2002 Venezuelan coup attempt (English Wikipedia)

Rey, J. C. (2002), "Consideraciones políticas sobre un insólito golpe de Estado" Archived 3 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine, pp. 1–16; cited in Cannon (2004:296); "In 2002, Venezuela's military and some of its business leaders ousted President Chavez from power and held him hostage." (N. Scott Cole (2007), "Hugo Chavez and President Bush's credibility gap: The struggle against US democracy promotion", International Political Science Review, 28(4), p498)
"Chávez destacó que el gobierno aprobó 49 leyes en el marco de la Ley Habilitante". Analitica.com (in European Spanish). 14 November 2001. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
(in Spanish) Acta de constitución del Gobierno de Transición Democrática y Unidad Nacional Archived 2 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine

archive-it.org

wayback.archive-it.org

TSJ (2005). "T1 ST04 N5" (PDF). Tribunal Supremo de Justicia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 November 2005. Retrieved 9 June 2006..

asambleanacional.gov.ve

Hernández, Enrique (7 May 2002). "Capriles: "Nunca apoyé el gobierno de Carmona"" (in Spanish). Asamblea Nacional de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela. Retrieved 4 March 2007.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

Interim Venezuelan president sworn in. BBC News. (13 April 2002). URL. Retrieved 30 May 2007
"Venezuela is promised 'political revolution'". BBC. 2 February 1999. Retrieved 4 March 2007.
Branford, Becky (13 August 2004). "Analysis: Chavez at eye of storm". BBC. Retrieved 4 March 2007.
"OPEP: crisis petrolera a la vista". BBC. 8 April 2002. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
"Dos generales complican a Chavez" (in Spanish). 10 April 2002. Retrieved 10 September 2024.
BBC news. (BBC 5 October 2004) Venezuela investiga el "Carmonazo". Retrieved 13 June 2006. (in Spanish)
BBC news. (BBC 13 April 2002) Interim Venezuelan president sworn in. Retrieved 31 August 2006
BBC News http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/newsnight/1985670.stm "Warning to Venezuelan leader". Retrieved 22 September 2007
BBC, 16 April 2002, US denies backing Chavez plotters

books.google.com

Gott, Richard (2005), Hugo Chávez and the Bolivarian Revolution, Verso Books, p223
Gott, Richard (2005), Hugo Chávez and the Bolivarian Revolution, Verso Books, p224
Gott, Richard (2005), Hugo Chávez and the Bolivarian Revolution, Verso Books, p225

brianandrewnelson.com

Nelson, Brian Andrew. "A PHOTOGRAPHIC CHRONOLOGY OF THE VIOLENCE ON BARALT AVENUE". BrianAndrewNelson.com. Retrieved 12 August 2015.

chicagotribune.com

"Venezuela's president forced out". Chicago Tribune. 12 April 2002. Retrieved 10 September 2024.

diariodom.com

este.diariodom.com

"Ex juez afirma que Chávez ordenó condenar a grupo opositor". Diario Dom. 14 September 2012. Retrieved 8 February 2015.

diariolasamericas.com

"Puente Llaguno: Cinco policías venezolanos están aún tras las rejas". Diario Las Américas (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 June 2022.

diplo.org.br

Maurice Lemoine, Le Monde Diplomatique, August 2002, (French)"Coups d'Etat sans frontière", (Portuguese)"Golpes Sem Fronteiras".

doi.org

Schiller, Naomi (30 September 2009). "Framing the Revolution: Circulation and Meaning of". Mass Communication and Society. 12 (4): 478–502. doi:10.1080/15205430903237832. S2CID 54830692.

economist.com

"News that's fit to print". The Economist. 19 October 2013. Retrieved 30 June 2015.

elpais.com

Venezuela: por qué fracasó el golpe
"Chávez escribió una carta de renuncia cuando estaba bajo arresto del Ejército". El País (in Spanish). 19 April 2002. ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
"El empresario Pedro Carmona pide asilo político en la embajada de Colombia". El País (in Spanish). 23 May 2002. ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 18 May 2021.

eluniversal.com

"GOBIERNO VIOLÓ LA CONSTITUCIÓN". El Universal (in Spanish). 7 October 2018. Archived from the original on 15 July 2014. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
"Chávez ha dictado 143 leyes vía Habilitante desde 2001". El Universal (in Spanish). 28 December 2011. Archived from the original on 17 June 2015. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
"LOS POLICÍAS SENTENCIADOS". El Universal. 7 April 2013. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
"A confession letter by former justice Aponte Aponte is revealed". El Universal. 13 September 2012. Retrieved 8 February 2015.

