Bonhof, W. J.; Pryor, A. J. E. (2021). "Proboscideans on Parade: A review of the migratory behaviour of elephants, mammoths, and mastodons". Quaternary Science Reviews. 277: Article 107304. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107304. hdl:10871/128047. S2CID245440050.
Mothé, D.; de Oliveira, K.; Rotti, A.; Román-Carrión, J. L.; Bertolino, L. C.; Krepsky, N.; Avilla, L. (2021). "The micro from mega: Dental calculus description and the first record of fossilized oral bacteria from an extinct proboscidean". International Journal of Paleopathology. 33: 55–60. doi:10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.02.004. PMID33721688. S2CID232244356.
Palombo, M. R.; Sanz, M.; Daura, J. (2021). "The complete skeleton of a straight-tusked elephant calf from Cova del Rinoceront (Late Pleistocene, NE Iberian Peninsula): New insights into ontogenetic growth in Palaeoloxodon antiquus". Quaternary Science Reviews. 274: Article 107257. Bibcode:2021QSRv..27407257P. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107257. S2CID244088519.
Sanders, W. J.; Leakey, M. G.; Leakey, L. N.; Feibel, C. S.; Ibui, T. G.; Nyete, C.; Mbete, M. P.; Brown, F. H. (2021). "Morphological description and identification of an extraordinary new elephant cranium from the early Pliocene of Ileret, Kenya". Palæovertebrata. 44 (2): e3. doi:10.18563/pv.44.2.e3. S2CID239606229.
Maschenko, E. N.; Potapova, O. R.; Heintzman, P. D.; Kapp, J. D.; Shapiro, B.; Protopopov, A. V.; Boeskorov, G. G.; Pavlov, I. S.; Plotnikov, V. V.; Kolesov, S. D.; Klimovskiy, A. I.; Kharlamova, A. S.; van der Plicht, J.; Agenbroad, L. D. (2021). "Morphology, Individual Age, DNA and Sex of the Yuka Mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) from Northern Yakutia, Russia". Paleontological Journal. 55 (11): 1230–1259. Bibcode:2021PalJ...55.1230M. doi:10.1134/S003103012111006X. S2CID245540116.
Kerber, L.; Moraes–Santos, H. (2021). "Endocranial Morphology of a Middle Miocene South American Dugongid and the Neurosensorial Evolution of Sirenians". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 28 (3): 661–678. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09555-8. S2CID236226810.
O'Leary, M. A. (2021). "A dense sample of fossil primates (Adapiformes, Notharctidae, Notharctinae) from the Early Eocene Willwood Formation, Wyoming: Documentation of gradual change in tooth area and shape through time". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 174 (4): 728–743. doi:10.1002/ajpa.24177. PMID33483945. S2CID231688788.
Ioannidou, M.; Koufos, G. D.; de Bonis, L.; Harvati, K. (2021). "3D geometric morphometrics analysis of mandibular fragments of Ouranopithecus macedoniensis from the late Miocene deposits of Central Macedonia, Greece". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 177 (1): 48–62. doi:10.1002/ajpa.24420. PMID36787758. S2CID239523081.
Jiang, Q.; Zhao, L.; Guo, L.; Wu, Y. (2021). "First direct evidence of conservative foraging ecology of early Gigantopithecus blacki (~2 Ma) in Guangxi, southern China". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 176 (1): 93–108. doi:10.1002/ajpa.24300. PMID33964022. S2CID233998055.
Fellows Yates, J. A.; Velsko, I. M.; Aron, F.; Posth, C.; Hofman, C. A.; Austin, R. M.; Parker, C. E.; Mann, A. E.; Nägele, K.; Arthur, K. W.; Arthur, J. W.; Bauer, C. C.; Crevecoeur, I.; Cupillard, C.; Curtis, M. C.; Dalén, L.; Díaz-Zorita Bonilla, M.; Díez Fernández-Lomana, J. C.; Drucker, D. G.; Escribano Escrivá, E.; Francken, M.; Gibbon, V. E.; González Morales, M. R.; Grande Mateu, A.; Harvati, K.; Henry, A. G.; Humphrey, L.; Menéndez, M.; Mihailović, D.; Peresani, M.; Rodríguez Moroder, S.; Roksandic, M.; Rougier, H.; Sázelová, S.; Stock, J. T.; Straus, L. G.; Svoboda, J.; Teßmann, B.; Walker, M. J.; Power, R. C.; Lewis, C. M.; Sankaranarayanan, K.; Guschanski, K.; Wrangham, R. W.; Dewhirst, F. E.; Salazar-García, D. C.; Krause, J.; Herbig, A.; Warinner, C. (2021). "The evolution and changing ecology of the African hominid oral microbiome". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 118 (20): e2021655118. Bibcode:2021PNAS..11821655F. doi:10.1073/pnas.2021655118. PMC8157933. PMID33972424.
Kuman, K.; Granger, D. E.; Gibbon, R. J.; Pickering, T. R.; Caruana, M. V.; Bruxelles, L.; Clarke, R. J.; Heaton, J. L.; Stratford, D.; Brain, C. K. (2021). "A new absolute date from Swartkrans Cave for the oldest occurrences of Paranthropus robustus and Oldowan stone tools in South Africa". Journal of Human Evolution. 156: Article 103000. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.103000. PMID34020297. S2CID235092783.
Carlson, K. J.; Green, D. J.; Jashashvili, T.; Pickering, T. R.; Heaton, J. L.; Beaudet, A.; Stratford, D.; Crompton, R.; Kuman, K.; Bruxelles, L.; Clarke, R. J. (2021). "The pectoral girdle of StW 573 ('Little Foot') and its implications for shoulder evolution in the Hominina". Journal of Human Evolution. 158: Article 102983. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.102983. PMID33888323.
Dumouchel, L.; Bobe, R.; Wynn, J. G.; Barr, W. A. (2021). "The environments of Australopithecus anamensis at Allia Bay, Kenya: A multiproxy analysis of early Pliocene Bovidae". Journal of Human Evolution. 151: Article 102928. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102928. PMID33453510. S2CID231628172.
Brophy, J. K.; Elliott, M. C.; De Ruiter, D. J.; Bolter, D. R.; Churchill, S. E.; Walker, C. S.; Hawks, J.; Berger, L. R. (2021). "Immature Hominin Craniodental Remains From a New Locality in the Rising Star Cave System, South Africa". PaleoAnthropology. 2021: 1–14. doi:10.48738/2021.iss1.64.
Hershkovitz, I.; May, H.; Sarig, R.; Pokhojaev, A.; Grimaud-Hervé, D.; Bruner, E.; Fornai, C.; Quam, R.; Arsuaga, J. L.; Krenn, V. A.; Martinón-Torres, M.; Bermúdez de Castro, J. M.; Martín-Francés, L.; Slon, V.; Albessard-Ball, L.; Vialet, A.; Schüler, T.; Manzi, G.; Profico, A.; Di Vincenzo, F.; Weber, G. W.; Zaidner, Y. (2021). "A Middle Pleistocene Homo from Nesher Ramla, Israel". Science. 372 (6549): 1424–1428. Bibcode:2021Sci...372.1424H. doi:10.1126/science.abh3169. S2CID235628111.
May, H.; Sarig, R.; Pokhojaev, A.; Fornai, C.; Martinón-Torres, M.; Bermúdez de Castro, J. M.; Weber, G. W.; Zaidner, Y.; Hershkovitz, I. (2021). "Response to Comment on "A Middle Pleistocene Homo from Nesher Ramla, Israel"". Science. 374 (6572): eabl5789. doi:10.1126/science.abl5789. PMID34855476. S2CID244841367.
Schwartz, J.; Pantoja-Pérez, A.; Arsuaga, J. L. (2021). "The nasal region of the ~417 ka Sima de los Huesos (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain) Hominin: New terminology and implications for later human evolution". The Anatomical Record. 305 (8): 1991–2029. doi:10.1002/ar.24698. PMID34166582. S2CID235633520.
Bermúdez de Castro, J. M.; Martínez de Pinillos, M.; Martín-Francés, L.; Modesto-Mata, M.; García-Campos, C.; Arsuaga, J. L.; Martinón-Torres, M. (2021). "Dental remains of the Middle Pleistocene hominins from the Sima de los Huesos site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain): Mandibular dentition". The Anatomical Record. in press. doi:10.1002/ar.24840. PMID34851548. S2CID244825479.
Bermúdez de Castro, J. M.; Martínez de Pinillos, M.; Martín-Francés, L.; Modesto-Mata, M.; García-Campos, C.; Arsuaga, J. L.; Martinón-Torres, M. (2021). "Dental remains of the Middle Pleistocene hominins from the Sima de los Huesos site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain): Maxillary dentition". The Anatomical Record. in press. doi:10.1002/ar.24841. PMID34866354. S2CID244908239.
Bloos, G. (2021). "The stratigraphic position of Homo steinheimensis (late Middle Pleistocene, SW Germany)". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 302 (2): 169–208. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2021/1027. S2CID243901203.
Conde-Valverde, M.; Martínez, I.; Quam, R. M.; Rosa, M.; Velez, A. D.; Lorenzo, C.; Jarabo, P.; Bermúdez de Castro, J. M.; Carbonell, E.; Arsuaga, J. L. (2021). "Neanderthals and Homo sapiens had similar auditory and speech capacities". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 5 (5): 609–615. Bibcode:2021NatEE...5..609C. doi:10.1038/s41559-021-01391-6. PMID33649543. S2CID232090739.
Vernot, B.; Zavala, E. I.; Gómez-Olivencia, A.; Jacobs, Z.; Slon, V.; Mafessoni, F.; Romagné, F.; Pearson, A.; Petr, M.; Sala, N.; Pablos, A.; Aranburu, A.; Bermúdez de Castro, J. M.; Carbonell, E.; Li, B.; Krajcarz, M. T.; Krivoshapkin, A. I.; Kolobova, K. A.; Kozlikin, M. B.; Shunkov, M. V.; Derevianko, A. P.; Viola, B.; Grote, S.; Essel, E.; Herráez, D. L.; Nagel, S.; Nickel, B.; Richter, J.; Schmidt, A.; Peter, B.; Kelso, J.; Roberts, R. G.; Arsuaga, J.-L.; Meyer, M. (2021). "Unearthing Neanderthal population history using nuclear and mitochondrial DNA from cave sediments". Science. 372 (6542): eabf1667. doi:10.1126/science.abf1667. PMID33858989. S2CID233260228.
Wilkins, J.; Schoville, B. J.; Pickering, R.; Gliganic, L.; Collins, B.; Brown, K. S.; von der Meden, J.; Khumalo, W.; Meyer, M. C.; Maape, S.; Blackwood, A. F.; Hatton, A. (2021). "Innovative Homo sapiens behaviours 105,000 years ago in a wetter Kalahari". Nature. 592 (7853): 248–252. Bibcode:2021Natur.592..248W. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03419-0. PMID33790469. S2CID232483324.
Pigati, J. S.; Springer, K. B.; Bennett, M. R.; Bustos, D.; Urban, T. M.; Holliday, V. T.; Reynolds, S. C.; Odess, D. (2022). "Response to Comment on "Evidence of humans in North America during the Last Glacial Maximum"". Science. 375 (6577): eabm6987. doi:10.1126/science.abm6987. PMID35025662. S2CID245933931.
Duke, D.; Wohlgemuth, E.; Adams, K. R.; Armstrong-Ingram, A.; Rice, S. K.; Young, D. C. (2021). "Earliest evidence for human use of tobacco in the Pleistocene Americas". Nature Human Behaviour. 6 (2): 183–192. doi:10.1038/s41562-021-01202-9. PMID34635825. S2CID238635872.
Bonilla Salomón, I.; Luján, À. H.; Ivanov, M.; Sabol, M. (2022). "Aliveria mojmiri sp. nov. among other flying and ground squirrels (Rodentia, Mammalia) from the early Miocene of Mokrá-Quarry sites (Moravia, Czech Republic)". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (10): 1950–1963. Bibcode:2022HBio...34.1950B. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1992403. S2CID240485210.
Ochoa, J.; Mijares, A. S. B.; Piper, P. J.; Reyes, M. C.; Heaney, L. R. (2021). "Three new extinct species from the endemic Philippine cloud rat radiation (Rodentia, Muridae, Phloeomyini)". Journal of Mammalogy. 102 (3): 909–930. doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyab023.
De Santi, N. A.; Verzi, D. H.; Olivares, A. I.; Piñero, P.; Álvarez, A.; Morgan, C. C. (2021). "A new Pleistocene Ctenomys and divergence dating of the hyperdiverse South American rodent family Ctenomyidae". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 19 (5): 377–392. Bibcode:2021JSPal..19..377S. doi:10.1080/14772019.2021.1910583. S2CID235363109.
Mistretta, B. A.; Giovas, C. M.; Weksler, M.; Turvey, S. T. (2021). "Extinct insular oryzomyine rice rats (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae) from the Grenada Bank, southern Caribbean". Zootaxa. 4951 (3): 434–460. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4951.3.2. PMID33903389. S2CID233410451.
Piñero, P.; Verzi, D. H.; Olivares, A. I.; Montalvo, C. I.; Tomassini, R. L.; Fernández Villoldo, A. (2021). "Evolutionary pattern of Metacaremys gen. nov. (Rodentia, Octodontidae) and its biochronological implications for the late Miocene and early Pliocene of southern South America". Papers in Palaeontology. 7 (4): 1895–1917. Bibcode:2021PPal....7.1895P. doi:10.1002/spp2.1368. S2CID236309712.
Croft, D. A.; Flynn, J. J.; Wyss, A. R.; Charrier, R.; Anaya, F. (2021). "New Chinchillid Rodents (Hystricognathi: Caviomorpha) from Northern Chile and Bolivia Fill a 17-Million-Year Gap in the Pan-Chinchilline Fossil Record". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 28 (4): 1205–1236. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09579-0. S2CID245207976.
Ercoli, M. D.; Álvarez, A.; Verzi, D. H.; Villalba Ulberich, J. P.; Quiñones, S. I.; Constantini, O. E.; Zurita, A. E. (2021). "A new mammalian assemblage for Guanaco Formation (northwestern Argentina), and the description of a new genus of New World porcupine". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 110: Article 103389. Bibcode:2021JSAES.11003389E. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103389.
Piñero, P.; Olivares, A. I.; Verzi, D. H.; Contreras, V. H. (2021). "Paralonchothrix gen. nov., the first record of Echimyini (Rodentia, Octodontoidea) in the late Miocene of Southern South America". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 112 (2): 147–158. Bibcode:2021EESTR.112..147P. doi:10.1017/S175569102100027X. S2CID237576539.
Sinitsa, M. V.; Čermák, S.; Kryuchkova, L. Yu. (2021). "Cranial Anatomy of Csakvaromys bredai (Rodentia, Sciuridae, Xerinae) and Implications for Ground Squirrel Evolution and Systematics". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 29: 149–189. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09561-w. S2CID240547730.
Kerber, L.; Candela, A. M.; Ferreira, J. D.; Pretto, F. A.; Bubadué, J.; Negri, F. R. (2021). "Postcranial Morphology of the Extinct Rodent Neoepiblema (Rodentia: Chinchilloidea): Insights Into the Paleobiology of Neoepiblemids". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 29: 207–235. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09567-4. S2CID239145691.
