Χαλοουίν (Greek Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Χαλοουίν" in Greek language version.
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archive.org
- Merriam-Webster's Encyclopædia of World Religions
. Merriam-Webster. 1999. σελ. 408. ISBN 978-0-87779-044-0. Ανακτήθηκε στις 31 Οκτωβρίου 2011. Halloween, also called All Hallows' Eve, holy or hallowed evening observed on October 31, the eve of All Saints' Day. The Irish pre-Christian observances influenced the Christian festival of All Hallows' Eve, celebrated on the same date.
- Skog, Jason (2008). Teens in Finland. Capstone. σελ. 31. ISBN 978-0-7565-3405-9.
Most funerals are Lutheran, and nearly 98 percent of all funerals take place in a church. It is customary to take pictures of funerals or even videotape them. To Finns, death is a part of the cycle of life, and a funeral is another special occasion worth remembering. In fact, during All Hallow's Eve and Christmas Eve, cemeteries are known as valomeri, or seas of light. Finns visit cemeteries and light candles in remembrance of the deceased.
- Hynes, Mary Ellen (1993). Companion to the Calendar. Liturgy Training Publications. σελ. 160. ISBN 978-1-56854-011-5.
In most of Europe, Halloween is strictly a religious event. Sometimes in North America the church's traditions are lost or confused.
- Braden, Donna R.· Village, Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield (1988). Leisure and entertainment in America. Henry Ford Museum & Greenfield Village. ISBN 978-0-933728-32-5. Ανακτήθηκε στις 2 Ιουνίου 2014.
Halloween, a holiday with religious origins but increasingly secularized as celebrated in America, came to assume major proportions as a children's festivity.
bbc.co.uk
- «All Hallows' Eve» (στα Αγγλικά). British Broadcasting Corporation. 20 Οκτωβρίου 2011. Ανακτήθηκε στις 29 Οκτωβρίου 2020.
However, there are supporters of the view that Hallowe'en, as the eve of All Saints' Day, originated entirely independently of Samhain and some question the existence of a specific pan-Celtic religious festival which took place on 31st October/1st November.
- «All Hallows' Eve» (στα Αγγλικά). British Broadcasting Corporation. 20 Οκτωβρίου 2011. Ανακτήθηκε στις 29 Οκτωβρίου 2020.
However, there are supporters of the view that Hallowe'en, as the eve of All Saints' Day, originated entirely independently of Samhain and some question the existence of a specific pan-Celtic religious festival which took place on 31st October/1st November.
books.google.com
- Smith, Bonnie G. (2004). Women's History in Global Perspective. University of Illinois Press. σελ. 66. ISBN 978-0-252-02931-8. Ανακτήθηκε στις 14 Δεκεμβρίου 2015.
The pre-Christian observance obviously influenced the Christian celebration of All Hallows' Eve, just as the Taoist festival affected the newer Buddhist Ullambana festival. Although the Christian version of All Saints' and All Souls' Days came to emphasize prayers for the dead, visits to graves, and the role of the living assuring the safe passage to heaven of their departed loved ones, older notions never disappeared.
- Nicholas Rogers (2002). Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516896-9. Ανακτήθηκε στις 31 Οκτωβρίου 2011.
Halloween and the Day of the Dead share a common origin in the Christian commemoration of the dead on All Saints' and All Souls' Day. But both are thought to embody strong pre-Christian beliefs. In the case of Halloween, the Celtic celebration of Samhain is critical to its pagan legacy, a claim that has been foregrounded in recent years by both new-age enthusiasts and the evangelical Right.
- Austrian information. 1965. Ανακτήθηκε στις 31 Οκτωβρίου 2011.
The feasts of Hallowe'en, or All Hallows Eve and the devotions to the dead on All Saints' and All Souls' Day are both mixtures of old Celtic, Druid and other pagan customs intertwined with Christian practice.
- Roberts, Brian K. (1987). The Making of the English Village: A Study in Historical Geography. Longman Scientific & Technical. ISBN 978-0-582-30143-6. Ανακτήθηκε στις 14 Δεκεμβρίου 2015.
Time out of time', when the barriers between this world and the next were down, the dead returned from the grave, and gods and strangers from the underworld walked abroad was a twice- yearly reality, on dates Christianised as All Hallows' Eve and All Hallows' Day.
