Cook, Fred L.; Caruso, Thomas C.; Byrne, Michael P.; Bowers, Chauncey W.; Speck, Don H.; Liotta, Charles L. (1974). "Facile syntheses of 12-crown-4 and 15-crown-5". Tetrahedron Letters. 15 (46): 4029–4032. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(01)92075-1.
Liotta, Charles L.; Berkner, Joachim (2001), "12-Crown-4", Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, doi:10.1002/047084289X.rc262, ISBN978-0-471-93623-7
Caswell, Lyman R.; Savannunt, Diana S. (January 1988). "Temperature and solvent effects on the experimental dipole moments of three crown ethers". Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry. 25 (1): 73–79. doi:10.1002/jhet.5570250111.