Yang, Y.; Qiang, L.; Xijun, N.; Cheng, X.; Zhang, J.; Li, H.; Jin, C. (2021). "Tooth micro-wear analysis reveals that persistence of beaver Trogontherium cuvieri (Rodentia, Mammalia) in Northeast China relied on its plastic ecological niche in Pleistocene". Quaternary International. 591: 70–79. Bibcode:2021QuInt.591...70Y. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2021.01.004. S2CID234255041.
Barbière, F.; Taglioretti, M.; Pardiñas, U. F. J.; Ortiz, P. E. (2021). "New craniodental material of the extinct sigmodontine Olympicomys (Rodentia, Cricetidae) allows a discussion of its tribal affiliation". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34: 72–84. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1896501. S2CID233636862.
Solis-Añorve, A.; González-Barba, G.; Hernández-Rivera, R.; Schwennicke, T. (2021). "Late Miocene balaenopterid (Cetacea:Mysticeti) from Baja California Sur, Mexico". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 111: Article 103498. Bibcode:2021JSAES.11103498S. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103498.
Lloyd, G. T.; Slater, G. J. (2021). "A total-group phylogenetic metatree for Cetacea and the importance of fossil data in diversification analyses". Systematic Biology. 70 (5): 922–939. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syab002. PMID33507304.
Lambert, O.; de Muizon, C.; Varas-Malca, R. M.; Urbina, M.; Bianucci, G. (2021). "Eurhinodelphinids from the early Miocene of Peru: first unambiguous records of these hyper-longirostrine dolphins outside the North Atlantic realm". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 127 (1): 17–32. doi:10.13130/2039-4942/15124.
Lambert, O.; Goolaerts, S. (2021). "Late Miocene Survival of a Hyper-Longirostrine Dolphin and the Neogene to Recent Evolution of Rostrum Proportions Among Odontocetes". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 29: 99–111. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09573-6. S2CID240016777.
Mccurry, M. R.; Marx, F. G.; Evans, A. R.; Park, T.; Pyenson, N. D.; Kohno, N.; Castiglione, S.; Fitzgerald, E. M. G. (2021). "Brain size evolution in whales and dolphins: new data from fossil mysticetes". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 133 (4): 990–998. doi:10.1093/biolinnean/blab054.
Bisconti, M.; Pellegrino, L.; Carnevale, G. (2021). "Evolution of gigantism in right and bowhead whales (Cetacea: Mysticeti: Balaenidae)". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 134 (2): 498–524. doi:10.1093/biolinnean/blab086.
Collareta, A.; Marx, F. G.; Casati, S.; Di Cencio, A.; Merella, M.; Bianucci, G. (2021). "A cetotheriid whale from the upper Miocene of the Mediterranean". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 301 (1): 9–16. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2021/0994. hdl:11568/1117113. S2CID237736273.
Bisconti, M.; Daniello, R.; Damarco, P.; Tartarelli, G.; Pavia, M.; Carnevale, G. (2021). "High Encephalization in a Fossil Rorqual Illuminates Baleen Whale Brain Evolution". Brain, Behavior and Evolution. 96 (2): 78–90. doi:10.1159/000519852. PMID34758463. S2CID243987538.
Bisconti, M.; Bosselaers, M. (2021). "On Plesiocetus van Beneden, 1859 (Mammalia, Cetacea, Mysticeti)". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 127 (2): 231–274. doi:10.13130/2039-4942/15745.
Li, Y.-K.; Mennecart, B.; Aiglstorfer, M.; Ni, X.-J.; Li, Q.; Deng, T. (2021). "The early evolution of cranial appendages in Bovoidea revealed by new species of Amphimoschus (Mammalia: Ruminantia) from China". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 196 (3): 1039–1053. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab053.
Croitor, R.; Abbas, S. G.; Babar, M. A.; Khan, M. A. (2021). "A new deer species (Cervidae, Mammalia) from the upper Siwaliks (Pakistan)". Quaternary International. 595: 1–11. Bibcode:2021QuInt.595....1C. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2021.03.009.
Januario, M.; Quental, T. B. (2021). "Re-evaluation of the "law of constant extinction" for ruminants at different taxonomical scales". Evolution. 75 (3): 656–671. doi:10.1111/evo.14177. PMID33486771. S2CID231702201.
Hall, A. S.; Cote, S. (2021). "Ruminant mesowear reveals consistently browse-dominated diets throughout the early and middle Miocene of eastern Africa". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 567: Article 110253. Bibcode:2021PPP...56710253H. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110253. S2CID233517877.
Mennecart, B.; Wazir, W. A.; Sehgal, R. K.; Patnaik, R.; Singh, N. P.; Kumar, N.; Nanda, A. C. (2022). "New remains of Nalamaeryx (Tragulidae, Mammalia) from the Ladakh Himalaya and their phylogenetical and palaeoenvironmental implications". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (12): 2295–2303. Bibcode:2022HBio...34.2295M. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.2014479. S2CID245480633.
Khan, M. A.; Babar, M. A.; Ríos, M. (2021). "New material of Bramatherium grande from the Siwaliks of Pakistan sheds light on dental intra-clade morphological variability of Late Miocene sivatheres". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (1): e1898976. Bibcode:2021JVPal..41E8976K. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1898976. S2CID234831069.
Nishioka, Y.; Kohno, N.; Kudo, Y. (2021). "Taxonomic revision of the holotype of Proboselaphus watasei Matsumoto, 1915 (Bovidae, Artiodactyla) from Chuanyu area, China". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 59 (3): 200–212. doi:10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.210322.
Croitor, R. (2021). "Early evolutionary radiation and diversity of the Old World telemetacarpal deer (Capreolinae, Cervidae, Mammalia)". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 300 (1): 33–67. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2021/0978. S2CID234849546.
Rotti, A.; Vezzosi, R. I.; Mothé, D.; Avilla, L. S. (2021). "Rising from the ashes: The biggest South American deers (Cetartiodactyla: Cervidae) once roamed Northeast Brazil". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 108: Article 103154. Bibcode:2021JSAES.10803154R. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103154. S2CID233546889.
Pandolfi, L.; Masini, F.; Kostopoulos, D. S. (2021). "Messinian Italian Bovidae revised: paleobiogeographic and biochronological implications". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 33 (12): 3590–3603. Bibcode:2021HBio...33.3590P. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1878513. S2CID233669813.
Shi, Q.; Deng, T. (2021). "Redescription of the skull of Hezhengia bohlini (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) and a reassessment of the systematics of the Chinese late Miocene 'ovibovines'". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (24): 2059–2074. doi:10.1080/14772019.2021.1883756. S2CID232116327.
Shi, Q.; Hou, S.; Sun, B.; Wang, S.; Deng, T. (2021). "Ontogenetic and Intraspecific Variation in the Skull Morphology of the Late Miocene Bovid Hezhengia bohlini". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 28 (3): 871–884. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09558-5. S2CID238816485.
Zver, L.; Toškan, B.; Bužan, E. (2021). "Phylogeny of Late Pleistocene and Holocene Bison species in Europe and North America". Quaternary International. 595: 30–38. Bibcode:2021QuInt.595...30Z. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2021.04.022.
Valenciano, A.; Morales, J.; Govender, R. (2021). "Eucyon khoikhoi sp. nov. (Carnivora: Canidae) from Langebaanweg 'E' Quarry (early Pliocene, South Africa): the most complete African canini from the Mio-Pliocene". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 194 (2): 366–394. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab022.
Galiano, H.; Tseng, Z. J.; Solounias, N.; Wang, X.-M.; Qiu, Z.-X.; White, S. C. (2021). "A new aardwolf-line fossil hyena from Middle and Late Miocene deposits of Linxia Basin, Gansu, China". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 60 (2): 81–116. doi:10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.211025.
Orcutt, J. D.; Calede, J. J. M. (2021). "Quantitative analyses of feliform humeri reveal the existence of a very large cat in North America during the Miocene". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 28 (3): 729–751. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09540-1. S2CID235541255.
Rahmat, S.; Hafed, A. B.; Godfrey, S. J.; Nance, J. R.; Koretsky, I. A. (2021). "A new unusual Monachinae from the Neogene of the Atlantic Coastal Plain (Maryland, USA)". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (3): 515–524. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1933469. S2CID237752557.
Ferrusquía-Villafranca, I.; Wang, X. (2021). "The first Paleogene mustelid (Mammalia, Carnivora) from southern North America and its paleontologic significance". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 109: Article 103236. Bibcode:2021JSAES.10903236F. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103236. S2CID233830062.
Wallace, S. C.; Lyon, L. M. (2021). "Systematic revision of the Ailurinae (Mammalia: Carnivora: Ailuridae): with a new species from North America". In Angela R. Glatston (ed.). Red Panda. Biology and Conservation of the First Panda (second ed.). Academic Press. pp. 31–52. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-823753-3.00011-9. ISBN978-0-12-823753-3. S2CID243818007.
Kargopoulos, N.; Valenciano, A.; Kampouridis, P.; Lechner, T.; Böhme, M. (2021). "New early late Miocene species of Vishnuonyx (Carnivora, Lutrinae) from the hominid locality of Hammerschmiede, Bavaria, Germany". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (3): e1948858. Bibcode:2021JVPal..41E8858K. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1948858. S2CID240538139.
Bartolini Lucenti, S. (2021). "A new large-sized Pliocene fox (Carnivora, Canidae) from Yushe Basin (Shanxi, China)". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 127 (1): 133–147. doi:10.13130/2039-4942/15206. S2CID244993909.
de Bonis, L.; Grohé, C.; Chaimanee, Y.; Jaeger, J.-J.; Yamee, C.; Rugbumrung, M. (2021). "New fossil Carnivora from Thailand: transcontinental paleobiostratigraphic correlations and paleobiogeographical implications". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 299 (3): 319–332. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2021/0972. S2CID233603122.
Perri, A. R.; Mitchell, K. J.; Mouton, A.; Álvarez-Carretero, S.; Hulme-Beaman, A.; Haile, J.; Jamieson, A.; Meachen, J.; Lin, A. T.; Schubert, B. W.; Ameen, C.; Antipina, E. E.; Bover, P.; Brace, S.; Carmagnini, A.; Carøe, C.; Samaniego Castruita, J. A.; Chatters, J. C.; Dobney, K.; dos Reis, M.; Evin, A.; Gaubert, P.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Gower, G.; Heiniger, H.; Helgen, K. M.; Kapp, J.; Kosintsev, P. A.; Linderholm, A.; Ozga, A. T.; Presslee, S.; Salis, A. T.; Saremi, N. F.; Shew, C.; Skerry, K.; Taranenko, D. E.; Thompson, M.; Sablin, M. V.; Kuzmin, Y. V.; Collins, M. J.; Sinding, M.-H. S.; Gilbert, M. T. P.; Stone, A. C.; Shapiro, B.; Van Valkenburgh, B.; Wayne, R. K.; Larson, G.; Cooper, A.; Frantz, L. A. F. (2021). "Dire wolves were the last of an ancient New World canid lineage". Nature. 591 (7848): 87–91. Bibcode:2021Natur.591...87P. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03082-x. PMID33442059. S2CID231604957.
Landry, Z.; Kim, S.; Trayler, R. B.; Gilbert, M.; Zazula, G.; Southon, J.; Fraser, D. (2021). "Dietary reconstruction and evidence of prey shifting in Pleistocene and recent gray wolves (Canis lupus) from Yukon Territory". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 571: Article 110368. Bibcode:2021PPP...57110368L. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110368. S2CID233662657.
Gardin, A.; Salesa, M. J.; Siliceo, G.; Antón, M.; Pastor, J. F.; de Bonis, L. (2021). "Climbing Adaptations of an Enigmatic Early Arctoid Carnivoran: the Functional Anatomy of the Forelimb of Amphicynodon leptorhynchus From the Lower Oligocene of the Quercy Phosphorites (France)". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 28 (3): 785–811. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09553-w. S2CID236586858.
Luna-Aranguré, C.; Vázquez-Domínguez, E. (2021). "Of pandas, fossils, and bamboo forests: ecological niche modeling of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) during the Last Glacial Maximum". Journal of Mammalogy. 102 (3): 718–730. doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyab033.
Wang, D.; Gao, Z.; Bottazzi, J.; Shao, Q.; Li, Y.; Wu, K.; Zhou, W.; Jiao, F.; Li, S.; Jiangzuo, Q. (2022). "Significance of the preservation of 'pseudo-thumb' in fossil skeletons of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in Shuanghe Cave, Guizhou Province, southern China". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (11): 2188–2194. Bibcode:2022HBio...34.2188W. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.2006195. S2CID244424393.
Barrett, P. Z.; Hopkins, W. S. B.; Price, S. A. (2021). "How many sabertooths? Reevaluating the number of carnivoran sabertooth lineages with total-evidence Bayesian techniques and a novel origin of the Miocene Nimravidae". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (1): e1923523. Bibcode:2021JVPal..41E3523B. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1923523. S2CID236221655.
Kargopoulos, N.; Kampouridis, P.; Lechner, T.; Böhme, M. (2022). "Hyaenidae (Carnivora) from the Late Miocene hominid locality of Hammerschmiede (Bavaria, Germany)". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (11): 2249–2258. Bibcode:2022HBio...34.2249K. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.2010193. S2CID244913608.
Liu, Jinyi; Liu, Jinyuan; Zhang, H.; Wagner, J.; Jiangzuo, Q.; Song, Y.; Liu, S.; Wang, Y.; Jin, C. (2021). "The giant short-faced hyena Pachycrocuta brevirostris (Mammalia, Carnivora, Hyaenidae) from Northeast Asia: A reinterpretation of subspecies differentiation and intercontinental dispersal". Quaternary International. 577: 29–51. Bibcode:2021QuInt.577...29L. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2020.12.031. S2CID234125458.
Iannucci, A.; Mecozzi, B.; Sardella, R.; Iurino, D. A. (2021). "The extinction of the giant hyena Pachycrocuta brevirostris and a reappraisal of the Epivillafranchian and Galerian Hyaenidae in Europe: Faunal turnover during the Early–Middle Pleistocene Transition". Quaternary Science Reviews. 272: Article 107240. Bibcode:2021QSRv..27207240I. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107240. S2CID239548772.
Chatar, N.; Fischer, V.; Siliceo, G.; Antón, M.; Morales, J.; Salesa, M. J. (2021). "Morphometric Analysis of the Mandible of Primitive Sabertoothed Felids from the late Miocene of Spain". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 28 (3): 753–771. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09541-0. hdl:2268/259634. S2CID225170582.
Li, Y.; Sun, B. (2021). "Megantereon (Carnivora, Felidae) in the late Early Pleistocene in China and its implications for paleobiogeography". Quaternary International. 610: 97–107. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2021.09.008. S2CID240564316.
Mecozzi, B.; Sardella, R.; Boscaini, A.; Cherin, M.; Costeur, L.; Madurell-Malapeira, J.; Pavia, M.; Profico, A.; Iurino, D. A. (2021). "The tale of a short-tailed cat: New outstanding Late Pleistocene fossils of Lynx pardinus from southern Italy". Quaternary Science Reviews. 262: Article 106840. Bibcode:2021QSRv..26206840M. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106840. hdl:11573/1546549. S2CID233635913.