- Paul Fieldhouse (17 Απριλίου 2017). Food, Feasts, and Faith: An Encyclopedia of Food Culture in World Religions. ABC-CLIO. σελ. 256. ISBN 978-1-61069-412-4.
- Fieldhouse, Paul (17 Απριλίου 2017). Food, Feasts, and Faith: An Encyclopedia of Food Culture in World Religions (στα Αγγλικά). ABC-CLIO. σελ. 254. ISBN 978-1-61069-412-4. Αρχειοθετήθηκε από το πρωτότυπο στις 31 Οκτωβρίου 2017. Ανακτήθηκε στις 13 Αυγούστου 2017.
In Ireland, dishes based on potatoes and other vegetables were associated with Halloween, as meat was forbidden during the Catholic vigil and fast leading up to All Saint's Day.
cranstononline.com
- Kernan, Joe (30 Οκτωβρίου 2013). «Not so spooky after all: The roots of Halloween are tamer than you think». Cranston Herald. Αρχειοθετήθηκε από το πρωτότυπο στις 26 Νοεμβρίου 2015. Ανακτήθηκε στις 31 Οκτωβρίου 2015.
By the early 20th century, Halloween, like Christmas, was commercialized. Pre-made costumes, decorations and special candy all became available. The Christian origins of the holiday were downplayed.
duke.edu
chapel.duke.edu
- «All Hallows Eve Service» (PDF). Duke University. 31 Οκτωβρίου 2012. Αρχειοθετήθηκε από το πρωτότυπο (PDF) στις 5 Οκτωβρίου 2013. Ανακτήθηκε στις 31 Μαΐου 2014.
About All Hallows Eve: Tonight is the eve of All Saints Day, the festival in the Church that recalls the faith and witness of the men and women who have come before us. The service celebrates our continuing communion with them, and memorializes the recently deceased. The early church followed the Jewish custom that a new day began at sundown; thus, feasts and festivals in the church were observed beginning the night before.
nationaltrust.org.uk
- «Tudor Hallowtide». National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty. 2012. Αρχειοθετήθηκε από το πρωτότυπο στις 6 Οκτωβρίου 2014.
Hallowtide covers the three days – 31 October (All-Hallows Eve or Hallowe'en), 1 November (All Saints) and 2 November (All Souls).
salzburg.com
search.salzburg.com
- * Moser, Stefan (29 Οκτωβρίου 2010). «Kein 'Trick or Treat' bei Salzburgs Kelten» (στα Γερμανικά). Salzburger Nachrichten. Αρχειοθετήθηκε από το πρωτότυπο στις 17 Μαρτίου 2014. Ανακτήθηκε στις 11 Αυγούστου 2017.
Die Kelten haben gar nichts mit Halloween zu tun", entkräftet Stefan Moser, Direktor des Keltenmuseums Hallein, einen weit verbreiteten Mythos. Moser sieht die Ursprünge von Halloween insgesamt in einem christlichen Brauch, nicht in einem keltischen.
- Döring, Alois; Bolinius, Erich (31 October 2006), Samhain – Halloween – Allerheiligen, FDP Emden
tovivliomou.top
- Κουζούλογλου, Δήμητρα (11 Οκτωβρίου 2022). «Τι είναι το Halloween – Ιστορία και παραδόσεις». το βιβλίο μου. Ανακτήθηκε στις 30 Ιουνίου 2024.
ussu.co.uk
- Hughes, Rebekkah (29 October 2014). «Happy Hallowe'en Surrey!». The Stag (University of Surrey): σελ. 1. Αρχειοθετήθηκε από το πρωτότυπο στις 19 November 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151119032631/http://www.ussu.co.uk/stagmedia/Documents/Issues/The%20Stag%20-%20Issue%2076%20(Small%20File%20Size).pdf. Ανακτήθηκε στις 31 October 2015. «Halloween or Hallowe'en, is the yearly celebration on October 31st that signifies the first day of Allhallowtide, being the time to remember the dead, including martyrs, saints and all faithful departed Christians.»
