1640s (English Wikipedia)

"Marie de Médicis | queen of France". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
"Louis XIII | king of France". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
"Encyclopedia Briticanna". Encyclopedia Britannica. 12 July 2018.

british-civil-wars.co.uk

"British Civil Wars, Commonwealth and Protectorate 1638-60". Archived from the original on April 19, 2012. Retrieved August 28, 2013.
"British Civil Wars, Commonwealth and Protectorate 1638–60". Archived from the original on 2012-05-07. Retrieved 2009-10-23.

british-history.ac.uk

"March 1649 - An Act for the Abolishing the House of Peers". Retrieved 2012-02-16.

colonialvoyage.com

Ramerini, Marco. "The Portuguese in the Arabia Peninsula and in the Persian Gulf". Colonial Voyage. Archived from the original on September 11, 2015. Retrieved August 24, 2011.

doi.org

Coates (2003). "Law and the Cultural Production of Race and Racialized Systems of Oppression" (PDF). American Behavioral Scientist. 47 (3): 329–351. doi:10.1177/0002764203256190. S2CID 146357699.
Eddy, John A. (June 1976). "The Maunder Minimum". Science. 192 (4245): 1189–1202. Bibcode:1976Sci...192.1189E. doi:10.1126/science.192.4245.1189. JSTOR 1742583. PMID 17771739. S2CID 33896851.
Baumber, Michael (2004). "Blake, Robert (bap. 1598, d. 1657)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/2582. Retrieved 2010-08-24. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

dutchreview.com

Spuyman, Ceren (December 10, 2019). "Hugo de Groot: one of the greatest Dutch thinkers of all time". DutchReview. Retrieved August 28, 2020.

environment.gov.au

"Christmas Island history". Australian Government, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. November 2, 2011. Archived from the original on March 4, 2012. Retrieved December 9, 2011.

fonecta.fi

Lappeenrannan kaupunki tekniset palvelut ja rakentaminen tekninen toimiala kiinteistö- ja mittausosasto – Fonecta (in Finnish)

gov.gd

"The Town of St. George's - 300 years". Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved 2018-11-15.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Eddy, John A. (June 1976). "The Maunder Minimum". Science. 192 (4245): 1189–1202. Bibcode:1976Sci...192.1189E. doi:10.1126/science.192.4245.1189. JSTOR 1742583. PMID 17771739. S2CID 33896851.

helsinki.fi

halvi.helsinki.fi

Kuninkaallinen Turun akatemia Archived November 10, 2020, at the Wayback Machine – Arppeanum (in Finnish)

hisdates.com

"What Happened In 1644". hisdates.com. Retrieved 2016-03-03.

historicenvironment.scot

portal.historicenvironment.scot

Historic Environment Scotland. "Battle of Inverlochy II (BTL24)". Retrieved June 20, 2020.

history.co.uk

"The Ship of Gold: The '£1 Billion' Lost Treasure of the Merchant Royal", Sky Network/History Channel.

historyorb.com

"Historical Events for Year 1645 | OnThisDay.com". Historyorb.com. Retrieved July 8, 2016.

iranicaonline.org

Ghereghlou, Kioumars (2016). "ZAYNAB BEGUM". Encyclopaedia Iranica.

jstor.org

Elliott Horowitz (1989). "Coffee, Coffeehouses, and the Nocturnal Rituals of Early Modern Jewry". AJS Review. 14 (1). Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Association for Jewish Studies: 38. JSTOR 1486283.
M'Enery, M. J. (1904). "A Diary of the Siege of Limerick Castle, 1642". The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland. 5th. 34 (2): 163–87. JSTOR 25507363.
Eddy, John A. (June 1976). "The Maunder Minimum". Science. 192 (4245): 1189–1202. Bibcode:1976Sci...192.1189E. doi:10.1126/science.192.4245.1189. JSTOR 1742583. PMID 17771739. S2CID 33896851.