politica.eluniversal.com

"Esposa de Gebauer espera publicación en Gaceta de Ley de Amnistía". El Universal (in Spanish). 2 January 2008. Retrieved 31 January 2010. Otto Gebauer fue imputado por el delito de insubordinación y privación ilegítima de libertad al coronel Hugo Chávez Frías,

buscador.eluniversal.com

"ATTORNEY GENERAL'S OFFICE ADMITS THAT VENEZUELAN GOVERNMENT EXCEEDED ITS AUTHORITY IN ENACTING ENABLING LAW". Archived from the original on 4 April 2008. Retrieved 10 July 2018.

foreignpolicy.com

Fossett, Katelyn. "How the Venezuelan Government Made the Media into Its Most Powerful Ally". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
Lansberg-Rodríguez, Daniel (15 March 2015). "Coup Fatigue in Caracas". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 10 July 2015.

ghostarchive.org

"🇻🇪 Hugo Chavez and the coup that never happened", Al Jazeera, 8 February 2018, archived from the original on 22 December 2021, retrieved 30 August 2018

hrw.org

World Report 2012: Venezuela (Report). Human Rights Watch. 22 January 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2014.

informit.com.au

search.informit.com.au

Castillo, Antonio. "Breaking Democracy: Venezuela's Media Coup" [online]. Media International Australia, Incorporating Culture & Policy, No. 108, August 2003: 145–156. Availability: <http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=013180178483702;res=IELLCC> ISSN 1329-878X. [cited 10 May 12].

infovenezuela.org

TSJ (2005). "T1 ST04 N5" (PDF). Tribunal Supremo de Justicia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 November 2005. Retrieved 9 June 2006..

latimes.com

articles.latimes.com

Tobar, Hector; McDonnell, Patrick J.; Richter, Paul (22 April 2002). "Rapid-Fire Coup Caught Chavez Foes Off Guard". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 4 December 2013. Retrieved 7 February 2015.

latimes.com

Los Angeles Times, 21 April 2002 Sunday, "He's In, He's Out, He's In", BYLINE: SANDRA HERNANDEZ, SECTION: OPINION; Part M; p. 1

miami.com

Gunson, Phil (3 February 2005). "Bribe allegations emerge against slain prosecutor". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on 20 February 2005. Retrieved 11 April 2015.

monde-diplomatique.fr

Maurice Lemoine, Le Monde Diplomatique, August 2002, (French)"Coups d'Etat sans frontière", (Portuguese)"Golpes Sem Fronteiras".

mondediplo.com

Maurice Lemoine, Le Monde Diplomatique, 10 August 2002, "Venezuela's press power". (Archived by WebCite at)

newsweek.com

Phil Gunson, Newsweek, 11 November 2001, "Is Hugo Chávez Insane?"
Newsweek, 29 April 2002, Hugo's Close Call

nexis.com

w3.nexis.com

The Washington Times, 25 April 2002, Thursday, Final Edition, "The fall and rise of Hugo Chavez", SECTION: EDITORIALS; p. A18

nodo50.org

"Venezuela: Hugo Chávez otro populista.-10 las 49 leyes". www.nodo50.org. Retrieved 10 July 2018.

nytimes.com

Forero, Juan (13 April 2002). "UPRISING IN VENEZUELA: THE GOVERNMENT; VENEZUELA'S CHIEF FORCED TO RESIGN; CIVILIAN INSTALLED". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
"Hugo Chávez Departs", Published: 13 April 2002, The New York Times, EDITORIAL, URL:
Forero, Juan (3 December 2004). "Documents Show C.I.A. Knew of a Coup Plot in Venezuela". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
"U.S. Cautioned Leader of Plot Against Chávez". The New York Times. 17 April 2002.
"Bush Officials Met With Venezuelans Who Ousted Leader". The New York Times. 16 April 2002.
Rohter, Larry (25 June 2010). "Oliver Stone's Latin America". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 September 2015.

oas.org

cidh.oas.org

"Caso Andrés Trujillo y otros (hechos del 11 de abril de 2002), Venezuela". Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. 20 July 2007. 40:32.

oas.org

OAS, Agreement Between the Representatives of the Government of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and the Political and Social Groups Supporting It, and the Coordinadora Democratica and the Political and Civil Society Organizations Supporting It, Caracas, 23 May 2003.

pbs.org

Read, Oliver (28 December 2006). "Venezuela's Media Wrestles with Stigmas, New Rules". PBS. Archived from the original on 27 January 2007. Retrieved 4 March 2007.

