-solanine against pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo». PLOS ONE 9 (2): e87868. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087868. PMID 24505326. Bibcode: 2014PLoSO...987868L.

inchem.org

«Solanum nigrum profile». IPCS. INCHEM.

krepublishers.com

Sikdar, M; Dutta, U (2008). «Traditional Phytotherapy among the Nath People of Assam». Studies on Ethno-Medicine 2 (1): 39–45. doi:10.1080/09735070.2008.11886313. http://www.krepublishers.com/02-Journals/S-EM/EM-02-0-000-08-Web/EM-02-1-000-08-Abst-PDF/EM-02-1-039-08-030-Sikdar-M/EM-02-1-039-08-030-Sikdar-M-Tt.pdf.

natlib.govt.nz

Schep, LJ; Slaughter, RJ; Temple, WA (April 3, 2009). «Contaminant berries in frozen vegetables». The New Zealand Medical Journal 122 (1292): 95–6. PMID 19448780. http://natlib.govt.nz/records/20744815?search%5Bi%5D%5Bcategory%5D=Journals&search%5Bi%5D%5Bsubject%5D=Solanum+nigrum&search%5Bpath%5D=items. Ανακτήθηκε στις 2 May 2017.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Schep, LJ; Slaughter, RJ; Temple, WA (April 3, 2009). «Contaminant berries in frozen vegetables». The New Zealand Medical Journal 122 (1292): 95–6. PMID 19448780. http://natlib.govt.nz/records/20744815?search%5Bi%5D%5Bcategory%5D=Journals&search%5Bi%5D%5Bsubject%5D=Solanum+nigrum&search%5Bpath%5D=items. Ανακτήθηκε στις 2 May 2017.
Ignacimuthu, S (2006-05-11). M Ayyanar, Sankara Sivaraman K. «Ethnobotanical investigations among tribes in Madurai District of Tamil Nadu (India)». Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2: 25. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-2-25. PMID 16689985.
Ikeda, T; Ando, J; Miyazono, A; Zhu, XH και άλλοι. (March 2000). «Anti-herpes virus activity of Solanum steroidal glycosides». Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 23 (3): 363–4. doi:10.1248/bpb.23.363. PMID 10726897.
Jimoh, F.O.; Adedapo, A.A; Afolayan, A.J. (2010). «Comparison of the Nutritional Value and Biological Activities of the Acetone, Methanol and Water Extracts of the Leaves of Solanum nigrum and Leonotis leonorus». Food and Chemical Toxicology 48 (3): 964–71. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2010.01.007. PMID 20079394.
Jain, R; Sharma, A; Gupta, S; Sarethy, IP; Gabrani, R (Mar 2011). «Solanum nigrum: current perspectives on therapeutic properties». Altern Med Rev 16 (1): 78–85. PMID 21438649. Αρχειοθετήθηκε από το πρωτότυπο στις 2016-07-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20160705043006/http://www.altmedrev.com/publications/16/1/78.pdf. Ανακτήθηκε στις 2022-07-06.
Jian, L; Qingwang, L; Tao, F; Kun, L (2008). «Aqueous extract of Solanum nigrum inhibit growth of cervical carcinoma (U14) via modulating immune response of tumor bearing mice and inducing apoptosis of tumor cells». Fitoterapia 79 (7–8): 548–556. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2008.06.010. PMID 18687388.
Mohsenikia, M.; Alizadeh, A. M.; Khodayari, S.; Khodayari, H.; Karimi, A. (2013). «The protective and therapeutic effects of alpha-solanine on mice breast cancer.». European Journal of Pharmacology 718 ((1-3)): 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.09.015. PMID 24051269.
Lv, C.; Kong, H.; Dong, G.; Liu, L.; Tong, K.; Sun, H.; Zhou, M. (2014). «Antitumor efficacy of α-solanine against pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo». PLOS ONE 9 (2): e87868. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087868. PMID 24505326. Bibcode: 2014PLoSO...987868L.
Binbing Ling; Deborah Michel; Meena Kishore Sakharkar; Jian Yang (2016). «Evaluating the cytotoxic effects of the water extracts of four anticancer herbs against human malignant melanoma cells». Drug Design, Development and Therapy 10: 3563–3572. doi:10.2147/DDDT.S119214. PMID 27843296. «Based on the current results, we hypothesized that coadministration of the water extract of S. nigrum could improve the therapeutic efficacy of temozolomide, as well as DTIC, against human MM. Further studies are warranted to prove our hypothesis using a patient-derived xenograft or a mouse xenograft melanoma model.».
Akhtar, M. S.; Munir, M. (1989). «Evaluation op the gastric antiulcerogenic effects of Solanum nigrum, Brassica oleracea and Ocimum basilicum in rats». Journal of Ethnopharmacology 27 ((1-2)): 163–76. doi:10.1016/0378-8741(89)90088-3. PMID 2515396. https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-ethnopharmacology_1989-11_27_1-2/page/163.
Yu Guo; Karunrat Sakulnarmrat; Izabela Konczaka (2014). «Anti-inflammatory potential of native Australian herbs polyphenols». Toxicology Reports 1: 385–390. doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.06.011. PMID 28962255.