Dantas, M. A. T.; Bernardes, C.; Asevedo, L.; Pansani, T. R.; França, L. M.; Aragão, W. S.; Santos, F. S.; Cravo, E.; Ximenes, C. (2021). "Isotopic palaeoecology (δ13C) of three faunivores from Late Pleistocene of the Brazilian intertropical region". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (3): 507–514. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1933468. S2CID236272572.
Rosina, V.; Pickford, M. (2022). "The new small emballonurid (Emballonuridae, Chiroptera, Mammalia) from the Miocene of Africa: its phylogenetic and palaeogeographic implications". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (7): 1240–1251. Bibcode:2022HBio...34.1240R. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1973451. S2CID239134133.
López-Aguirre, C.; Czaplewski, N. J.; Link, A.; Takai, M.; Hand, S. J. (2021). "Dietary and body-mass reconstruction of the Miocene neotropical bat Notonycteris magdalenensis (Phyllostomidae) from La Venta, Colombia". Paleobiology. 48: 137–153. doi:10.1017/pab.2021.21. S2CID237837220.
González-Dionis, J.; Castillo Ruiz, C.; Cruzado-Caballero, P.; Cadavid-Melero, E.; Crespo, V. D. (2021). "First study of the bat fossil record of the mid-Atlantic volcanic islands". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 113: 13–27. doi:10.1017/S1755691021000384. S2CID244885244.
Hooker, J. J. (2021). "The Mammals of the Late Eocene – Early Oligocene Solent Group. Part 1, introduction and Euarchonta: Nyctitheriidae". Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society. 175 (659): 1–147. doi:10.1080/02693445.2021.1928440. S2CID245133140.
Das, D. P.; Carolin, N.; Bajpai, S. (2022). "A nyctitheriid insectivore (Eulipotyphla, Mammalia) of Asian affinity from the early Eocene of India". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (7): 1157–1165. Bibcode:2022HBio...34.1157D. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1966002. S2CID238735010.
Terray, L.; Stoetzel, E.; Herrel, A.; Cornette, R. (2021). "The contribution of functional traits to the understanding of palaeoenvironmental changes". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 133 (4): 1110–1125. doi:10.1093/biolinnean/blab057.
Vera, B.; Scarano, A. C.; Reguero, M. A. (2021). "A new Interatheriinae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from the Cerro Boleadoras Formation (Santa Cruz, Argentina) and the evolution of the tarsus within the lineage during the Miocene". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 19 (14): 1003–1030. Bibcode:2021JSPal..19.1003V. doi:10.1080/14772019.2021.1995906. S2CID245210493.
Castro, L. O. R.; García-López, D.; Bergqvist, L. P.; de Araújo-Júnior, H. I. (2021). "A new basal notoungulate from the Itaboraí Basin (Paleogene) of Brazil". Ameghiniana. 58 (3): 272–288. doi:10.5710/AMGH.05.02.2021.3387. S2CID234220780.
Fernández, M.; Fernicola, J. C.; Cerdeño, E. (2021). "A new genus of Interatheriinae (Interatheriidae, Notoungulata) from the Santa Cruz Formation (early–middle Miocene), Santa Cruz Province, Argentina, and the revision of the genus Cochilius Ameghino, 1902". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (4): e1956940. Bibcode:2021JVPal..41E6940F. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1956940. S2CID239647102.
Martínez, G.; Dozo, M. T.; Gelfo, J. N.; Ciancio, M. R.; González-José, R. (2021). "A new toxodont (Mammalia, Panperissodactyla, Notoungulata) from the Oligocene of Patagonia, Argentina, and systematic considerations on the paraphyletic 'Notohippidae'". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (24): 1995–2013. doi:10.1080/14772019.2021.1872723. S2CID232116246.
Solórzano, A.; Núñez-Flores, M. (2021). "Evolutionary trends of body size and hypsodonty in notoungulates and their probable drivers". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 568: Article 110306. Bibcode:2021PPP...56810306S. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110306. S2CID233537649.
Perini, F. A.; Macrini, T. E.; Flynn, J. J.; Bamba, K.; Ni, X.; Croft, D. A.; Wyss, A. R. (2021). "Comparative Endocranial Anatomy, Encephalization, and Phylogeny of Notoungulata (Placentalia, Mammalia)". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 29 (2): 369–394. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09583-4. S2CID244540627.
Scarano, A. C.; Vera, B.; Reguero, M. (2021). "Evolutionary trends of Protypotherium (Interatheriidae, Notoungulata) lineage throughout the Miocene of South America". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 28 (3): 885–895. doi:10.1007/s10914-020-09534-5. S2CID230986107.
Fernández, M.; Fernicola, J. C.; Cerdeño, E. (2021). "Deciduous dentition and dental eruption sequence in Interatheriinae (Notoungulata, Interatheriidae): implications in the systematics of the group". Journal of Paleontology. 95 (4): 861–885. Bibcode:2021JPal...95..861F. doi:10.1017/jpa.2021.7. S2CID233649237.
Ercoli, M. D.; Armella, M. A. (2021). "Snout shape and masticatory apparatus of the rodent-like mesotheriid ungulates (Notoungulata, Typotheria): exploring evolutionary trends in dietary strategies through ancestral reconstructions". Palaeontology. 64 (3): 385–408. doi:10.1111/pala.12530. S2CID233684440.
Armella, M. A. (2021). "Tooth Size Variation in Assemblages of Tremacyllus (Hegetotheriidae, Notoungulata): Insights into Geographical Gradients, Systematics, and Sexual Dimorphism". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 29: 113–128. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09575-4. S2CID244221777.
Sun, D.; Deng, T.; Jiangzuo, Q. (2021). "The most primitive Elasmotherium (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae) from the Late Miocene of northern China". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (2): 201–211. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1907368. S2CID235558419.
Perales-Gogenola, L.; Badiola, A.; Gómez-Olivencia, A.; Pereda-Suberbiola, X. (2021). "New Leptolophus (Palaeotheriidae) species from the Iberian Peninsula and early evidence of hypsodonty in an Eocene perissodactyl". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (1): e1912061. Bibcode:2021JVPal..41E2061P. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1912061. S2CID236397348.
Giaourtsakis, I. X. (2022). "The Fossil Record of Rhinocerotids (Mammalia: Perissodactyla: Rhinocerotidae) in Greece". In E. Vlachos (ed.). Fossil Vertebrates of Greece Vol. 2. Springer. pp. 409–500. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-68442-6_14. ISBN978-3-030-68441-9. S2CID239883886.
Antoine, P.-O.; Reyes, M. C.; Amano, N.; Bautista, A. P.; Chang, C.-H.; Claude, J.; De Vos, J.; Ingicco, T. (2021). "A new rhinoceros clade from the Pleistocene of Asia sheds light on mammal dispersals to the Philippines". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 194 (2): 416–430. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab009.
Handa, N.; Nakatsukasa, M.; Kunimatsu, Y.; Tsubamoto, T.; Nakaya, H. (2021). "The Chalicotheriidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the upper Miocene Nakali Formation, Kenya". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 33 (12): 3522–3529. Bibcode:2021HBio...33.3522H. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1876042. S2CID234015871.
Mallet, C.; Houssaye, A.; Cornette, R.; Billet, G. (2022). "Long bone shape variation in the forelimb of Rhinocerotoidea: relation with size, body mass and body proportions". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 196 (3): 1201–1234. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab095.
Li, Z.; Li, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Xie, K.; Li, Z.; Chen, Y. (2021). "New material of Aprotodon lanzhouensis (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae) from the Early Miocene in Northwest China". Geological Journal. 56 (9): 4779–4787. Bibcode:2021GeolJ..56.4779L. doi:10.1002/gj.4212. S2CID237834591.
Puzachenko, A. Yu.; Levchenko, V. A.; Bertuch, F.; Zazovskaya, E. P.; Kirillova, I. V. (2021). "Late Pleistocene chronology and environment of woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis (Blumenbach, 1799)) in Beringia". Quaternary Science Reviews. 263: Article 106994. Bibcode:2021QSRv..26306994P. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106994. S2CID236317042.
Liu, S.; Westbury, M. V.; Dussex, N.; Mitchell, K. J.; Sinding, M-H. S.; Heintzman, P. D.; Duchêne, D. A.; Kapp, J. D.; von Seth, J.; Heiniger, H.; Sánchez-Barreiro, F.; Margaryan, A.; André-Olsen, R.; De Cahsan, B.; Meng, G.; Yang, C.; Chen, L.; van der Valk, T.; Moodley, Y.; Rookmaaker, K.; Bruford, M. W.; Ryder, O.; Steiner, C.; Bruins-van Sonsbeek, L. G. R.; Vartanyan, S.; Guo, C.; Cooper, A.; Kosintsev, P.; Kirillova, I.; Lister, A. M.; Marques-Bonet, T.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Dunn, R. R.; Lorenzen, E. D.; Shapiro, B.; Zhang, G.; Antoine, P.-O.; Dalén, L.; Gilbert, M. T. P. (2021). "Ancient and modern genomes unravel the evolutionary history of the rhinoceros family". Cell. 184 (19): 4874–4885.e16. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.032. hdl:10230/48693. PMID34433011. S2CID237273079.
Nacarino-Meneses, C.; Chinsamy, A. (2022). "Mineralized-tissue histology reveals protracted life history in the Pliocene three-toed horse from Langebaanweg (South Africa)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 196 (3): 1117–1137. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab037.
Labarca, R.; Caro, F. J.; Villavicencio, N. A.; Capriles, J. M.; Briones, E.; Latorre, C.; Santoro, C. M. (2021). "A Partially Complete Skeleton of Hippidion saldiasi Roth, 1899 (Mammalia: Perissodactyla) from the Late Pleistocene of the High Andes in Northern Chile". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 40 (6): e1862132. doi:10.1080/02724634.2020.1862132. S2CID233706381.
O'Brien, K.; Tryon, C. A.; Blegen, N.; Kimeu, B.; Rowan, J.; Faith, J. T. (2021). "First appearance of Grévy's zebra (Equus grevyi), from the middle Pleistocene Kapthurin Formation, Kenya, sheds light on the evolution and paleoecology of large zebras". Quaternary Science Reviews. 256: Article 106835. Bibcode:2021QSRv..25606835O. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106835. S2CID233638447.
Solé, F.; Morlo, M.; Schaal, T.; Lehmann, T. (2021). "New hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the late Ypresian locality of Prémontré (France) support a radiation of the hyaenodonts in Europe already at the end of the early Eocene". Geobios. 66–67: 119–141. Bibcode:2021Geobi..66..119S. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.004. S2CID234848856.
de Oliveira, K.; Asevedo, L.; Calegari, M. R.; Gelfo, J. N.; Mothé, D.; Avilla, L. (2021). "From oral pathology to feeding ecology: The first dental calculus paleodiet study of a South American native megamammal". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 109: Article 103281. Bibcode:2021JSAES.10903281D. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103281. S2CID233678648.
Solé, F.; Morse, P. E.; Bloch, J. I.; Gingerich, P. D.; Smith, T. (2021). "New specimens of the mesonychid Dissacus praenuntius from the early Eocene of Wyoming and evaluation of body size through the PETM in North America". Geobios. 66–67: 103–118. Bibcode:2021Geobi..66..103S. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.005. S2CID234877826.
Fernicola, J. C.; Zimicz, A. N.; Chornogubsky, L.; Ducea, M.; Cruz, L. E.; Bond, M.; Arnal, M.; Cárdenas, M.; Fernández, M. (2021). "The Early Eocene Climatic Optimum at the Lower Section of the Lumbrera Formation (Ypresian, Salta Province, Northwestern Argentina): Origin and Early Diversification of the Cingulata". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 28 (3): 621–633. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09545-w. S2CID236602601.
Barasoain, D.; González-Ruiz, L.; Zurita, A.; Villarroel, C. (2021). "Oldest new Dasypodini (Xenarthra, Cingulata) provides new trails about armadillos evolutionary history". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (3): 390–402. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1917566. S2CID235536906.
Fernicola, J. C.; Zimicz, A. N.; Chornogubsky, L.; Cruz, L. E.; Bond, M.; Arnal, M.; Cárdenas, M.; Fernández, M. (2021). "New assemblage of cingulates from the Quebrada de Los Colorados Formation (middle Eocene) at Los Cardones National Park (Salta Province, Argentina) and the Casamayoran SALMA problem at the Northwestern Argentina". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 111: Article 103476. Bibcode:2021JSAES.11103476F. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103476.
Tambusso, P. S.; Varela, L.; Góis, F.; Moura, J. F.; Villa, C.; Fariña, R. A. (2021). "The inner ear anatomy of glyptodonts and pampatheres (Xenarthra, Cingulata): Functional and phylogenetic implications". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 108: Article 103189. Bibcode:2021JSAES.10803189T. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103189. S2CID234062118.
Zamorano, M.; Fariña, R. A. (2022). "Changes in form and function of the caudal tubes in Panochthus (Xenarthra; Glyptodontidae) along the Pleistocene". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (12): 2265–2272. Bibcode:2022HBio...34.2265Z. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.2012767. S2CID245186500.
Pujos, F.; Ciancio, M. R.; Forasiepi, A. M.; Pujos, M.; Candela, A. M.; Vera, B.; Reguero, M. A.; Combina, A. M.; Cerdeño, E. (2021). "The late Oligocene xenarthran fauna of Quebrada Fiera (Mendoza, Argentina) and its implications for sloth origins and the diversity of Palaeogene cingulates". Papers in Palaeontology. 7 (3): 1613–1656. Bibcode:2021PPal....7.1613P. doi:10.1002/spp2.1356. S2CID233608784.
McDonald, H. G.; Arroyo-Cabrales, J.; Alarcón-Durán, I.; Espinosa-Martínez, D. V. (2021). "First record of Meizonyx salvadorensis (Mammalia: Xenarthra: Pilosa) from the late Pleistocene of Mexico and its evolutionary implications". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (22): 1829–1851. doi:10.1080/14772019.2020.1842816. S2CID231636912.
Amaral, R. V.; Carvalho, L. B.; Azevedo, S. A. K.; Delcourt, R. (2021). "The first evidence of pituitary gland tumor in ground sloth Valgipes bucklandi Lund, 1839". The Anatomical Record. 305 (6): 1394–1401. doi:10.1002/ar.24786. PMID34591370. S2CID238228542.
Varela, L.; McDonald, H. G.; Fariña, R. (2021). "Sexual dimorphism in the fossil ground sloth Lestodon armatus (Xenarthra, Folivora)". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (3): 525–537. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1933470. S2CID236315139.
Lopatin, A. V.; Averianov, A. O. (2021). "First Apatemyid Mammal from Central Asia". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 29: 129–135. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09574-5. S2CID244226624.
Montellano-Ballesteros, M.; Fox, R. C.; Scott, C. S. (2021). "A new, "dwarfed" species of the phenacodontid "condylarth" Ectocion from the late Paleocene of Alberta, Canada, and its implications". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 58 (11): 1155–1169. Bibcode:2021CaJES..58.1155M. doi:10.1139/cjes-2019-0234. hdl:1807/107869. S2CID239992495.
Kramarz, A. G.; Macphee, R. D. E. (2022). "Did some extinct South American native ungulates arise from an afrothere ancestor? A critical appraisal of Avilla and Mothé's (2021) Sudamericungulata – Panameridiungulata hypothesis". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 30: 67–77. doi:10.1007/s10914-022-09633-5. S2CID253433775.