pcarmonae.blogspot.com

Estanga, Pedro F. Carmona (21 March 2011). "Desde la distancia: LIBRO: "MI TESTIMONIO ANTE LA HISTORIA", por Pedro Carmona E. 2005". Desde la distancia. Archived from the original on 11 May 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2018.

prodavinci.com

historico.prodavinci.com

"Fotografías de Abril de 2002: de la marcha al golpe // @Orinoquiaphoto en #ImagoMundi". Prodavinci (in Spanish). 11 April 2016. Retrieved 12 June 2022.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Schiller, Naomi (30 September 2009). "Framing the Revolution: Circulation and Meaning of". Mass Communication and Society. 12 (4): 478–502. doi:10.1080/15205430903237832. S2CID 54830692.

state.gov

"PDVSA: THE HEAVY HAND OF HUGO CHAVEZ" (PDF). United States Department of State. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
"VENEZUELA'S WORK STOPPAGE – CREATION OF AN OPPOSITION COORDINATING COMMITTEE" (PDF). United States Department of State. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
""PARO" UPDATE/GENERAL STRIKE ANNOUNCED" (PDF). United States Department of State. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
"TALE OF TWO CITIES – THE MARCH ON MIRAFLORES PALACE" (PDF). United States Department of State. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
"CODEL BALLENGER 4/27 DINNER WITH MEDIA OWNERS" (PDF). United States Department of State. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
"MEDIA REACTION: VENEZUELA AND DEMOCRACY" (PDF). United States Department of State. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
"VENEZUELAN POLITICAL PROSECUTIONS UPDATE" (PDF). United States Department of State. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2015.

2001-2009.state.gov

U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. 31 March 2003 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – 2002. Retrieved 4 August 2006.
"Venezuela: Change of Government".

oig.state.gov

"A Review of U.S. Policy Toward Venezuela November 2001 – April 2002" United States Department of State and the Broadcasting Board of Governors Office of Inspector General, July 2002. Archived from the original, the original a "Page not found" dead link, in attempted retrieval, 12 March 2015

stpetersburgtimes.com

David Adams and Phil Gunson, St. Petersburg Times, 18 April 2002, Media accused in failed coup Archived 7 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine

theguardian.com

Bellos, Alex (15 April 2002). "Chavez rises from very peculiar coup". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
Greg Palast, The Guardian, 13 May 2002, Opec chief warned Chavez about coup
Bellos, Alex (15 April 2002). "Chávez rises from very peculiar coup". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 July 2006.
Observer International, 2002, 'Venezuela coup linked to Bush team'. Retrieved 22 September 2007
"Venezuela coup linked to Bush team". The Observer. 21 April 2002.
"US 'gave the nod' to Venezuelan coup". The Guardian. 17 April 2002.

thejournal.ie

McKenna, Aaron (9 March 2013). "Chávez was a charismatic leader – but his economic legacy should be a warning". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 13 September 2015.

tsj.gov.ve

Sentencia de los Militares Archived 28 April 2005 at the Wayback Machine. (in Spanish) Retrieved 17 November 2005.

ultimasnoticias.com.ve

"Círculos bolivarianos protestaron" (in Spanish). Últimas Noticias. 13 April 2002. Archived from the original on 2 November 2003. Retrieved 11 April 2008.

unam.mx

jornada.unam.mx

"Insurrección civil y militar termina con el golpe; Chávez, en Miraflores". La Jornada (in Spanish). 14 April 2002. Retrieved 4 March 2007.

unionradio.com.ve

"Cecilia Sosa no ha sido notificada formalmente medida privativa de libertad" (in Spanish). Unión Radio. 21 October 2005. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 4 March 2007.

upo.es

"EL PRIMER CHAVEZ EN LA PRENSA ESPAÑOLA" (PDF).

usatoday.com

USA Today, 31 December 2007, Chavez pardons accused coup backers

veneconomy.com

"Veneconomía" (PDF) (in Spanish). 15 March 2006. Retrieved 29 January 2010.