washingtonpost.com
- Barr, Beth Allison (28 October 2016). «Guess what? Halloween is more Christian than Pagan» (στα αγγλικά). The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2016/10/28/guess-what-halloween-is-more-christian-than-pagan/. Ανακτήθηκε στις 15 October 2020. «It is the medieval Christian festivals of All Saints’ and All Souls’ that provide our firmest foundation for Halloween. From emphasizing dead souls (both good and evil), to decorating skeletons, lighting candles for processions, building bonfires to ward off evil spirits, organizing community feasts, and even encouraging carnival practices like costumes, the medieval and early modern traditions of “Hallowtide” fit well with our modern holiday. So what does this all mean? It means that when we celebrate Halloween, we are definitely participating in a tradition with deep historical roots. But, while those roots are firmly situated in the medieval Christian past, their historical connection to “paganism” is rather more tenuous.»
web.archive.org
- «Tudor Hallowtide». National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty. 2012. Αρχειοθετήθηκε από το πρωτότυπο στις 6 Οκτωβρίου 2014.
Hallowtide covers the three days – 31 October (All-Hallows Eve or Hallowe'en), 1 November (All Saints) and 2 November (All Souls).
- Hughes, Rebekkah (29 October 2014). «Happy Hallowe'en Surrey!». The Stag (University of Surrey): σελ. 1. Αρχειοθετήθηκε από το πρωτότυπο στις 19 November 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151119032631/http://www.ussu.co.uk/stagmedia/Documents/Issues/The%20Stag%20-%20Issue%2076%20(Small%20File%20Size).pdf. Ανακτήθηκε στις 31 October 2015. «Halloween or Hallowe'en, is the yearly celebration on October 31st that signifies the first day of Allhallowtide, being the time to remember the dead, including martyrs, saints and all faithful departed Christians.»
- * Moser, Stefan (29 Οκτωβρίου 2010). «Kein 'Trick or Treat' bei Salzburgs Kelten» (στα Γερμανικά). Salzburger Nachrichten. Αρχειοθετήθηκε από το πρωτότυπο στις 17 Μαρτίου 2014. Ανακτήθηκε στις 11 Αυγούστου 2017.
Die Kelten haben gar nichts mit Halloween zu tun", entkräftet Stefan Moser, Direktor des Keltenmuseums Hallein, einen weit verbreiteten Mythos. Moser sieht die Ursprünge von Halloween insgesamt in einem christlichen Brauch, nicht in einem keltischen.
- Döring, Alois; Bolinius, Erich (31 October 2006), Samhain – Halloween – Allerheiligen, FDP Emden
- «All Hallows Eve Service» (PDF). Duke University. 31 Οκτωβρίου 2012. Αρχειοθετήθηκε από το πρωτότυπο (PDF) στις 5 Οκτωβρίου 2013. Ανακτήθηκε στις 31 Μαΐου 2014.
About All Hallows Eve: Tonight is the eve of All Saints Day, the festival in the Church that recalls the faith and witness of the men and women who have come before us. The service celebrates our continuing communion with them, and memorializes the recently deceased. The early church followed the Jewish custom that a new day began at sundown; thus, feasts and festivals in the church were observed beginning the night before.
- Kernan, Joe (30 Οκτωβρίου 2013). «Not so spooky after all: The roots of Halloween are tamer than you think». Cranston Herald. Αρχειοθετήθηκε από το πρωτότυπο στις 26 Νοεμβρίου 2015. Ανακτήθηκε στις 31 Οκτωβρίου 2015.
By the early 20th century, Halloween, like Christmas, was commercialized. Pre-made costumes, decorations and special candy all became available. The Christian origins of the holiday were downplayed.
- Fieldhouse, Paul (17 Απριλίου 2017). Food, Feasts, and Faith: An Encyclopedia of Food Culture in World Religions (στα Αγγλικά). ABC-CLIO. σελ. 254. ISBN 978-1-61069-412-4. Αρχειοθετήθηκε από το πρωτότυπο στις 31 Οκτωβρίου 2017. Ανακτήθηκε στις 13 Αυγούστου 2017.
In Ireland, dishes based on potatoes and other vegetables were associated with Halloween, as meat was forbidden during the Catholic vigil and fast leading up to All Saint's Day.