Kramarz, A. G.; Bond, M.; MacPhee, R. D. E. (2021). "On the alleged perissodactyl affinities of the "condylarth" Escribania chubutensis and other endemic South American ungulate-like placentals". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (4): e1986716. Bibcode:2021JVPal..41E6716K. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1986716. S2CID244055434.
Selig, K. R.; Chew, A. E.; Silcox, M. T. (2021). "Dietary shifts in a group of early Eocene euarchontans (Microsyopidae) in association with climatic change". Palaeontology. 64 (5): 609–628. Bibcode:2021Palgy..64..609S. doi:10.1111/pala.12544. S2CID237788962.
Phillips, M. J.; Shazwani Zakaria, S. (2021). "Enhancing mitogenomic phylogeny and resolving the relationships of extinct megafaunal placental mammals". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 158: Article 107082. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107082. PMID33482383. S2CID231689281.
Blanco, F.; Calatayud, J.; Martín-Perea, D. M.; Domingo, M. S.; Menéndez, I.; Müller, J.; Hernández Fernández, M.; Cantalapiedra, J. L. (2021). "Punctuated ecological equilibrium in mammal communities over evolutionary time scales". Science. 372 (6539): 300–303. Bibcode:2021Sci...372..300B. doi:10.1126/science.abd5110. PMID33859037. S2CID233245055.
Böhme, M.; Kampouridis, P.; Markov, G. N.; Hristova, L.; Spassov, N. (2021). "Large mammals (Proboscidea, Perissodactyla) from the late Miocene Burel Basin in West Bulgaria". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 302 (2): 117–129. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2021/1022. S2CID243927661.
Dembitzer, J.; Barkai, R.; Ben-Dor, M.; Meiri, S. (2021). "Levantine overkill: 1.5 million years of hunting down the body size distribution". Quaternary Science Reviews. 276: Article 107316. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107316. S2CID245236379.
Araújo, T.; Machado, H.; Mothé, D.; Avilla, L. S. (2021). "Species distribution modeling reveals the ecological niche of extinct megafauna from South America". Quaternary Research. 104: 151–158. Bibcode:2021QuRes.104..151A. doi:10.1017/qua.2021.24. S2CID236554327.
Abello, M. A.; Martin, G. M.; Cardoso, Y. (2021). "Review of the extinct 'shrew-opossums' (Marsupialia: Caenolestidae), with descriptions of two new genera and three new species from the Early Miocene of southern South America". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 193 (2): 464–498. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa165.
Warburton, N. M.; Yates, A. M. (2021). "Functional morphology of Wakaleo postcrania from the middle to late Miocene of central Australia reveals new insights in the evolution of marsupial hypercarnivores". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 40 (6): e1878203. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1878203. S2CID233793061.
Price, G. J.; Fitzsimmons, K. E.; Nguyen, A. D.; Zhao, J.; Feng, Y.; Sobbe, I. H.; Godthelp, H.; Archer, M.; Hand, S. J. (2021). "New ages of the world's largest-ever marsupial: Diprotodon optatum from Pleistocene Australia". Quaternary International. 603: 64–73. Bibcode:2021QuInt.603...64P. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2021.06.013.
Scott, C. S. (2021). "First mammal from the Willow Creek Formation: a new early Paleocene ptilodontid (Mammalia, Multituberculata) from near Calgary, Alberta, Canada". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 58 (6): 505–518. Bibcode:2021CaJES..58..505S. doi:10.1139/cjes-2020-0151. S2CID236608393.
Martin, T.; Goin, F. J.; Schultz, J. A.; Gelfo, J. N. (2021). "Early Late Cretaceous mammals from southern Patagonia (Santa Cruz province, Argentina)". Cretaceous Research. 133: Article 105127. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.105127. S2CID245549530.
Smith, T.; Codrea, V. A.; Devillet, G.; Solomon, A. A. (2021). "A New Mammal Skull from the Late Cretaceous of Romania and Phylogenetic Affinities of Kogaionid Multituberculates". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 29: 1–26. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09564-7. S2CID244194193.
Davis, B. M.; Cifelli, R. L.; Rougier, G. W. (2021). "Mammalian Petrosals from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation (Utah, USA) Reveal Non-canonical Evolution of Middle and Inner Ear Characters". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 28 (4): 1027–1049. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09586-1. S2CID245212060.
Lopatin, A. V. (2021). "Mammalian Tooth Marks on the Bone of Eutriconodontan Gobiconodon borissiaki (Mammalia, Gobiconodontidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of Mongolia". Doklady Earth Sciences. 501 (supplement issue 1): S18–S21. Bibcode:2021DokES.501S..18L. doi:10.1134/S1028334X22010044. S2CID247585483.
Rougier, G. W.; Turazzinni, G. F.; Cardozo, M. S.; Harper, T.; Lires, A. I.; Canessa, L. A. (2021). "New Specimens of Reigitherium bunodontum from the Late Cretaceous La Colonia Formation, Patagonia, Argentina and Meridiolestidan Diversity in South America". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 28 (4): 1051–1081. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09585-2. S2CID245214278.
Smaers, J. B.; Rothman, R. S.; Hudson, D. R.; Balanoff, A. M.; Beatty, B.; Dechmann, D. K. N.; de Vries, D.; Dunn, J. C.; Fleagle, J. G.; Gilbert, C. C.; Goswami, A.; Iwaniuk, A. N.; Jungers, W. L.; Kerney, M.; Ksepka, D. T.; Manger, P. R.; Mongle, C. S.; Rohlf, F. J.; Smith, N. A.; Soligo, C.; Weisbecker, V.; Safi, K. (2021). "The evolution of mammalian brain size". Science Advances. 7 (18): eabe2101. Bibcode:2021SciA....7.2101S. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abe2101. PMC8081360. PMID33910907.
Bonhof, W. J.; Pryor, A. J. E. (2021). "Proboscideans on Parade: A review of the migratory behaviour of elephants, mammoths, and mastodons". Quaternary Science Reviews. 277: Article 107304. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107304. hdl:10871/128047. S2CID245440050.
Collareta, A.; Marx, F. G.; Casati, S.; Di Cencio, A.; Merella, M.; Bianucci, G. (2021). "A cetotheriid whale from the upper Miocene of the Mediterranean". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 301 (1): 9–16. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2021/0994. hdl:11568/1117113. S2CID237736273.
Chatar, N.; Fischer, V.; Siliceo, G.; Antón, M.; Morales, J.; Salesa, M. J. (2021). "Morphometric Analysis of the Mandible of Primitive Sabertoothed Felids from the late Miocene of Spain". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 28 (3): 753–771. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09541-0. hdl:2268/259634. S2CID225170582.
Mecozzi, B.; Sardella, R.; Boscaini, A.; Cherin, M.; Costeur, L.; Madurell-Malapeira, J.; Pavia, M.; Profico, A.; Iurino, D. A. (2021). "The tale of a short-tailed cat: New outstanding Late Pleistocene fossils of Lynx pardinus from southern Italy". Quaternary Science Reviews. 262: Article 106840. Bibcode:2021QSRv..26206840M. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106840. hdl:11573/1546549. S2CID233635913.
Liu, S.; Westbury, M. V.; Dussex, N.; Mitchell, K. J.; Sinding, M-H. S.; Heintzman, P. D.; Duchêne, D. A.; Kapp, J. D.; von Seth, J.; Heiniger, H.; Sánchez-Barreiro, F.; Margaryan, A.; André-Olsen, R.; De Cahsan, B.; Meng, G.; Yang, C.; Chen, L.; van der Valk, T.; Moodley, Y.; Rookmaaker, K.; Bruford, M. W.; Ryder, O.; Steiner, C.; Bruins-van Sonsbeek, L. G. R.; Vartanyan, S.; Guo, C.; Cooper, A.; Kosintsev, P.; Kirillova, I.; Lister, A. M.; Marques-Bonet, T.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Dunn, R. R.; Lorenzen, E. D.; Shapiro, B.; Zhang, G.; Antoine, P.-O.; Dalén, L.; Gilbert, M. T. P. (2021). "Ancient and modern genomes unravel the evolutionary history of the rhinoceros family". Cell. 184 (19): 4874–4885.e16. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.032. hdl:10230/48693. PMID34433011. S2CID237273079.
Montellano-Ballesteros, M.; Fox, R. C.; Scott, C. S. (2021). "A new, "dwarfed" species of the phenacodontid "condylarth" Ectocion from the late Paleocene of Alberta, Canada, and its implications". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 58 (11): 1155–1169. Bibcode:2021CaJES..58.1155M. doi:10.1139/cjes-2019-0234. hdl:1807/107869. S2CID239992495.
Palombo, M. R.; Sanz, M.; Daura, J. (2021). "The complete skeleton of a straight-tusked elephant calf from Cova del Rinoceront (Late Pleistocene, NE Iberian Peninsula): New insights into ontogenetic growth in Palaeoloxodon antiquus". Quaternary Science Reviews. 274: Article 107257. Bibcode:2021QSRv..27407257P. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107257. S2CID244088519.
Maschenko, E. N.; Potapova, O. R.; Heintzman, P. D.; Kapp, J. D.; Shapiro, B.; Protopopov, A. V.; Boeskorov, G. G.; Pavlov, I. S.; Plotnikov, V. V.; Kolesov, S. D.; Klimovskiy, A. I.; Kharlamova, A. S.; van der Plicht, J.; Agenbroad, L. D. (2021). "Morphology, Individual Age, DNA and Sex of the Yuka Mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) from Northern Yakutia, Russia". Paleontological Journal. 55 (11): 1230–1259. Bibcode:2021PalJ...55.1230M. doi:10.1134/S003103012111006X. S2CID245540116.
Fellows Yates, J. A.; Velsko, I. M.; Aron, F.; Posth, C.; Hofman, C. A.; Austin, R. M.; Parker, C. E.; Mann, A. E.; Nägele, K.; Arthur, K. W.; Arthur, J. W.; Bauer, C. C.; Crevecoeur, I.; Cupillard, C.; Curtis, M. C.; Dalén, L.; Díaz-Zorita Bonilla, M.; Díez Fernández-Lomana, J. C.; Drucker, D. G.; Escribano Escrivá, E.; Francken, M.; Gibbon, V. E.; González Morales, M. R.; Grande Mateu, A.; Harvati, K.; Henry, A. G.; Humphrey, L.; Menéndez, M.; Mihailović, D.; Peresani, M.; Rodríguez Moroder, S.; Roksandic, M.; Rougier, H.; Sázelová, S.; Stock, J. T.; Straus, L. G.; Svoboda, J.; Teßmann, B.; Walker, M. J.; Power, R. C.; Lewis, C. M.; Sankaranarayanan, K.; Guschanski, K.; Wrangham, R. W.; Dewhirst, F. E.; Salazar-García, D. C.; Krause, J.; Herbig, A.; Warinner, C. (2021). "The evolution and changing ecology of the African hominid oral microbiome". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 118 (20): e2021655118. Bibcode:2021PNAS..11821655F. doi:10.1073/pnas.2021655118. PMC8157933. PMID33972424.
Conde-Valverde, M.; Martínez, I.; Quam, R. M.; Rosa, M.; Velez, A. D.; Lorenzo, C.; Jarabo, P.; Bermúdez de Castro, J. M.; Carbonell, E.; Arsuaga, J. L. (2021). "Neanderthals and Homo sapiens had similar auditory and speech capacities". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 5 (5): 609–615. Bibcode:2021NatEE...5..609C. doi:10.1038/s41559-021-01391-6. PMID33649543. S2CID232090739.
Wilkins, J.; Schoville, B. J.; Pickering, R.; Gliganic, L.; Collins, B.; Brown, K. S.; von der Meden, J.; Khumalo, W.; Meyer, M. C.; Maape, S.; Blackwood, A. F.; Hatton, A. (2021). "Innovative Homo sapiens behaviours 105,000 years ago in a wetter Kalahari". Nature. 592 (7853): 248–252. Bibcode:2021Natur.592..248W. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03419-0. PMID33790469. S2CID232483324.
Bonilla Salomón, I.; Luján, À. H.; Ivanov, M.; Sabol, M. (2022). "Aliveria mojmiri sp. nov. among other flying and ground squirrels (Rodentia, Mammalia) from the early Miocene of Mokrá-Quarry sites (Moravia, Czech Republic)". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (10): 1950–1963. Bibcode:2022HBio...34.1950B. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1992403. S2CID240485210.
De Santi, N. A.; Verzi, D. H.; Olivares, A. I.; Piñero, P.; Álvarez, A.; Morgan, C. C. (2021). "A new Pleistocene Ctenomys and divergence dating of the hyperdiverse South American rodent family Ctenomyidae". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 19 (5): 377–392. Bibcode:2021JSPal..19..377S. doi:10.1080/14772019.2021.1910583. S2CID235363109.
Piñero, P.; Verzi, D. H.; Olivares, A. I.; Montalvo, C. I.; Tomassini, R. L.; Fernández Villoldo, A. (2021). "Evolutionary pattern of Metacaremys gen. nov. (Rodentia, Octodontidae) and its biochronological implications for the late Miocene and early Pliocene of southern South America". Papers in Palaeontology. 7 (4): 1895–1917. Bibcode:2021PPal....7.1895P. doi:10.1002/spp2.1368. S2CID236309712.
Ercoli, M. D.; Álvarez, A.; Verzi, D. H.; Villalba Ulberich, J. P.; Quiñones, S. I.; Constantini, O. E.; Zurita, A. E. (2021). "A new mammalian assemblage for Guanaco Formation (northwestern Argentina), and the description of a new genus of New World porcupine". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 110: Article 103389. Bibcode:2021JSAES.11003389E. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103389.
Piñero, P.; Olivares, A. I.; Verzi, D. H.; Contreras, V. H. (2021). "Paralonchothrix gen. nov., the first record of Echimyini (Rodentia, Octodontoidea) in the late Miocene of Southern South America". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 112 (2): 147–158. Bibcode:2021EESTR.112..147P. doi:10.1017/S175569102100027X. S2CID237576539.
Solis-Añorve, A.; González-Barba, G.; Hernández-Rivera, R.; Schwennicke, T. (2021). "Late Miocene balaenopterid (Cetacea:Mysticeti) from Baja California Sur, Mexico". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 111: Article 103498. Bibcode:2021JSAES.11103498S. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103498.
Croitor, R.; Abbas, S. G.; Babar, M. A.; Khan, M. A. (2021). "A new deer species (Cervidae, Mammalia) from the upper Siwaliks (Pakistan)". Quaternary International. 595: 1–11. Bibcode:2021QuInt.595....1C. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2021.03.009.
Hall, A. S.; Cote, S. (2021). "Ruminant mesowear reveals consistently browse-dominated diets throughout the early and middle Miocene of eastern Africa". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 567: Article 110253. Bibcode:2021PPP...56710253H. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110253. S2CID233517877.
Mennecart, B.; Wazir, W. A.; Sehgal, R. K.; Patnaik, R.; Singh, N. P.; Kumar, N.; Nanda, A. C. (2022). "New remains of Nalamaeryx (Tragulidae, Mammalia) from the Ladakh Himalaya and their phylogenetical and palaeoenvironmental implications". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (12): 2295–2303. Bibcode:2022HBio...34.2295M. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.2014479. S2CID245480633.