lappeenranta.fi

Lappeenranta: History

newenglandcompany.org

"History of the New England Company", New England Company website

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Eddy, John A. (June 1976). "The Maunder Minimum". Science. 192 (4245): 1189–1202. Bibcode:1976Sci...192.1189E. doi:10.1126/science.192.4245.1189. JSTOR 1742583. PMID 17771739. S2CID 33896851.

olivercromwell.org

"Christmas abolished! - Why did Cromwell abolish Christmas?". Oliver Cromwell. The Cromwell Association. 2001–2005. Retrieved 2011-10-23.

oxforddnb.com

Baumber, Michael (2004). "Blake, Robert (bap. 1598, d. 1657)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/2582. Retrieved 2010-08-24. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

oxonblueplaques.org.uk

"Civil War: Surrender of Oxford". Oxfordshire Blue Plaques Scheme. Oxfordshire Blue Plaques Board. 2013. Retrieved 2014-10-10.

pdx.edu

web.pdx.edu

Coates (2003). "Law and the Cultural Production of Race and Racialized Systems of Oppression" (PDF). American Behavioral Scientist. 47 (3): 329–351. doi:10.1177/0002764203256190. S2CID 146357699.

postennorge.com

"Milestones in Norway Post's history". postennorge.com. Archived from the original on October 24, 2016. Retrieved October 1, 2016.

revues.org

erea.revues.org

Humphrey, David. "To Sell England's Jewels: Queen Henrietta Maria's visits to the Continent, 1642 and 1644". E-rea. 11 (4). Retrieved 2015-11-06.

rkd.nl

"Anthony van Dyck". Netherlands Institute of Art. Retrieved March 20, 2021.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Coates (2003). "Law and the Cultural Production of Race and Racialized Systems of Oppression" (PDF). American Behavioral Scientist. 47 (3): 329–351. doi:10.1177/0002764203256190. S2CID 146357699.
Eddy, John A. (June 1976). "The Maunder Minimum". Science. 192 (4245): 1189–1202. Bibcode:1976Sci...192.1189E. doi:10.1126/science.192.4245.1189. JSTOR 1742583. PMID 17771739. S2CID 33896851.

snl.no

Rian, Øystein. "Hannibal Sehested". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 9 October 2012.

uchicago.edu

lib.uchicago.edu

"The Salem Witch Trials: Legal Resources". University of Chicago Library. Retrieved 2022-12-23.

undiscoveredscotland.co.uk

"King Charles II: Biography on Undiscovered Scotland". www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk. Retrieved 21 January 2021.

visitkristinestad.fi

Get to known the town: Urban traditions since 1649 – Visit Kristinestad

volcanolive.com

John Seach. "Geysir Volcano, Iceland". volcanolive.com. Retrieved March 4, 2016.

web.archive.org

Kuninkaallinen Turun akatemia Archived November 10, 2020, at the Wayback Machine – Arppeanum (in Finnish)
"British Civil Wars, Commonwealth and Protectorate 1638-60". Archived from the original on April 19, 2012. Retrieved August 28, 2013.
"British Civil Wars, Commonwealth and Protectorate 1638–60". Archived from the original on 2012-05-07. Retrieved 2009-10-23.
"Christmas Island history". Australian Government, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. November 2, 2011. Archived from the original on March 4, 2012. Retrieved December 9, 2011.
"Milestones in Norway Post's history". postennorge.com. Archived from the original on October 24, 2016. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
Ramerini, Marco. "The Portuguese in the Arabia Peninsula and in the Persian Gulf". Colonial Voyage. Archived from the original on September 11, 2015. Retrieved August 24, 2011.
"The Town of St. George's - 300 years". Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved 2018-11-15.
"Ball Family". George Washington's Mount Vernon. 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2025-02-01.

westminster-abbey.org

"Charles I". Westminster Abbey. Retrieved 8 October 2022.

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bayle, Pierre" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 557.

wrecksite.eu

"Guise (+1642)", Wrecksite.Eu