pubmedcentral.nih.gov

Ignacimuthu, S (2006-05-11). M Ayyanar, Sankara Sivaraman K. «Ethnobotanical investigations among tribes in Madurai District of Tamil Nadu (India)». Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2: 25. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-2-25. PMID 16689985.
Lv, C.; Kong, H.; Dong, G.; Liu, L.; Tong, K.; Sun, H.; Zhou, M. (2014). «Antitumor efficacy of α-solanine against pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo». PLOS ONE 9 (2): e87868. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087868. PMID 24505326. Bibcode: 2014PLoSO...987868L.
Binbing Ling; Deborah Michel; Meena Kishore Sakharkar; Jian Yang (2016). «Evaluating the cytotoxic effects of the water extracts of four anticancer herbs against human malignant melanoma cells». Drug Design, Development and Therapy 10: 3563–3572. doi:10.2147/DDDT.S119214. PMID 27843296. «Based on the current results, we hypothesized that coadministration of the water extract of S. nigrum could improve the therapeutic efficacy of temozolomide, as well as DTIC, against human MM. Further studies are warranted to prove our hypothesis using a patient-derived xenograft or a mouse xenograft melanoma model.».
Yu Guo; Karunrat Sakulnarmrat; Izabela Konczaka (2014). «Anti-inflammatory potential of native Australian herbs polyphenols». Toxicology Reports 1: 385–390. doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.06.011. PMID 28962255.

nsw.gov.au

plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au

«Solanum nigrum plant profile». New South Wales Flora Online.

organicallycooked.com

«Amaranth — vlita — and black nightshade — stifno (Βλήτα και στίφνος)». Organically Cooked. 2008. Αρχειοθετήθηκε από το πρωτότυπο στις 23 Ιανουαρίου 2023. Ανακτήθηκε στις 6 Ιουλίου 2022.

pakbs.org

Mohy-ud-dint, A; Khan, Z; Ahmad, M; Kashmiri, MA (2010). «Chemotaxonomic value of alkaloids in Solanum nigrum complex». Pakistan Journal of Botany 42 (1): 653–660. http://www.pakbs.org/pjbot/PDFs/42(1)/PJB42(1)653.pdf.

upenn.edu

africa.upenn.edu

«"Wild Food" Plans with "Famine Foods" Components: Solanum nigrum». Famine Food Guide.

web.archive.org

Zemede, Asfaw. «Conservation and use of traditional vegetables in Ethiopia». Nairobi. Αρχειοθετήθηκε από το πρωτότυπο στις 2012-07-07. https://web.archive.org/web/20120707210646/http://www.bioversityinternational.org/publications/Web_version/500/ch08.htm.
«Amaranth — vlita — and black nightshade — stifno (Βλήτα και στίφνος)». Organically Cooked. 2008. Αρχειοθετήθηκε από το πρωτότυπο στις 23 Ιανουαρίου 2023. Ανακτήθηκε στις 6 Ιουλίου 2022.
Jain, R; Sharma, A; Gupta, S; Sarethy, IP; Gabrani, R (Mar 2011). «Solanum nigrum: current perspectives on therapeutic properties». Altern Med Rev 16 (1): 78–85. PMID 21438649. Αρχειοθετήθηκε από το πρωτότυπο στις 2016-07-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20160705043006/http://www.altmedrev.com/publications/16/1/78.pdf. Ανακτήθηκε στις 2022-07-06.