Khan, M. A.; Babar, M. A.; Ríos, M. (2021). "New material of Bramatherium grande from the Siwaliks of Pakistan sheds light on dental intra-clade morphological variability of Late Miocene sivatheres". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (1): e1898976. Bibcode:2021JVPal..41E8976K. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1898976. S2CID234831069.
Rotti, A.; Vezzosi, R. I.; Mothé, D.; Avilla, L. S. (2021). "Rising from the ashes: The biggest South American deers (Cetartiodactyla: Cervidae) once roamed Northeast Brazil". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 108: Article 103154. Bibcode:2021JSAES.10803154R. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103154. S2CID233546889.
Pandolfi, L.; Masini, F.; Kostopoulos, D. S. (2021). "Messinian Italian Bovidae revised: paleobiogeographic and biochronological implications". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 33 (12): 3590–3603. Bibcode:2021HBio...33.3590P. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1878513. S2CID233669813.
Zver, L.; Toškan, B.; Bužan, E. (2021). "Phylogeny of Late Pleistocene and Holocene Bison species in Europe and North America". Quaternary International. 595: 30–38. Bibcode:2021QuInt.595...30Z. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2021.04.022.
Ferrusquía-Villafranca, I.; Wang, X. (2021). "The first Paleogene mustelid (Mammalia, Carnivora) from southern North America and its paleontologic significance". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 109: Article 103236. Bibcode:2021JSAES.10903236F. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103236. S2CID233830062.
Kargopoulos, N.; Valenciano, A.; Kampouridis, P.; Lechner, T.; Böhme, M. (2021). "New early late Miocene species of Vishnuonyx (Carnivora, Lutrinae) from the hominid locality of Hammerschmiede, Bavaria, Germany". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (3): e1948858. Bibcode:2021JVPal..41E8858K. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1948858. S2CID240538139.
Perri, A. R.; Mitchell, K. J.; Mouton, A.; Álvarez-Carretero, S.; Hulme-Beaman, A.; Haile, J.; Jamieson, A.; Meachen, J.; Lin, A. T.; Schubert, B. W.; Ameen, C.; Antipina, E. E.; Bover, P.; Brace, S.; Carmagnini, A.; Carøe, C.; Samaniego Castruita, J. A.; Chatters, J. C.; Dobney, K.; dos Reis, M.; Evin, A.; Gaubert, P.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Gower, G.; Heiniger, H.; Helgen, K. M.; Kapp, J.; Kosintsev, P. A.; Linderholm, A.; Ozga, A. T.; Presslee, S.; Salis, A. T.; Saremi, N. F.; Shew, C.; Skerry, K.; Taranenko, D. E.; Thompson, M.; Sablin, M. V.; Kuzmin, Y. V.; Collins, M. J.; Sinding, M.-H. S.; Gilbert, M. T. P.; Stone, A. C.; Shapiro, B.; Van Valkenburgh, B.; Wayne, R. K.; Larson, G.; Cooper, A.; Frantz, L. A. F. (2021). "Dire wolves were the last of an ancient New World canid lineage". Nature. 591 (7848): 87–91. Bibcode:2021Natur.591...87P. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03082-x. PMID33442059. S2CID231604957.
Landry, Z.; Kim, S.; Trayler, R. B.; Gilbert, M.; Zazula, G.; Southon, J.; Fraser, D. (2021). "Dietary reconstruction and evidence of prey shifting in Pleistocene and recent gray wolves (Canis lupus) from Yukon Territory". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 571: Article 110368. Bibcode:2021PPP...57110368L. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110368. S2CID233662657.
Barrett, P. Z.; Hopkins, W. S. B.; Price, S. A. (2021). "How many sabertooths? Reevaluating the number of carnivoran sabertooth lineages with total-evidence Bayesian techniques and a novel origin of the Miocene Nimravidae". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (1): e1923523. Bibcode:2021JVPal..41E3523B. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1923523. S2CID236221655.
Kargopoulos, N.; Kampouridis, P.; Lechner, T.; Böhme, M. (2022). "Hyaenidae (Carnivora) from the Late Miocene hominid locality of Hammerschmiede (Bavaria, Germany)". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (11): 2249–2258. Bibcode:2022HBio...34.2249K. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.2010193. S2CID244913608.
Liu, Jinyi; Liu, Jinyuan; Zhang, H.; Wagner, J.; Jiangzuo, Q.; Song, Y.; Liu, S.; Wang, Y.; Jin, C. (2021). "The giant short-faced hyena Pachycrocuta brevirostris (Mammalia, Carnivora, Hyaenidae) from Northeast Asia: A reinterpretation of subspecies differentiation and intercontinental dispersal". Quaternary International. 577: 29–51. Bibcode:2021QuInt.577...29L. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2020.12.031. S2CID234125458.
Iannucci, A.; Mecozzi, B.; Sardella, R.; Iurino, D. A. (2021). "The extinction of the giant hyena Pachycrocuta brevirostris and a reappraisal of the Epivillafranchian and Galerian Hyaenidae in Europe: Faunal turnover during the Early–Middle Pleistocene Transition". Quaternary Science Reviews. 272: Article 107240. Bibcode:2021QSRv..27207240I. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107240. S2CID239548772.
Mecozzi, B.; Sardella, R.; Boscaini, A.; Cherin, M.; Costeur, L.; Madurell-Malapeira, J.; Pavia, M.; Profico, A.; Iurino, D. A. (2021). "The tale of a short-tailed cat: New outstanding Late Pleistocene fossils of Lynx pardinus from southern Italy". Quaternary Science Reviews. 262: Article 106840. Bibcode:2021QSRv..26206840M. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106840. hdl:11573/1546549. S2CID233635913.
Rosina, V.; Pickford, M. (2022). "The new small emballonurid (Emballonuridae, Chiroptera, Mammalia) from the Miocene of Africa: its phylogenetic and palaeogeographic implications". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (7): 1240–1251. Bibcode:2022HBio...34.1240R. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1973451. S2CID239134133.
Das, D. P.; Carolin, N.; Bajpai, S. (2022). "A nyctitheriid insectivore (Eulipotyphla, Mammalia) of Asian affinity from the early Eocene of India". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (7): 1157–1165. Bibcode:2022HBio...34.1157D. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1966002. S2CID238735010.
Vera, B.; Scarano, A. C.; Reguero, M. A. (2021). "A new Interatheriinae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from the Cerro Boleadoras Formation (Santa Cruz, Argentina) and the evolution of the tarsus within the lineage during the Miocene". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 19 (14): 1003–1030. Bibcode:2021JSPal..19.1003V. doi:10.1080/14772019.2021.1995906. S2CID245210493.
Fernández, M.; Fernicola, J. C.; Cerdeño, E. (2021). "A new genus of Interatheriinae (Interatheriidae, Notoungulata) from the Santa Cruz Formation (early–middle Miocene), Santa Cruz Province, Argentina, and the revision of the genus Cochilius Ameghino, 1902". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (4): e1956940. Bibcode:2021JVPal..41E6940F. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1956940. S2CID239647102.
Solórzano, A.; Núñez-Flores, M. (2021). "Evolutionary trends of body size and hypsodonty in notoungulates and their probable drivers". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 568: Article 110306. Bibcode:2021PPP...56810306S. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110306. S2CID233537649.
Fernández, M.; Fernicola, J. C.; Cerdeño, E. (2021). "Deciduous dentition and dental eruption sequence in Interatheriinae (Notoungulata, Interatheriidae): implications in the systematics of the group". Journal of Paleontology. 95 (4): 861–885. Bibcode:2021JPal...95..861F. doi:10.1017/jpa.2021.7. S2CID233649237.
Perales-Gogenola, L.; Badiola, A.; Gómez-Olivencia, A.; Pereda-Suberbiola, X. (2021). "New Leptolophus (Palaeotheriidae) species from the Iberian Peninsula and early evidence of hypsodonty in an Eocene perissodactyl". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (1): e1912061. Bibcode:2021JVPal..41E2061P. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1912061. S2CID236397348.
Pandolfi, L.; Pierre-Olivier, A.; Bukhsianidze, M.; Lordkipanidze, D.; Rook, L. (2021). "Northern Eurasian rhinocerotines (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) by the Pliocene–Pleistocene transition: phylogeny and historical biogeography". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 19 (15): 1031–1057. Bibcode:2021JSPal..19.1031P. doi:10.1080/14772019.2021.1995907. S2CID244762077.
Handa, N.; Nakatsukasa, M.; Kunimatsu, Y.; Tsubamoto, T.; Nakaya, H. (2021). "The Chalicotheriidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the upper Miocene Nakali Formation, Kenya". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 33 (12): 3522–3529. Bibcode:2021HBio...33.3522H. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1876042. S2CID234015871.
Li, Z.; Li, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Xie, K.; Li, Z.; Chen, Y. (2021). "New material of Aprotodon lanzhouensis (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae) from the Early Miocene in Northwest China". Geological Journal. 56 (9): 4779–4787. Bibcode:2021GeolJ..56.4779L. doi:10.1002/gj.4212. S2CID237834591.
Puzachenko, A. Yu.; Levchenko, V. A.; Bertuch, F.; Zazovskaya, E. P.; Kirillova, I. V. (2021). "Late Pleistocene chronology and environment of woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis (Blumenbach, 1799)) in Beringia". Quaternary Science Reviews. 263: Article 106994. Bibcode:2021QSRv..26306994P. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106994. S2CID236317042.
O'Brien, K.; Tryon, C. A.; Blegen, N.; Kimeu, B.; Rowan, J.; Faith, J. T. (2021). "First appearance of Grévy's zebra (Equus grevyi), from the middle Pleistocene Kapthurin Formation, Kenya, sheds light on the evolution and paleoecology of large zebras". Quaternary Science Reviews. 256: Article 106835. Bibcode:2021QSRv..25606835O. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106835. S2CID233638447.
Solé, F.; Morlo, M.; Schaal, T.; Lehmann, T. (2021). "New hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the late Ypresian locality of Prémontré (France) support a radiation of the hyaenodonts in Europe already at the end of the early Eocene". Geobios. 66–67: 119–141. Bibcode:2021Geobi..66..119S. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.004. S2CID234848856.
de Oliveira, K.; Asevedo, L.; Calegari, M. R.; Gelfo, J. N.; Mothé, D.; Avilla, L. (2021). "From oral pathology to feeding ecology: The first dental calculus paleodiet study of a South American native megamammal". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 109: Article 103281. Bibcode:2021JSAES.10903281D. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103281. S2CID233678648.
Solé, F.; Morse, P. E.; Bloch, J. I.; Gingerich, P. D.; Smith, T. (2021). "New specimens of the mesonychid Dissacus praenuntius from the early Eocene of Wyoming and evaluation of body size through the PETM in North America". Geobios. 66–67: 103–118. Bibcode:2021Geobi..66..103S. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.005. S2CID234877826.
Fernicola, J. C.; Zimicz, A. N.; Chornogubsky, L.; Cruz, L. E.; Bond, M.; Arnal, M.; Cárdenas, M.; Fernández, M. (2021). "New assemblage of cingulates from the Quebrada de Los Colorados Formation (middle Eocene) at Los Cardones National Park (Salta Province, Argentina) and the Casamayoran SALMA problem at the Northwestern Argentina". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 111: Article 103476. Bibcode:2021JSAES.11103476F. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103476.
Tambusso, P. S.; Varela, L.; Góis, F.; Moura, J. F.; Villa, C.; Fariña, R. A. (2021). "The inner ear anatomy of glyptodonts and pampatheres (Xenarthra, Cingulata): Functional and phylogenetic implications". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 108: Article 103189. Bibcode:2021JSAES.10803189T. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103189. S2CID234062118.
Zamorano, M.; Fariña, R. A. (2022). "Changes in form and function of the caudal tubes in Panochthus (Xenarthra; Glyptodontidae) along the Pleistocene". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (12): 2265–2272. Bibcode:2022HBio...34.2265Z. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.2012767. S2CID245186500.
Pujos, F.; Ciancio, M. R.; Forasiepi, A. M.; Pujos, M.; Candela, A. M.; Vera, B.; Reguero, M. A.; Combina, A. M.; Cerdeño, E. (2021). "The late Oligocene xenarthran fauna of Quebrada Fiera (Mendoza, Argentina) and its implications for sloth origins and the diversity of Palaeogene cingulates". Papers in Palaeontology. 7 (3): 1613–1656. Bibcode:2021PPal....7.1613P. doi:10.1002/spp2.1356. S2CID233608784.
Montellano-Ballesteros, M.; Fox, R. C.; Scott, C. S. (2021). "A new, "dwarfed" species of the phenacodontid "condylarth" Ectocion from the late Paleocene of Alberta, Canada, and its implications". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 58 (11): 1155–1169. Bibcode:2021CaJES..58.1155M. doi:10.1139/cjes-2019-0234. hdl:1807/107869. S2CID239992495.
Kramarz, A. G.; Bond, M.; MacPhee, R. D. E. (2021). "On the alleged perissodactyl affinities of the "condylarth" Escribania chubutensis and other endemic South American ungulate-like placentals". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (4): e1986716. Bibcode:2021JVPal..41E6716K. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1986716. S2CID244055434.
Selig, K. R.; Chew, A. E.; Silcox, M. T. (2021). "Dietary shifts in a group of early Eocene euarchontans (Microsyopidae) in association with climatic change". Palaeontology. 64 (5): 609–628. Bibcode:2021Palgy..64..609S. doi:10.1111/pala.12544. S2CID237788962.
Blanco, F.; Calatayud, J.; Martín-Perea, D. M.; Domingo, M. S.; Menéndez, I.; Müller, J.; Hernández Fernández, M.; Cantalapiedra, J. L. (2021). "Punctuated ecological equilibrium in mammal communities over evolutionary time scales". Science. 372 (6539): 300–303. Bibcode:2021Sci...372..300B. doi:10.1126/science.abd5110. PMID33859037. S2CID233245055.
Araújo, T.; Machado, H.; Mothé, D.; Avilla, L. S. (2021). "Species distribution modeling reveals the ecological niche of extinct megafauna from South America". Quaternary Research. 104: 151–158. Bibcode:2021QuRes.104..151A. doi:10.1017/qua.2021.24. S2CID236554327.
Price, G. J.; Fitzsimmons, K. E.; Nguyen, A. D.; Zhao, J.; Feng, Y.; Sobbe, I. H.; Godthelp, H.; Archer, M.; Hand, S. J. (2021). "New ages of the world's largest-ever marsupial: Diprotodon optatum from Pleistocene Australia". Quaternary International. 603: 64–73. Bibcode:2021QuInt.603...64P. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2021.06.013.
Scott, C. S. (2021). "First mammal from the Willow Creek Formation: a new early Paleocene ptilodontid (Mammalia, Multituberculata) from near Calgary, Alberta, Canada". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 58 (6): 505–518. Bibcode:2021CaJES..58..505S. doi:10.1139/cjes-2020-0151. S2CID236608393.
Lopatin, A. V. (2021). "Mammalian Tooth Marks on the Bone of Eutriconodontan Gobiconodon borissiaki (Mammalia, Gobiconodontidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of Mongolia". Doklady Earth Sciences. 501 (supplement issue 1): S18–S21. Bibcode:2021DokES.501S..18L. doi:10.1134/S1028334X22010044. S2CID247585483.
Smaers, J. B.; Rothman, R. S.; Hudson, D. R.; Balanoff, A. M.; Beatty, B.; Dechmann, D. K. N.; de Vries, D.; Dunn, J. C.; Fleagle, J. G.; Gilbert, C. C.; Goswami, A.; Iwaniuk, A. N.; Jungers, W. L.; Kerney, M.; Ksepka, D. T.; Manger, P. R.; Mongle, C. S.; Rohlf, F. J.; Smith, N. A.; Soligo, C.; Weisbecker, V.; Safi, K. (2021). "The evolution of mammalian brain size". Science Advances. 7 (18): eabe2101. Bibcode:2021SciA....7.2101S. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abe2101. PMC8081360. PMID33910907.
Mothé, D.; de Oliveira, K.; Rotti, A.; Román-Carrión, J. L.; Bertolino, L. C.; Krepsky, N.; Avilla, L. (2021). "The micro from mega: Dental calculus description and the first record of fossilized oral bacteria from an extinct proboscidean". International Journal of Paleopathology. 33: 55–60. doi:10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.02.004. PMID33721688. S2CID232244356.
O'Leary, M. A. (2021). "A dense sample of fossil primates (Adapiformes, Notharctidae, Notharctinae) from the Early Eocene Willwood Formation, Wyoming: Documentation of gradual change in tooth area and shape through time". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 174 (4): 728–743. doi:10.1002/ajpa.24177. PMID33483945. S2CID231688788.
Ioannidou, M.; Koufos, G. D.; de Bonis, L.; Harvati, K. (2021). "3D geometric morphometrics analysis of mandibular fragments of Ouranopithecus macedoniensis from the late Miocene deposits of Central Macedonia, Greece". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 177 (1): 48–62. doi:10.1002/ajpa.24420. PMID36787758. S2CID239523081.
Jiang, Q.; Zhao, L.; Guo, L.; Wu, Y. (2021). "First direct evidence of conservative foraging ecology of early Gigantopithecus blacki (~2 Ma) in Guangxi, southern China". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 176 (1): 93–108. doi:10.1002/ajpa.24300. PMID33964022. S2CID233998055.
Fellows Yates, J. A.; Velsko, I. M.; Aron, F.; Posth, C.; Hofman, C. A.; Austin, R. M.; Parker, C. E.; Mann, A. E.; Nägele, K.; Arthur, K. W.; Arthur, J. W.; Bauer, C. C.; Crevecoeur, I.; Cupillard, C.; Curtis, M. C.; Dalén, L.; Díaz-Zorita Bonilla, M.; Díez Fernández-Lomana, J. C.; Drucker, D. G.; Escribano Escrivá, E.; Francken, M.; Gibbon, V. E.; González Morales, M. R.; Grande Mateu, A.; Harvati, K.; Henry, A. G.; Humphrey, L.; Menéndez, M.; Mihailović, D.; Peresani, M.; Rodríguez Moroder, S.; Roksandic, M.; Rougier, H.; Sázelová, S.; Stock, J. T.; Straus, L. G.; Svoboda, J.; Teßmann, B.; Walker, M. J.; Power, R. C.; Lewis, C. M.; Sankaranarayanan, K.; Guschanski, K.; Wrangham, R. W.; Dewhirst, F. E.; Salazar-García, D. C.; Krause, J.; Herbig, A.; Warinner, C. (2021). "The evolution and changing ecology of the African hominid oral microbiome". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 118 (20): e2021655118. Bibcode:2021PNAS..11821655F. doi:10.1073/pnas.2021655118. PMC8157933. PMID33972424.
Kuman, K.; Granger, D. E.; Gibbon, R. J.; Pickering, T. R.; Caruana, M. V.; Bruxelles, L.; Clarke, R. J.; Heaton, J. L.; Stratford, D.; Brain, C. K. (2021). "A new absolute date from Swartkrans Cave for the oldest occurrences of Paranthropus robustus and Oldowan stone tools in South Africa". Journal of Human Evolution. 156: Article 103000. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.103000. PMID34020297. S2CID235092783.
Carlson, K. J.; Green, D. J.; Jashashvili, T.; Pickering, T. R.; Heaton, J. L.; Beaudet, A.; Stratford, D.; Crompton, R.; Kuman, K.; Bruxelles, L.; Clarke, R. J. (2021). "The pectoral girdle of StW 573 ('Little Foot') and its implications for shoulder evolution in the Hominina". Journal of Human Evolution. 158: Article 102983. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.102983. PMID33888323.
Dumouchel, L.; Bobe, R.; Wynn, J. G.; Barr, W. A. (2021). "The environments of Australopithecus anamensis at Allia Bay, Kenya: A multiproxy analysis of early Pliocene Bovidae". Journal of Human Evolution. 151: Article 102928. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102928. PMID33453510. S2CID231628172.
May, H.; Sarig, R.; Pokhojaev, A.; Fornai, C.; Martinón-Torres, M.; Bermúdez de Castro, J. M.; Weber, G. W.; Zaidner, Y.; Hershkovitz, I. (2021). "Response to Comment on "A Middle Pleistocene Homo from Nesher Ramla, Israel"". Science. 374 (6572): eabl5789. doi:10.1126/science.abl5789. PMID34855476. S2CID244841367.
Schwartz, J.; Pantoja-Pérez, A.; Arsuaga, J. L. (2021). "The nasal region of the ~417 ka Sima de los Huesos (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain) Hominin: New terminology and implications for later human evolution". The Anatomical Record. 305 (8): 1991–2029. doi:10.1002/ar.24698. PMID34166582. S2CID235633520.
Bermúdez de Castro, J. M.; Martínez de Pinillos, M.; Martín-Francés, L.; Modesto-Mata, M.; García-Campos, C.; Arsuaga, J. L.; Martinón-Torres, M. (2021). "Dental remains of the Middle Pleistocene hominins from the Sima de los Huesos site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain): Mandibular dentition". The Anatomical Record. in press. doi:10.1002/ar.24840. PMID34851548. S2CID244825479.
Bermúdez de Castro, J. M.; Martínez de Pinillos, M.; Martín-Francés, L.; Modesto-Mata, M.; García-Campos, C.; Arsuaga, J. L.; Martinón-Torres, M. (2021). "Dental remains of the Middle Pleistocene hominins from the Sima de los Huesos site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain): Maxillary dentition". The Anatomical Record. in press. doi:10.1002/ar.24841. PMID34866354. S2CID244908239.
Conde-Valverde, M.; Martínez, I.; Quam, R. M.; Rosa, M.; Velez, A. D.; Lorenzo, C.; Jarabo, P.; Bermúdez de Castro, J. M.; Carbonell, E.; Arsuaga, J. L. (2021). "Neanderthals and Homo sapiens had similar auditory and speech capacities". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 5 (5): 609–615. Bibcode:2021NatEE...5..609C. doi:10.1038/s41559-021-01391-6. PMID33649543. S2CID232090739.
Vernot, B.; Zavala, E. I.; Gómez-Olivencia, A.; Jacobs, Z.; Slon, V.; Mafessoni, F.; Romagné, F.; Pearson, A.; Petr, M.; Sala, N.; Pablos, A.; Aranburu, A.; Bermúdez de Castro, J. M.; Carbonell, E.; Li, B.; Krajcarz, M. T.; Krivoshapkin, A. I.; Kolobova, K. A.; Kozlikin, M. B.; Shunkov, M. V.; Derevianko, A. P.; Viola, B.; Grote, S.; Essel, E.; Herráez, D. L.; Nagel, S.; Nickel, B.; Richter, J.; Schmidt, A.; Peter, B.; Kelso, J.; Roberts, R. G.; Arsuaga, J.-L.; Meyer, M. (2021). "Unearthing Neanderthal population history using nuclear and mitochondrial DNA from cave sediments". Science. 372 (6542): eabf1667. doi:10.1126/science.abf1667. PMID33858989. S2CID233260228.
Wilkins, J.; Schoville, B. J.; Pickering, R.; Gliganic, L.; Collins, B.; Brown, K. S.; von der Meden, J.; Khumalo, W.; Meyer, M. C.; Maape, S.; Blackwood, A. F.; Hatton, A. (2021). "Innovative Homo sapiens behaviours 105,000 years ago in a wetter Kalahari". Nature. 592 (7853): 248–252. Bibcode:2021Natur.592..248W. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03419-0. PMID33790469. S2CID232483324.
Pigati, J. S.; Springer, K. B.; Bennett, M. R.; Bustos, D.; Urban, T. M.; Holliday, V. T.; Reynolds, S. C.; Odess, D. (2022). "Response to Comment on "Evidence of humans in North America during the Last Glacial Maximum"". Science. 375 (6577): eabm6987. doi:10.1126/science.abm6987. PMID35025662. S2CID245933931.
Duke, D.; Wohlgemuth, E.; Adams, K. R.; Armstrong-Ingram, A.; Rice, S. K.; Young, D. C. (2021). "Earliest evidence for human use of tobacco in the Pleistocene Americas". Nature Human Behaviour. 6 (2): 183–192. doi:10.1038/s41562-021-01202-9. PMID34635825. S2CID238635872.
Mistretta, B. A.; Giovas, C. M.; Weksler, M.; Turvey, S. T. (2021). "Extinct insular oryzomyine rice rats (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae) from the Grenada Bank, southern Caribbean". Zootaxa. 4951 (3): 434–460. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4951.3.2. PMID33903389. S2CID233410451.
Lloyd, G. T.; Slater, G. J. (2021). "A total-group phylogenetic metatree for Cetacea and the importance of fossil data in diversification analyses". Systematic Biology. 70 (5): 922–939. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syab002. PMID33507304.
Januario, M.; Quental, T. B. (2021). "Re-evaluation of the "law of constant extinction" for ruminants at different taxonomical scales". Evolution. 75 (3): 656–671. doi:10.1111/evo.14177. PMID33486771. S2CID231702201.
Perri, A. R.; Mitchell, K. J.; Mouton, A.; Álvarez-Carretero, S.; Hulme-Beaman, A.; Haile, J.; Jamieson, A.; Meachen, J.; Lin, A. T.; Schubert, B. W.; Ameen, C.; Antipina, E. E.; Bover, P.; Brace, S.; Carmagnini, A.; Carøe, C.; Samaniego Castruita, J. A.; Chatters, J. C.; Dobney, K.; dos Reis, M.; Evin, A.; Gaubert, P.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Gower, G.; Heiniger, H.; Helgen, K. M.; Kapp, J.; Kosintsev, P. A.; Linderholm, A.; Ozga, A. T.; Presslee, S.; Salis, A. T.; Saremi, N. F.; Shew, C.; Skerry, K.; Taranenko, D. E.; Thompson, M.; Sablin, M. V.; Kuzmin, Y. V.; Collins, M. J.; Sinding, M.-H. S.; Gilbert, M. T. P.; Stone, A. C.; Shapiro, B.; Van Valkenburgh, B.; Wayne, R. K.; Larson, G.; Cooper, A.; Frantz, L. A. F. (2021). "Dire wolves were the last of an ancient New World canid lineage". Nature. 591 (7848): 87–91. Bibcode:2021Natur.591...87P. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03082-x. PMID33442059. S2CID231604957.
Liu, S.; Westbury, M. V.; Dussex, N.; Mitchell, K. J.; Sinding, M-H. S.; Heintzman, P. D.; Duchêne, D. A.; Kapp, J. D.; von Seth, J.; Heiniger, H.; Sánchez-Barreiro, F.; Margaryan, A.; André-Olsen, R.; De Cahsan, B.; Meng, G.; Yang, C.; Chen, L.; van der Valk, T.; Moodley, Y.; Rookmaaker, K.; Bruford, M. W.; Ryder, O.; Steiner, C.; Bruins-van Sonsbeek, L. G. R.; Vartanyan, S.; Guo, C.; Cooper, A.; Kosintsev, P.; Kirillova, I.; Lister, A. M.; Marques-Bonet, T.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Dunn, R. R.; Lorenzen, E. D.; Shapiro, B.; Zhang, G.; Antoine, P.-O.; Dalén, L.; Gilbert, M. T. P. (2021). "Ancient and modern genomes unravel the evolutionary history of the rhinoceros family". Cell. 184 (19): 4874–4885.e16. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.032. hdl:10230/48693. PMID34433011. S2CID237273079.
Amaral, R. V.; Carvalho, L. B.; Azevedo, S. A. K.; Delcourt, R. (2021). "The first evidence of pituitary gland tumor in ground sloth Valgipes bucklandi Lund, 1839". The Anatomical Record. 305 (6): 1394–1401. doi:10.1002/ar.24786. PMID34591370. S2CID238228542.
Phillips, M. J.; Shazwani Zakaria, S. (2021). "Enhancing mitogenomic phylogeny and resolving the relationships of extinct megafaunal placental mammals". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 158: Article 107082. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107082. PMID33482383. S2CID231689281.
Blanco, F.; Calatayud, J.; Martín-Perea, D. M.; Domingo, M. S.; Menéndez, I.; Müller, J.; Hernández Fernández, M.; Cantalapiedra, J. L. (2021). "Punctuated ecological equilibrium in mammal communities over evolutionary time scales". Science. 372 (6539): 300–303. Bibcode:2021Sci...372..300B. doi:10.1126/science.abd5110. PMID33859037. S2CID233245055.
Smaers, J. B.; Rothman, R. S.; Hudson, D. R.; Balanoff, A. M.; Beatty, B.; Dechmann, D. K. N.; de Vries, D.; Dunn, J. C.; Fleagle, J. G.; Gilbert, C. C.; Goswami, A.; Iwaniuk, A. N.; Jungers, W. L.; Kerney, M.; Ksepka, D. T.; Manger, P. R.; Mongle, C. S.; Rohlf, F. J.; Smith, N. A.; Soligo, C.; Weisbecker, V.; Safi, K. (2021). "The evolution of mammalian brain size". Science Advances. 7 (18): eabe2101. Bibcode:2021SciA....7.2101S. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abe2101. PMC8081360. PMID33910907.
Fellows Yates, J. A.; Velsko, I. M.; Aron, F.; Posth, C.; Hofman, C. A.; Austin, R. M.; Parker, C. E.; Mann, A. E.; Nägele, K.; Arthur, K. W.; Arthur, J. W.; Bauer, C. C.; Crevecoeur, I.; Cupillard, C.; Curtis, M. C.; Dalén, L.; Díaz-Zorita Bonilla, M.; Díez Fernández-Lomana, J. C.; Drucker, D. G.; Escribano Escrivá, E.; Francken, M.; Gibbon, V. E.; González Morales, M. R.; Grande Mateu, A.; Harvati, K.; Henry, A. G.; Humphrey, L.; Menéndez, M.; Mihailović, D.; Peresani, M.; Rodríguez Moroder, S.; Roksandic, M.; Rougier, H.; Sázelová, S.; Stock, J. T.; Straus, L. G.; Svoboda, J.; Teßmann, B.; Walker, M. J.; Power, R. C.; Lewis, C. M.; Sankaranarayanan, K.; Guschanski, K.; Wrangham, R. W.; Dewhirst, F. E.; Salazar-García, D. C.; Krause, J.; Herbig, A.; Warinner, C. (2021). "The evolution and changing ecology of the African hominid oral microbiome". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 118 (20): e2021655118. Bibcode:2021PNAS..11821655F. doi:10.1073/pnas.2021655118. PMC8157933. PMID33972424.
Smaers, J. B.; Rothman, R. S.; Hudson, D. R.; Balanoff, A. M.; Beatty, B.; Dechmann, D. K. N.; de Vries, D.; Dunn, J. C.; Fleagle, J. G.; Gilbert, C. C.; Goswami, A.; Iwaniuk, A. N.; Jungers, W. L.; Kerney, M.; Ksepka, D. T.; Manger, P. R.; Mongle, C. S.; Rohlf, F. J.; Smith, N. A.; Soligo, C.; Weisbecker, V.; Safi, K. (2021). "The evolution of mammalian brain size". Science Advances. 7 (18): eabe2101. Bibcode:2021SciA....7.2101S. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abe2101. PMC8081360. PMID33910907.
Perri, A. R.; Mitchell, K. J.; Mouton, A.; Álvarez-Carretero, S.; Hulme-Beaman, A.; Haile, J.; Jamieson, A.; Meachen, J.; Lin, A. T.; Schubert, B. W.; Ameen, C.; Antipina, E. E.; Bover, P.; Brace, S.; Carmagnini, A.; Carøe, C.; Samaniego Castruita, J. A.; Chatters, J. C.; Dobney, K.; dos Reis, M.; Evin, A.; Gaubert, P.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Gower, G.; Heiniger, H.; Helgen, K. M.; Kapp, J.; Kosintsev, P. A.; Linderholm, A.; Ozga, A. T.; Presslee, S.; Salis, A. T.; Saremi, N. F.; Shew, C.; Skerry, K.; Taranenko, D. E.; Thompson, M.; Sablin, M. V.; Kuzmin, Y. V.; Collins, M. J.; Sinding, M.-H. S.; Gilbert, M. T. P.; Stone, A. C.; Shapiro, B.; Van Valkenburgh, B.; Wayne, R. K.; Larson, G.; Cooper, A.; Frantz, L. A. F. (2021). "Dire wolves were the last of an ancient New World canid lineage". Nature. 591 (7848): 87–91. Bibcode:2021Natur.591...87P. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03082-x. PMID33442059. S2CID231604957.
Bonhof, W. J.; Pryor, A. J. E. (2021). "Proboscideans on Parade: A review of the migratory behaviour of elephants, mammoths, and mastodons". Quaternary Science Reviews. 277: Article 107304. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107304. hdl:10871/128047. S2CID245440050.
Mothé, D.; de Oliveira, K.; Rotti, A.; Román-Carrión, J. L.; Bertolino, L. C.; Krepsky, N.; Avilla, L. (2021). "The micro from mega: Dental calculus description and the first record of fossilized oral bacteria from an extinct proboscidean". International Journal of Paleopathology. 33: 55–60. doi:10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.02.004. PMID33721688. S2CID232244356.
Palombo, M. R.; Sanz, M.; Daura, J. (2021). "The complete skeleton of a straight-tusked elephant calf from Cova del Rinoceront (Late Pleistocene, NE Iberian Peninsula): New insights into ontogenetic growth in Palaeoloxodon antiquus". Quaternary Science Reviews. 274: Article 107257. Bibcode:2021QSRv..27407257P. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107257. S2CID244088519.
Sanders, W. J.; Leakey, M. G.; Leakey, L. N.; Feibel, C. S.; Ibui, T. G.; Nyete, C.; Mbete, M. P.; Brown, F. H. (2021). "Morphological description and identification of an extraordinary new elephant cranium from the early Pliocene of Ileret, Kenya". Palæovertebrata. 44 (2): e3. doi:10.18563/pv.44.2.e3. S2CID239606229.
Maschenko, E. N.; Potapova, O. R.; Heintzman, P. D.; Kapp, J. D.; Shapiro, B.; Protopopov, A. V.; Boeskorov, G. G.; Pavlov, I. S.; Plotnikov, V. V.; Kolesov, S. D.; Klimovskiy, A. I.; Kharlamova, A. S.; van der Plicht, J.; Agenbroad, L. D. (2021). "Morphology, Individual Age, DNA and Sex of the Yuka Mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) from Northern Yakutia, Russia". Paleontological Journal. 55 (11): 1230–1259. Bibcode:2021PalJ...55.1230M. doi:10.1134/S003103012111006X. S2CID245540116.
Kerber, L.; Moraes–Santos, H. (2021). "Endocranial Morphology of a Middle Miocene South American Dugongid and the Neurosensorial Evolution of Sirenians". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 28 (3): 661–678. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09555-8. S2CID236226810.
O'Leary, M. A. (2021). "A dense sample of fossil primates (Adapiformes, Notharctidae, Notharctinae) from the Early Eocene Willwood Formation, Wyoming: Documentation of gradual change in tooth area and shape through time". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 174 (4): 728–743. doi:10.1002/ajpa.24177. PMID33483945. S2CID231688788.
Ioannidou, M.; Koufos, G. D.; de Bonis, L.; Harvati, K. (2021). "3D geometric morphometrics analysis of mandibular fragments of Ouranopithecus macedoniensis from the late Miocene deposits of Central Macedonia, Greece". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 177 (1): 48–62. doi:10.1002/ajpa.24420. PMID36787758. S2CID239523081.
Jiang, Q.; Zhao, L.; Guo, L.; Wu, Y. (2021). "First direct evidence of conservative foraging ecology of early Gigantopithecus blacki (~2 Ma) in Guangxi, southern China". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 176 (1): 93–108. doi:10.1002/ajpa.24300. PMID33964022. S2CID233998055.
Kuman, K.; Granger, D. E.; Gibbon, R. J.; Pickering, T. R.; Caruana, M. V.; Bruxelles, L.; Clarke, R. J.; Heaton, J. L.; Stratford, D.; Brain, C. K. (2021). "A new absolute date from Swartkrans Cave for the oldest occurrences of Paranthropus robustus and Oldowan stone tools in South Africa". Journal of Human Evolution. 156: Article 103000. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.103000. PMID34020297. S2CID235092783.
Dumouchel, L.; Bobe, R.; Wynn, J. G.; Barr, W. A. (2021). "The environments of Australopithecus anamensis at Allia Bay, Kenya: A multiproxy analysis of early Pliocene Bovidae". Journal of Human Evolution. 151: Article 102928. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102928. PMID33453510. S2CID231628172.
May, H.; Sarig, R.; Pokhojaev, A.; Fornai, C.; Martinón-Torres, M.; Bermúdez de Castro, J. M.; Weber, G. W.; Zaidner, Y.; Hershkovitz, I. (2021). "Response to Comment on "A Middle Pleistocene Homo from Nesher Ramla, Israel"". Science. 374 (6572): eabl5789. doi:10.1126/science.abl5789. PMID34855476. S2CID244841367.
Schwartz, J.; Pantoja-Pérez, A.; Arsuaga, J. L. (2021). "The nasal region of the ~417 ka Sima de los Huesos (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain) Hominin: New terminology and implications for later human evolution". The Anatomical Record. 305 (8): 1991–2029. doi:10.1002/ar.24698. PMID34166582. S2CID235633520.
Bermúdez de Castro, J. M.; Martínez de Pinillos, M.; Martín-Francés, L.; Modesto-Mata, M.; García-Campos, C.; Arsuaga, J. L.; Martinón-Torres, M. (2021). "Dental remains of the Middle Pleistocene hominins from the Sima de los Huesos site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain): Mandibular dentition". The Anatomical Record. in press. doi:10.1002/ar.24840. PMID34851548. S2CID244825479.
Bermúdez de Castro, J. M.; Martínez de Pinillos, M.; Martín-Francés, L.; Modesto-Mata, M.; García-Campos, C.; Arsuaga, J. L.; Martinón-Torres, M. (2021). "Dental remains of the Middle Pleistocene hominins from the Sima de los Huesos site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain): Maxillary dentition". The Anatomical Record. in press. doi:10.1002/ar.24841. PMID34866354. S2CID244908239.
Bloos, G. (2021). "The stratigraphic position of Homo steinheimensis (late Middle Pleistocene, SW Germany)". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 302 (2): 169–208. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2021/1027. S2CID243901203.
Conde-Valverde, M.; Martínez, I.; Quam, R. M.; Rosa, M.; Velez, A. D.; Lorenzo, C.; Jarabo, P.; Bermúdez de Castro, J. M.; Carbonell, E.; Arsuaga, J. L. (2021). "Neanderthals and Homo sapiens had similar auditory and speech capacities". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 5 (5): 609–615. Bibcode:2021NatEE...5..609C. doi:10.1038/s41559-021-01391-6. PMID33649543. S2CID232090739.
Vernot, B.; Zavala, E. I.; Gómez-Olivencia, A.; Jacobs, Z.; Slon, V.; Mafessoni, F.; Romagné, F.; Pearson, A.; Petr, M.; Sala, N.; Pablos, A.; Aranburu, A.; Bermúdez de Castro, J. M.; Carbonell, E.; Li, B.; Krajcarz, M. T.; Krivoshapkin, A. I.; Kolobova, K. A.; Kozlikin, M. B.; Shunkov, M. V.; Derevianko, A. P.; Viola, B.; Grote, S.; Essel, E.; Herráez, D. L.; Nagel, S.; Nickel, B.; Richter, J.; Schmidt, A.; Peter, B.; Kelso, J.; Roberts, R. G.; Arsuaga, J.-L.; Meyer, M. (2021). "Unearthing Neanderthal population history using nuclear and mitochondrial DNA from cave sediments". Science. 372 (6542): eabf1667. doi:10.1126/science.abf1667. PMID33858989. S2CID233260228.
Wilkins, J.; Schoville, B. J.; Pickering, R.; Gliganic, L.; Collins, B.; Brown, K. S.; von der Meden, J.; Khumalo, W.; Meyer, M. C.; Maape, S.; Blackwood, A. F.; Hatton, A. (2021). "Innovative Homo sapiens behaviours 105,000 years ago in a wetter Kalahari". Nature. 592 (7853): 248–252. Bibcode:2021Natur.592..248W. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03419-0. PMID33790469. S2CID232483324.
Martinón-Torres, M.; d'Errico, F.; Santos, E.; Álvaro Gallo, A.; Amano, N.; Archer, W.; Armitage, S. J.; Arsuaga, J. L.; Bermúdez de Castro, J. M.; Blinkhorn, J.; Crowther, A.; Douka, K.; Dubernet, S.; Faulkner, P.; Fernández-Colón, P.; Kourampas, N.; González García, J.; Larreina, D.; Le Bourdonnec, F.-X.; MacLeod, G.; Martín-Francés, L.; Massilani, D.; Mercader, J.; Miller, J. M.; Ndiema, E.; Notario, B.; Pitarch Martí, A.; Prendergast, M. E.; Queffelec, A.; Rigaud, S.; Roberts, P.; Shoaee, M. J.; Shipton, C.; Simpson, I.; Boivin, N.; Petraglia, M. D. (2021). "Earliest known human burial in Africa". Nature. 593 (7857): 95–100. Bibcode:2021Natur.593...95M. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03457-8. hdl:10072/413039. PMID33953416. S2CID233871256.
Pigati, J. S.; Springer, K. B.; Bennett, M. R.; Bustos, D.; Urban, T. M.; Holliday, V. T.; Reynolds, S. C.; Odess, D. (2022). "Response to Comment on "Evidence of humans in North America during the Last Glacial Maximum"". Science. 375 (6577): eabm6987. doi:10.1126/science.abm6987. PMID35025662. S2CID245933931.
Duke, D.; Wohlgemuth, E.; Adams, K. R.; Armstrong-Ingram, A.; Rice, S. K.; Young, D. C. (2021). "Earliest evidence for human use of tobacco in the Pleistocene Americas". Nature Human Behaviour. 6 (2): 183–192. doi:10.1038/s41562-021-01202-9. PMID34635825. S2CID238635872.
Bonilla Salomón, I.; Luján, À. H.; Ivanov, M.; Sabol, M. (2022). "Aliveria mojmiri sp. nov. among other flying and ground squirrels (Rodentia, Mammalia) from the early Miocene of Mokrá-Quarry sites (Moravia, Czech Republic)". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (10): 1950–1963. Bibcode:2022HBio...34.1950B. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1992403. S2CID240485210.
De Santi, N. A.; Verzi, D. H.; Olivares, A. I.; Piñero, P.; Álvarez, A.; Morgan, C. C. (2021). "A new Pleistocene Ctenomys and divergence dating of the hyperdiverse South American rodent family Ctenomyidae". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 19 (5): 377–392. Bibcode:2021JSPal..19..377S. doi:10.1080/14772019.2021.1910583. S2CID235363109.
Mistretta, B. A.; Giovas, C. M.; Weksler, M.; Turvey, S. T. (2021). "Extinct insular oryzomyine rice rats (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae) from the Grenada Bank, southern Caribbean". Zootaxa. 4951 (3): 434–460. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4951.3.2. PMID33903389. S2CID233410451.
Piñero, P.; Verzi, D. H.; Olivares, A. I.; Montalvo, C. I.; Tomassini, R. L.; Fernández Villoldo, A. (2021). "Evolutionary pattern of Metacaremys gen. nov. (Rodentia, Octodontidae) and its biochronological implications for the late Miocene and early Pliocene of southern South America". Papers in Palaeontology. 7 (4): 1895–1917. Bibcode:2021PPal....7.1895P. doi:10.1002/spp2.1368. S2CID236309712.
Croft, D. A.; Flynn, J. J.; Wyss, A. R.; Charrier, R.; Anaya, F. (2021). "New Chinchillid Rodents (Hystricognathi: Caviomorpha) from Northern Chile and Bolivia Fill a 17-Million-Year Gap in the Pan-Chinchilline Fossil Record". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 28 (4): 1205–1236. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09579-0. S2CID245207976.
Piñero, P.; Olivares, A. I.; Verzi, D. H.; Contreras, V. H. (2021). "Paralonchothrix gen. nov., the first record of Echimyini (Rodentia, Octodontoidea) in the late Miocene of Southern South America". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 112 (2): 147–158. Bibcode:2021EESTR.112..147P. doi:10.1017/S175569102100027X. S2CID237576539.
Sinitsa, M. V.; Čermák, S.; Kryuchkova, L. Yu. (2021). "Cranial Anatomy of Csakvaromys bredai (Rodentia, Sciuridae, Xerinae) and Implications for Ground Squirrel Evolution and Systematics". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 29: 149–189. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09561-w. S2CID240547730.
Kerber, L.; Candela, A. M.; Ferreira, J. D.; Pretto, F. A.; Bubadué, J.; Negri, F. R. (2021). "Postcranial Morphology of the Extinct Rodent Neoepiblema (Rodentia: Chinchilloidea): Insights Into the Paleobiology of Neoepiblemids". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 29: 207–235. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09567-4. S2CID239145691.
Yang, Y.; Qiang, L.; Xijun, N.; Cheng, X.; Zhang, J.; Li, H.; Jin, C. (2021). "Tooth micro-wear analysis reveals that persistence of beaver Trogontherium cuvieri (Rodentia, Mammalia) in Northeast China relied on its plastic ecological niche in Pleistocene". Quaternary International. 591: 70–79. Bibcode:2021QuInt.591...70Y. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2021.01.004. S2CID234255041.
