1952 Summer Olympics (English Wikipedia)

"Olympialaisten maahockeyotteluiden muistolaatta" [Commemorative plaque for the Olympic field hockey matches]. City of Hämeenlinna. Archived from the original on 22 October 2018.

hel.fi (Global: 7,353^rd place; English: low place)

mrl.edu.hel.fi

"SUOMEN HAAVE OLYMPIAISÄNNYYDESTÄ JA SEN TOTEUTUMINEN" [Finland 's dream of hosting an Olympics and its realization] (in Finnish). City of Helsinki. Archived from the original on 25 March 2008. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
"Vaikutukset Suomeen, suomalaisiin ja Helsingin kehitykseen kaupunkina" [Impacts on Finland, Finns and the development of Helsinki as a city]. City of Helsinki. Archived from the original on 25 March 2008.
"Vaikutukset Suomeen, suomalaisiin ja Helsingin kehitykseen kaupunkina" [Impacts on Finland, Finns and the development of Helsinki as a city]. Helsingin kaupunki. 22 October 2018. Archived from the original on 25 March 2008.

independent.co.uk (Global: 36^th place; English: 33^rd place)

Sims, Alexandra (9 August 2016). "Rio 2016: Vietnam wins first ever Olympic gold medal". The Independent. Archived from the original on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2025.

itsenaisyys100.fi (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Suursota esti suomalaisten odottaman Helsingin olympiaisännyyden 1940" [The Great War prevented the Helsinki Olympics 1940]. Suomifinland100.fi (in Finnish). Helsinki Finnish Club. Retrieved 16 July 2017.

keski-uusimaa.fi (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Syöpä selätetty, juhlistetaan juosten" [Cancer reversed, celebrated by running]. Central Uusimaa. Etelä-Suomen Media. 23 November 2014. Archived from the original on 8 December 2014.

la84.org (Global: 4,945^th place; English: 3,852^nd place)

digital.la84.org

Kolkka 1955, p. 105. Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.
Kolkka 1955, p. 219. Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.
Kolkka 1955, p. 205. Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.
Kolkka 1955, p. 209. Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.
Kolkka 1955, p. 211. Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.
Kolkka 1955, pp. 215–217. Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.
Kolkka 1955, p. 672. Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.
Kolkka 1955, p. 690. Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.
Kolkka 1955, p. 691. Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.
Kolkka 1955, p. 624. Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.
Kolkka 1955, p. 471. Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.
Kolkka 1955, p. 505. Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.
Kolkka 1955, p. 396. Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.
Kolkka 1955, p. 346. Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.
Kolkka 1955, p. 382. Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.
Kolkka 1955, p. 638. Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.
Kolkka 1955, p. 606. Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.
Kolkka 1955, p. 54. Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.
Kolkka 1955, p. 607. Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.
Kolkka 1955, p. 558. Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.
Kolkka 1955, p. 443. Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.
Kolkka 1955, p. 44. Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.
Kolkka 1955, p. 47. Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.
Kolkka 1955, p. 48. Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.
Kolkka 1955, p. 51. Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.
Kolkka 1955, p. 57. Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.
Kolkka 1955, p. 58. Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.
Kolkka 1955, p. 52. Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.
Kolkka 1955, p. 306. Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.
Kolkka 1955, p. 166. Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.
Kolkka 1955, pp. 164–165. Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.
Kolkka 1955, pp. 167–168. Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.

latimes.com (Global: 22^nd place; English: 19^th place)

Oates, Bob (22 July 1986). "Sports in Soviet Union Only For Elite: There Are Top Athletes, and Then There Are Those Who Sunbathe and Watch Drawbridges Go Up". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2021.

marketplace.org (Global: low place; English: 6,795^th place)

Marc Sollinger (6 February 2014). "The 9 weirdest cities that have hosted the Olympics (and why!)". www.marketplace.org.

mtv3.fi (Global: 5,684^th place; English: low place)

"What happened then". MTV3. 1 July 2008.^{[dead link]}

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Washburn, J.N. (21 July 1974). "Soviet Amateur Athlete: A Real Pro". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 19 April 2019. Retrieved 26 July 2021.
Salisbury, Harrison E. (5 August 1952). "Russians Hail Olympic 'Victory' But Fail to Substantiate Claim; Pravda Cites 'World Superiority' of Soviet Athletes in Helsinki Games Without Providing Tabulation of Points". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
Byron, Lee; Cox, Amanda; Ericson, Matthew (4 August 2008). "A Map of Olympic Medals". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 February 2015.

olympic.org (Global: 808^th place; English: 889^th place)

olympic.org

"Helsinki 1952 – Games of the XV Olympiad". International Olympic Committee. 11 March 2016. Archived from the original on 19 June 2008.
"Factsheet – The Games of the Olympiad" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 January 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
"Helsinki 1952". Official Website of the Olympic Movement. 11 March 2016.
"Event results". Official Website of the Olympic Movement. 11 March 2016. Archived from the original on 23 April 2016.
"Paul Elvstrom". Olympic.ca. Official website of the Olympic Movement. Archived from the original on 1 August 2008.

stillmed.olympic.org

"Factsheet – Opening Ceremony of the Games of the Olympiad" (PDF) (Press release). International Olympic Committee. 13 September 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 August 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2018.

olympics.com (Global: 637^th place; English: 519^th place)

olympics.com

"Bahamas – Profile". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2025.
"Guatemala – Profile". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 30 November 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2025.
"Hong Kong, China – Profile". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 11 December 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2025.
"Indonesia – Profile". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2025.
"Israel – Profile". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2025.
"Nigeria – Profile". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 22 January 2025.
"Thailand – Profile". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2025.

stillmed.olympics.com

"The Games of the Olympiad" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. 20 June 2024. Retrieved 24 January 2025.

reuters.com (Global: 49^th place; English: 47^th place)

Mulvenney, Nick (7 August 2008). "Chen Chengda, China's almost Olympian". Reuters. Retrieved 16 September 2015.

seura.fi (Global: low place; English: low place)

Antero Raevuori (24 April 2013). "Winter War and Olympic Games". Seura.fi (in Finnish). Otavamedia. Retrieved 15 July 2017.

sibeliuspuistonminigolf.fi (Global: low place; English: low place)

Sibelius Park Mini Golf. "Sibelius Park Mini Golf: History" (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 29 March 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2012.

slu.fi (Global: low place; English: low place)

Saarnivaara, Pete (2012). ""Viimeiset oikeat olympialaiset" on suomalaisten oma keksintö" [“The Last Real Olympics” is Finns' own invention]. The World of Exercise and Sport (20/02). Finnish Sports and Sports SLU Association. Archived from the original on 13 March 2012. Retrieved 12 June 2008.

sports-reference.com (Global: 174^th place; English: 130^th place)

"1952 Helsinki Summer Games". Sports-Reference. 11 March 2016. Archived from the original on 6 September 2008. Retrieved 8 June 2021.

thegymter.net (Global: low place; English: 9,215^th place)

Hopkins, Lauren (2 March 2016). "Our First Individual Medals Helsinki 1952". TheGymter.net. Retrieved 30 December 2025.

tilastokeskus.fi (Global: low place; English: low place)

Statistics Finland, Monetary coefficient 1860–2011. Referred to 9 January 2013.

time.com (Global: 61^st place; English: 54^th place)

"Sport: The Games Begin". Time. 28 July 1952. Archived from the original on 25 November 2010.