web.archive.org

"Círculos bolivarianos protestaron" (in Spanish). Últimas Noticias. 13 April 2002. Archived from the original on 2 November 2003. Retrieved 11 April 2008.
Tobar, Hector; McDonnell, Patrick J.; Richter, Paul (22 April 2002). "Rapid-Fire Coup Caught Chavez Foes Off Guard". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 4 December 2013. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
Rey, J. C. (2002), "Consideraciones políticas sobre un insólito golpe de Estado" Archived 3 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine, pp. 1–16; cited in Cannon (2004:296); "In 2002, Venezuela's military and some of its business leaders ousted President Chavez from power and held him hostage." (N. Scott Cole (2007), "Hugo Chavez and President Bush's credibility gap: The struggle against US democracy promotion", International Political Science Review, 28(4), p498)
"Cecilia Sosa no ha sido notificada formalmente medida privativa de libertad" (in Spanish). Unión Radio. 21 October 2005. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 4 March 2007.
Read, Oliver (28 December 2006). "Venezuela's Media Wrestles with Stigmas, New Rules". PBS. Archived from the original on 27 January 2007. Retrieved 4 March 2007.
Estanga, Pedro F. Carmona (21 March 2011). "Desde la distancia: LIBRO: "MI TESTIMONIO ANTE LA HISTORIA", por Pedro Carmona E. 2005". Desde la distancia. Archived from the original on 11 May 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
"ATTORNEY GENERAL'S OFFICE ADMITS THAT VENEZUELAN GOVERNMENT EXCEEDED ITS AUTHORITY IN ENACTING ENABLING LAW". Archived from the original on 4 April 2008. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
"GOBIERNO VIOLÓ LA CONSTITUCIÓN". El Universal (in Spanish). 7 October 2018. Archived from the original on 15 July 2014. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
"Chávez ha dictado 143 leyes vía Habilitante desde 2001". El Universal (in Spanish). 28 December 2011. Archived from the original on 17 June 2015. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
"PDVSA: THE HEAVY HAND OF HUGO CHAVEZ" (PDF). United States Department of State. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
"Programa N° 101 desde la Plaza José María Vargas". Aló Presidente. 7 April 2002. Archived from the original on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
"VENEZUELA'S WORK STOPPAGE – CREATION OF AN OPPOSITION COORDINATING COMMITTEE" (PDF). United States Department of State. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
""PARO" UPDATE/GENERAL STRIKE ANNOUNCED" (PDF). United States Department of State. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
"TALE OF TWO CITIES – THE MARCH ON MIRAFLORES PALACE" (PDF). United States Department of State. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
Harnecker, Marta. (Z Communications, 9 January 2003)."Lessons of the April Coup: Harnecker interviews Chávez". Retrieved 7 September 2010. Archived 21 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine
(in Spanish) Acta de constitución del Gobierno de Transición Democrática y Unidad Nacional Archived 2 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine
"CODEL BALLENGER 4/27 DINNER WITH MEDIA OWNERS" (PDF). United States Department of State. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
David Adams and Phil Gunson, St. Petersburg Times, 18 April 2002, Media accused in failed coup Archived 7 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine
"White House Press Briefing". Archived from the original on 17 January 2009. Retrieved 2 October 2013.
"US 'likely behind' Chavez coup". Al Jazeera. 21 September 2009. Archived from the original on 22 September 2009. Retrieved 23 September 2009.
"MEDIA REACTION: VENEZUELA AND DEMOCRACY" (PDF). United States Department of State. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
"A Review of U.S. Policy Toward Venezuela November 2001 – April 2002" United States Department of State and the Broadcasting Board of Governors Office of Inspector General, July 2002. Archived from the original, the original a "Page not found" dead link, in attempted retrieval, 12 March 2015
Sentencia de los Militares Archived 28 April 2005 at the Wayback Machine. (in Spanish) Retrieved 17 November 2005.
"VENEZUELAN POLITICAL PROSECUTIONS UPDATE" (PDF). United States Department of State. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
Gunson, Phil (3 February 2005). "Bribe allegations emerge against slain prosecutor". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on 20 February 2005. Retrieved 11 April 2015.

whitehouse.gov

"White House Press Briefing". Archived from the original on 17 January 2009. Retrieved 2 October 2013.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

"Chávez escribió una carta de renuncia cuando estaba bajo arresto del Ejército". El País (in Spanish). 19 April 2002. ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
"El empresario Pedro Carmona pide asilo político en la embajada de Colombia". El País (in Spanish). 23 May 2002. ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 18 May 2021.

worldcat.org

Castillo, Antonio. "Breaking Democracy: Venezuela's Media Coup" [online]. Media International Australia, Incorporating Culture & Policy, No. 108, August 2003: 145–156. Availability: <http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=013180178483702;res=IELLCC> ISSN 1329-878X. [cited 10 May 12].

wsj.com

"U.S. to Grill Venezuelan Judge Seeking Refuge". The Wall Street Journal. 19 April 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2015.

youtube.com

"🇻🇪 Hugo Chavez and the coup that never happened", Al Jazeera, 8 February 2018, archived from the original on 22 December 2021, retrieved 30 August 2018

zcommunications.org

Harnecker, Marta. (Z Communications, 9 January 2003)."Lessons of the April Coup: Harnecker interviews Chávez". Retrieved 7 September 2010. Archived 21 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine