1976 Tangshan earthquake (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "1976 Tangshan earthquake" in English language version.

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  • Pararas-Carayannis, George (March 2001). The Big One: The Next Great California Earthquake; Understanding Why, Where, and when, It Will Happen. Forbes Pub. ISBN 9780970972507.
  • Spignesi (2005, pp. 47–48) quotes from a geocities.com webpage of "Dr. George" that is no longer available. Spignesi quotes Pararas-Carayannis as saying that, in the 1556 earthquake, "in some counties the average death toll was 60 percent of the total population", and that it was reasonable to expect a similar proportion of deaths at Tangshan since the magnitudes were similar (assuming that the intensity of ground-shaking was also similar), and "since construction standards for this rural area had not changed significantly" (Spignesi 2005, pp. 47–48). However, that premise is false: the large death toll in Shaanxi has been attributed to the yaodong style of construction peculiar to that region, where rooms, and entire buildings, are carved out of a thick layer of soft sediments (loess) that blankets the region, leaving walls of weak material similar to adobe to support the roof (Golany 1992, pp. 7, 1). Spignesi, Stephen J. (2005), "Chapter 15: The 1976 Tangshan, China, Earthquake", Catastrophe!: The 100 Greatest Disasters of All Time, Citadel Press, ISBN 978-0-8065-2558-7. Spignesi, Stephen J. (2005), "Chapter 15: The 1976 Tangshan, China, Earthquake", Catastrophe!: The 100 Greatest Disasters of All Time, Citadel Press, ISBN 978-0-8065-2558-7. Golany, Gideon S. (1992), Chinese Earth-Sheltered Dwellings: Indigenous Lessons for Modern Urban Design, University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 978-0-8248-1369-7.
  • Li 2016, p. 420. Li, Lisa Yinghong (2016), "Chapter 21: Experiencing Disasters in Two Places: China's 1976 Tangshan Earthquake and Japan's 2011 Earthquake, Tsunami, and Nuclear Radiation", in Karan, Pradyumna P.; Suganuma, Unryu (eds.), Japan after 3/11: Global Perspectives on the Earthquake, Tsunami, and Fukushima Meltdown, University Press of Kentucky, pp. 417–431, ISBN 978-0-8131-6730-5.
  • Xinhua News Agency, 29 July 2017. The initial estimates of 600,000 to 750,000 deaths were based on a faulty comparison with the Shaanxi earthquake. Spignesi 2005, pp. 47–48. 唐山地震纪念墙上的新名字:每个名字,都是一块墓碑 [The new name on the Tangshan earthquake memorial wall: each name is a tombstone] (in Chinese), Xinhua News Agency, 29 July 2017, archived from the original on 7 February 2019, retrieved 27 February 2019 Spignesi, Stephen J. (2005), "Chapter 15: The 1976 Tangshan, China, Earthquake", Catastrophe!: The 100 Greatest Disasters of All Time, Citadel Press, ISBN 978-0-8065-2558-7.

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  • Raleigh et al. (1977, p. 260), quoting the Peking Review (1975, p. 20), state:

    The link between politics and earthquake prediction is well expressed by the following statement: 'This is eloquent proof that in socialist New China, under the leadership of Chairman Mao and the Communist Party and by relying on the masses and professional seismological workers armed with Marxism – Leninism – Mao Tze-tung thought and preserving in practice and summing up experience conscientiously, not only can signs indicating an earthquake be observed but predictions and forecasts can be made and damage can be greatly minimized by doing a good job of precautionary work'.

    See also Cha (1976, p. 7), attributing achievement of rapid progress to "the victory of our great proletarian cultural revolution.

    Raleigh, C. B.; Bennett, G.; Craig, H.; Hanks, T.; Molnar, P.; Nur, A.; Savage, J.; Scholz, C.; Turner, R.; Wu, F. (May 1977), "Prediction of the Haicheng earthquake", Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 58 (5): 236–272, Bibcode:1977EOSTr..58..236., doi:10.1029/EO058i005p00236.The Haicheng Earthquake Study Delegation. "Southern Liaoning: Results of earthquake prediction and forecasting" (PDF), Peking Review, vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 20–21, 21 March 1975 Cha, Chi-Yuan (August 1976), "General Conditions of Earthquake Studies and Actions in China" (PDF), in Muller, Paul M. (ed.), Proceedings of Lectures by the Seismological Delegation of the PRC, Special Report 43-32, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, pp. 5–11. English translation by JPL of a lecture originally published in 1976 in a special issue of the Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan (in Japanese).

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