urheilumuseo.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Helsinki Olympics 1952 Publication". Sports Museum. Archived from the original on 30 May 2009. Retrieved 1 July 2008.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Factsheet – Opening Ceremony of the Games of the Olympiad" (PDF) (Press release). International Olympic Committee. 13 September 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 August 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
"Bahamas – Profile". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2025.
"Guatemala – Profile". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 30 November 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2025.
"Hong Kong, China – Profile". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 11 December 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2025.
"Indonesia – Profile". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2025.
"Israel – Profile". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2025.
"Netherlands Antilles | History, Flag, Capital, Currency, & Facts". Encyclopædia Britannica. 12 December 2024. Archived from the original on 15 January 2025. Retrieved 23 January 2025.
"Thailand – Profile". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2025.
Sims, Alexandra (9 August 2016). "Rio 2016: Vietnam wins first ever Olympic gold medal". The Independent. Archived from the original on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2025.
"International Olympic Committee Vote History". 9 September 2013. Archived from the original on 25 May 2008. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
"SUOMEN HAAVE OLYMPIAISÄNNYYDESTÄ JA SEN TOTEUTUMINEN" [Finland 's dream of hosting an Olympics and its realization] (in Finnish). City of Helsinki. Archived from the original on 25 March 2008. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
Margol, Brenna. "How the Cold War Affected the Olympic Movement". Drexel University. Archived from the original on 7 January 2010.
"Sport: The Games Begin". Time. 28 July 1952. Archived from the original on 25 November 2010.
Sibelius Park Mini Golf. "Sibelius Park Mini Golf: History" (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 29 March 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2012.
Koskinen, Juha T. "Olympiafanfaari ja -hymni" [Olympic Fanfare and Anthem] (in Finnish). Yle Theme. Archived from the original on 15 February 2005. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
Washburn, J.N. (21 July 1974). "Soviet Amateur Athlete: A Real Pro". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 19 April 2019. Retrieved 26 July 2021.
Oates, Bob (22 July 1986). "Sports in Soviet Union Only For Elite: There Are Top Athletes, and Then There Are Those Who Sunbathe and Watch Drawbridges Go Up". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2021.
"Info" (PDF). www.cia.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 January 2017. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
1952 Summer Olympics official report. p. 91. – accessed 1 August 2010.^{[dead link]}
"Helsinki 1952 – Games of the XV Olympiad". International Olympic Committee. 11 March 2016. Archived from the original on 19 June 2008.
"Factsheet – The Games of the Olympiad" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 January 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
"Event results". Official Website of the Olympic Movement. 11 March 2016. Archived from the original on 23 April 2016.
"1952 Helsinki Summer Games". Sports-Reference. 11 March 2016. Archived from the original on 6 September 2008. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
Piskor, Tommy (20 December 2015). "USSR – Yugoslavia, the Story of Two Different Football Conceptions". russianfootballnews.com. Archived from the original on 24 April 2017.
"Paul Elvstrom". Olympic.ca. Official website of the Olympic Movement. Archived from the original on 1 August 2008.
"Olympialaisten maahockeyotteluiden muistolaatta" [Commemorative plaque for the Olympic field hockey matches]. City of Hämeenlinna. Archived from the original on 22 October 2018.
"Syöpä selätetty, juhlistetaan juosten" [Cancer reversed, celebrated by running]. Central Uusimaa. Etelä-Suomen Media. 23 November 2014. Archived from the original on 8 December 2014.
Korhonen, Anna. "Helsinki Olympics 1952". YLE Theme. Archived from the original on 8 March 2007. Retrieved 12 June 2008.
"Vaikutukset Suomeen, suomalaisiin ja Helsingin kehitykseen kaupunkina" [Impacts on Finland, Finns and the development of Helsinki as a city]. City of Helsinki. Archived from the original on 25 March 2008.
"Vaikutukset Suomeen, suomalaisiin ja Helsingin kehitykseen kaupunkina" [Impacts on Finland, Finns and the development of Helsinki as a city]. Helsingin kaupunki. 22 October 2018. Archived from the original on 25 March 2008.
"Helsinki Olympics 1952 Publication". Sports Museum. Archived from the original on 30 May 2009. Retrieved 1 July 2008.
Saarnivaara, Pete (2012). ""Viimeiset oikeat olympialaiset" on suomalaisten oma keksintö" [“The Last Real Olympics” is Finns' own invention]. The World of Exercise and Sport (20/02). Finnish Sports and Sports SLU Association. Archived from the original on 13 March 2012. Retrieved 12 June 2008.

yle.fi (Global: 380^th place; English: 933^rd place)

"Hotelli Palace oli Helsingin moderni majapaikka". yle.fi (in Finnish). 13 December 2011. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
"Stadionin vanha tulostaulu". yle.fi (in Finnish). 8 September 2006. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
"Ylen vuosikymmenet". yle.fi (in Finnish). 11 January 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
Koskinen, Juha T. "Olympiafanfaari ja -hymni" [Olympic Fanfare and Anthem] (in Finnish). Yle Theme. Archived from the original on 15 February 2005. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
Finnish president Paasikivi sends his Olympic greetings in English
Korhonen, Anna. "Helsinki Olympics 1952". YLE Theme. Archived from the original on 8 March 2007. Retrieved 12 June 2008.
Haarala, Joona (25 September 2010). "Dynamo-klubi ja Lahnajärven seisake olisivat säilyttämisen arvoisia". Yle (in Finnish). Retrieved 19 July 2025.

1952 Summer Olympics (English Wikipedia)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8th place; English: 10th place)

news.bbc.co.uk

britannica.com (Global: 40th place; English: 58th place)

bu.edu (Global: 2,120th place; English: 1,328th place)

blogs.bu.edu

cia.gov (Global: 89th place; English: 147th place)

crownandcaliber.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

blog.crownandcaliber.com

drexel.edu (Global: 9,118th place; English: 5,661st place)

pages.drexel.edu

gamesbids.com (Global: low place; English: 9,395th place)

gymnastics.sport (Global: 8,498th place; English: 5,770th place)

hameenlinna.fi (Global: low place; English: low place)

hel.fi (Global: 7,353rd place; English: low place)

mrl.edu.hel.fi

independent.co.uk (Global: 36th place; English: 33rd place)

itsenaisyys100.fi (Global: low place; English: low place)

keski-uusimaa.fi (Global: low place; English: low place)

la84.org (Global: 4,945th place; English: 3,852nd place)

digital.la84.org

latimes.com (Global: 22nd place; English: 19th place)

marketplace.org (Global: low place; English: 6,795th place)

mtv3.fi (Global: 5,684th place; English: low place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

olympic.org (Global: 808th place; English: 889th place)

olympic.org

stillmed.olympic.org

olympics.com (Global: 637th place; English: 519th place)

olympics.com

stillmed.olympics.com

reuters.com (Global: 49th place; English: 47th place)

seura.fi (Global: low place; English: low place)

sibeliuspuistonminigolf.fi (Global: low place; English: low place)

slu.fi (Global: low place; English: low place)

sports-reference.com (Global: 174th place; English: 130th place)

thegymter.net (Global: low place; English: 9,215th place)

tilastokeskus.fi (Global: low place; English: low place)

time.com (Global: 61st place; English: 54th place)

urheilumuseo.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

yle.fi (Global: 380th place; English: 933rd place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; English: 10^th place)

britannica.com (Global: 40^th place; English: 58^th place)

bu.edu (Global: 2,120^th place; English: 1,328^th place)

cia.gov (Global: 89^th place; English: 147^th place)

drexel.edu (Global: 9,118^th place; English: 5,661^st place)

gamesbids.com (Global: low place; English: 9,395^th place)

gymnastics.sport (Global: 8,498^th place; English: 5,770^th place)

hel.fi (Global: 7,353^rd place; English: low place)

independent.co.uk (Global: 36^th place; English: 33^rd place)

la84.org (Global: 4,945^th place; English: 3,852^nd place)

latimes.com (Global: 22^nd place; English: 19^th place)

marketplace.org (Global: low place; English: 6,795^th place)

mtv3.fi (Global: 5,684^th place; English: low place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

olympic.org (Global: 808^th place; English: 889^th place)

olympics.com (Global: 637^th place; English: 519^th place)

reuters.com (Global: 49^th place; English: 47^th place)

sports-reference.com (Global: 174^th place; English: 130^th place)

thegymter.net (Global: low place; English: 9,215^th place)

time.com (Global: 61^st place; English: 54^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

yle.fi (Global: 380^th place; English: 933^rd place)