Barbière, F.; Taglioretti, M.; Pardiñas, U. F. J.; Ortiz, P. E. (2021). "New craniodental material of the extinct sigmodontine Olympicomys (Rodentia, Cricetidae) allows a discussion of its tribal affiliation". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34: 72–84. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1896501. S2CID233636862.
Lambert, O.; Goolaerts, S. (2021). "Late Miocene Survival of a Hyper-Longirostrine Dolphin and the Neogene to Recent Evolution of Rostrum Proportions Among Odontocetes". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 29: 99–111. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09573-6. S2CID240016777.
Collareta, A.; Marx, F. G.; Casati, S.; Di Cencio, A.; Merella, M.; Bianucci, G. (2021). "A cetotheriid whale from the upper Miocene of the Mediterranean". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 301 (1): 9–16. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2021/0994. hdl:11568/1117113. S2CID237736273.
Bisconti, M.; Daniello, R.; Damarco, P.; Tartarelli, G.; Pavia, M.; Carnevale, G. (2021). "High Encephalization in a Fossil Rorqual Illuminates Baleen Whale Brain Evolution". Brain, Behavior and Evolution. 96 (2): 78–90. doi:10.1159/000519852. PMID34758463. S2CID243987538.
Januario, M.; Quental, T. B. (2021). "Re-evaluation of the "law of constant extinction" for ruminants at different taxonomical scales". Evolution. 75 (3): 656–671. doi:10.1111/evo.14177. PMID33486771. S2CID231702201.
Hall, A. S.; Cote, S. (2021). "Ruminant mesowear reveals consistently browse-dominated diets throughout the early and middle Miocene of eastern Africa". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 567: Article 110253. Bibcode:2021PPP...56710253H. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110253. S2CID233517877.
Mennecart, B.; Wazir, W. A.; Sehgal, R. K.; Patnaik, R.; Singh, N. P.; Kumar, N.; Nanda, A. C. (2022). "New remains of Nalamaeryx (Tragulidae, Mammalia) from the Ladakh Himalaya and their phylogenetical and palaeoenvironmental implications". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (12): 2295–2303. Bibcode:2022HBio...34.2295M. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.2014479. S2CID245480633.
Khan, M. A.; Babar, M. A.; Ríos, M. (2021). "New material of Bramatherium grande from the Siwaliks of Pakistan sheds light on dental intra-clade morphological variability of Late Miocene sivatheres". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (1): e1898976. Bibcode:2021JVPal..41E8976K. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1898976. S2CID234831069.
Croitor, R. (2021). "Early evolutionary radiation and diversity of the Old World telemetacarpal deer (Capreolinae, Cervidae, Mammalia)". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 300 (1): 33–67. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2021/0978. S2CID234849546.
Rotti, A.; Vezzosi, R. I.; Mothé, D.; Avilla, L. S. (2021). "Rising from the ashes: The biggest South American deers (Cetartiodactyla: Cervidae) once roamed Northeast Brazil". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 108: Article 103154. Bibcode:2021JSAES.10803154R. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103154. S2CID233546889.
Pandolfi, L.; Masini, F.; Kostopoulos, D. S. (2021). "Messinian Italian Bovidae revised: paleobiogeographic and biochronological implications". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 33 (12): 3590–3603. Bibcode:2021HBio...33.3590P. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1878513. S2CID233669813.
Shi, Q.; Deng, T. (2021). "Redescription of the skull of Hezhengia bohlini (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) and a reassessment of the systematics of the Chinese late Miocene 'ovibovines'". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (24): 2059–2074. doi:10.1080/14772019.2021.1883756. S2CID232116327.
Shi, Q.; Hou, S.; Sun, B.; Wang, S.; Deng, T. (2021). "Ontogenetic and Intraspecific Variation in the Skull Morphology of the Late Miocene Bovid Hezhengia bohlini". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 28 (3): 871–884. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09558-5. S2CID238816485.
Orcutt, J. D.; Calede, J. J. M. (2021). "Quantitative analyses of feliform humeri reveal the existence of a very large cat in North America during the Miocene". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 28 (3): 729–751. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09540-1. S2CID235541255.
Rahmat, S.; Hafed, A. B.; Godfrey, S. J.; Nance, J. R.; Koretsky, I. A. (2021). "A new unusual Monachinae from the Neogene of the Atlantic Coastal Plain (Maryland, USA)". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (3): 515–524. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1933469. S2CID237752557.
Ferrusquía-Villafranca, I.; Wang, X. (2021). "The first Paleogene mustelid (Mammalia, Carnivora) from southern North America and its paleontologic significance". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 109: Article 103236. Bibcode:2021JSAES.10903236F. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103236. S2CID233830062.
Wallace, S. C.; Lyon, L. M. (2021). "Systematic revision of the Ailurinae (Mammalia: Carnivora: Ailuridae): with a new species from North America". In Angela R. Glatston (ed.). Red Panda. Biology and Conservation of the First Panda (second ed.). Academic Press. pp. 31–52. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-823753-3.00011-9. ISBN978-0-12-823753-3. S2CID243818007.
Kargopoulos, N.; Valenciano, A.; Kampouridis, P.; Lechner, T.; Böhme, M. (2021). "New early late Miocene species of Vishnuonyx (Carnivora, Lutrinae) from the hominid locality of Hammerschmiede, Bavaria, Germany". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (3): e1948858. Bibcode:2021JVPal..41E8858K. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1948858. S2CID240538139.
Bartolini Lucenti, S. (2021). "A new large-sized Pliocene fox (Carnivora, Canidae) from Yushe Basin (Shanxi, China)". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 127 (1): 133–147. doi:10.13130/2039-4942/15206. S2CID244993909.
de Bonis, L.; Grohé, C.; Chaimanee, Y.; Jaeger, J.-J.; Yamee, C.; Rugbumrung, M. (2021). "New fossil Carnivora from Thailand: transcontinental paleobiostratigraphic correlations and paleobiogeographical implications". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 299 (3): 319–332. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2021/0972. S2CID233603122.
Perri, A. R.; Mitchell, K. J.; Mouton, A.; Álvarez-Carretero, S.; Hulme-Beaman, A.; Haile, J.; Jamieson, A.; Meachen, J.; Lin, A. T.; Schubert, B. W.; Ameen, C.; Antipina, E. E.; Bover, P.; Brace, S.; Carmagnini, A.; Carøe, C.; Samaniego Castruita, J. A.; Chatters, J. C.; Dobney, K.; dos Reis, M.; Evin, A.; Gaubert, P.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Gower, G.; Heiniger, H.; Helgen, K. M.; Kapp, J.; Kosintsev, P. A.; Linderholm, A.; Ozga, A. T.; Presslee, S.; Salis, A. T.; Saremi, N. F.; Shew, C.; Skerry, K.; Taranenko, D. E.; Thompson, M.; Sablin, M. V.; Kuzmin, Y. V.; Collins, M. J.; Sinding, M.-H. S.; Gilbert, M. T. P.; Stone, A. C.; Shapiro, B.; Van Valkenburgh, B.; Wayne, R. K.; Larson, G.; Cooper, A.; Frantz, L. A. F. (2021). "Dire wolves were the last of an ancient New World canid lineage". Nature. 591 (7848): 87–91. Bibcode:2021Natur.591...87P. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03082-x. PMID33442059. S2CID231604957.
Bartolini-Lucenti, S.; Spassov, N. (2021). "Cave canem! The earliest Canis (Xenocyon) (Canidae, Mammalia) of Europe: Taxonomic affinities and paleoecology of the fossil wild dogs". Quaternary Science Reviews. 276: Article 107315. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107315. S2CID245120609.
Landry, Z.; Kim, S.; Trayler, R. B.; Gilbert, M.; Zazula, G.; Southon, J.; Fraser, D. (2021). "Dietary reconstruction and evidence of prey shifting in Pleistocene and recent gray wolves (Canis lupus) from Yukon Territory". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 571: Article 110368. Bibcode:2021PPP...57110368L. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110368. S2CID233662657.
Gardin, A.; Salesa, M. J.; Siliceo, G.; Antón, M.; Pastor, J. F.; de Bonis, L. (2021). "Climbing Adaptations of an Enigmatic Early Arctoid Carnivoran: the Functional Anatomy of the Forelimb of Amphicynodon leptorhynchus From the Lower Oligocene of the Quercy Phosphorites (France)". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 28 (3): 785–811. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09553-w. S2CID236586858.
Wang, D.; Gao, Z.; Bottazzi, J.; Shao, Q.; Li, Y.; Wu, K.; Zhou, W.; Jiao, F.; Li, S.; Jiangzuo, Q. (2022). "Significance of the preservation of 'pseudo-thumb' in fossil skeletons of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in Shuanghe Cave, Guizhou Province, southern China". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (11): 2188–2194. Bibcode:2022HBio...34.2188W. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.2006195. S2CID244424393.
Barrett, P. Z.; Hopkins, W. S. B.; Price, S. A. (2021). "How many sabertooths? Reevaluating the number of carnivoran sabertooth lineages with total-evidence Bayesian techniques and a novel origin of the Miocene Nimravidae". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (1): e1923523. Bibcode:2021JVPal..41E3523B. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1923523. S2CID236221655.
Kargopoulos, N.; Kampouridis, P.; Lechner, T.; Böhme, M. (2022). "Hyaenidae (Carnivora) from the Late Miocene hominid locality of Hammerschmiede (Bavaria, Germany)". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (11): 2249–2258. Bibcode:2022HBio...34.2249K. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.2010193. S2CID244913608.
Liu, Jinyi; Liu, Jinyuan; Zhang, H.; Wagner, J.; Jiangzuo, Q.; Song, Y.; Liu, S.; Wang, Y.; Jin, C. (2021). "The giant short-faced hyena Pachycrocuta brevirostris (Mammalia, Carnivora, Hyaenidae) from Northeast Asia: A reinterpretation of subspecies differentiation and intercontinental dispersal". Quaternary International. 577: 29–51. Bibcode:2021QuInt.577...29L. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2020.12.031. S2CID234125458.
Iannucci, A.; Mecozzi, B.; Sardella, R.; Iurino, D. A. (2021). "The extinction of the giant hyena Pachycrocuta brevirostris and a reappraisal of the Epivillafranchian and Galerian Hyaenidae in Europe: Faunal turnover during the Early–Middle Pleistocene Transition". Quaternary Science Reviews. 272: Article 107240. Bibcode:2021QSRv..27207240I. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107240. S2CID239548772.
Chatar, N.; Fischer, V.; Siliceo, G.; Antón, M.; Morales, J.; Salesa, M. J. (2021). "Morphometric Analysis of the Mandible of Primitive Sabertoothed Felids from the late Miocene of Spain". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 28 (3): 753–771. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09541-0. hdl:2268/259634. S2CID225170582.
Li, Y.; Sun, B. (2021). "Megantereon (Carnivora, Felidae) in the late Early Pleistocene in China and its implications for paleobiogeography". Quaternary International. 610: 97–107. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2021.09.008. S2CID240564316.
Mecozzi, B.; Sardella, R.; Boscaini, A.; Cherin, M.; Costeur, L.; Madurell-Malapeira, J.; Pavia, M.; Profico, A.; Iurino, D. A. (2021). "The tale of a short-tailed cat: New outstanding Late Pleistocene fossils of Lynx pardinus from southern Italy". Quaternary Science Reviews. 262: Article 106840. Bibcode:2021QSRv..26206840M. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106840. hdl:11573/1546549. S2CID233635913.
Dantas, M. A. T.; Bernardes, C.; Asevedo, L.; Pansani, T. R.; França, L. M.; Aragão, W. S.; Santos, F. S.; Cravo, E.; Ximenes, C. (2021). "Isotopic palaeoecology (δ13C) of three faunivores from Late Pleistocene of the Brazilian intertropical region". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (3): 507–514. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1933468. S2CID236272572.
Rosina, V.; Pickford, M. (2022). "The new small emballonurid (Emballonuridae, Chiroptera, Mammalia) from the Miocene of Africa: its phylogenetic and palaeogeographic implications". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (7): 1240–1251. Bibcode:2022HBio...34.1240R. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1973451. S2CID239134133.
López-Aguirre, C.; Czaplewski, N. J.; Link, A.; Takai, M.; Hand, S. J. (2021). "Dietary and body-mass reconstruction of the Miocene neotropical bat Notonycteris magdalenensis (Phyllostomidae) from La Venta, Colombia". Paleobiology. 48: 137–153. doi:10.1017/pab.2021.21. S2CID237837220.
González-Dionis, J.; Castillo Ruiz, C.; Cruzado-Caballero, P.; Cadavid-Melero, E.; Crespo, V. D. (2021). "First study of the bat fossil record of the mid-Atlantic volcanic islands". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 113: 13–27. doi:10.1017/S1755691021000384. S2CID244885244.
Hooker, J. J. (2021). "The Mammals of the Late Eocene – Early Oligocene Solent Group. Part 1, introduction and Euarchonta: Nyctitheriidae". Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society. 175 (659): 1–147. doi:10.1080/02693445.2021.1928440. S2CID245133140.
Das, D. P.; Carolin, N.; Bajpai, S. (2022). "A nyctitheriid insectivore (Eulipotyphla, Mammalia) of Asian affinity from the early Eocene of India". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (7): 1157–1165. Bibcode:2022HBio...34.1157D. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1966002. S2CID238735010.
Vera, B.; Scarano, A. C.; Reguero, M. A. (2021). "A new Interatheriinae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from the Cerro Boleadoras Formation (Santa Cruz, Argentina) and the evolution of the tarsus within the lineage during the Miocene". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 19 (14): 1003–1030. Bibcode:2021JSPal..19.1003V. doi:10.1080/14772019.2021.1995906. S2CID245210493.
Castro, L. O. R.; García-López, D.; Bergqvist, L. P.; de Araújo-Júnior, H. I. (2021). "A new basal notoungulate from the Itaboraí Basin (Paleogene) of Brazil". Ameghiniana. 58 (3): 272–288. doi:10.5710/AMGH.05.02.2021.3387. S2CID234220780.
Fernández, M.; Fernicola, J. C.; Cerdeño, E. (2021). "A new genus of Interatheriinae (Interatheriidae, Notoungulata) from the Santa Cruz Formation (early–middle Miocene), Santa Cruz Province, Argentina, and the revision of the genus Cochilius Ameghino, 1902". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (4): e1956940. Bibcode:2021JVPal..41E6940F. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1956940. S2CID239647102.
Martínez, G.; Dozo, M. T.; Gelfo, J. N.; Ciancio, M. R.; González-José, R. (2021). "A new toxodont (Mammalia, Panperissodactyla, Notoungulata) from the Oligocene of Patagonia, Argentina, and systematic considerations on the paraphyletic 'Notohippidae'". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (24): 1995–2013. doi:10.1080/14772019.2021.1872723. S2CID232116246.
Solórzano, A.; Núñez-Flores, M. (2021). "Evolutionary trends of body size and hypsodonty in notoungulates and their probable drivers". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 568: Article 110306. Bibcode:2021PPP...56810306S. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110306. S2CID233537649.
Perini, F. A.; Macrini, T. E.; Flynn, J. J.; Bamba, K.; Ni, X.; Croft, D. A.; Wyss, A. R. (2021). "Comparative Endocranial Anatomy, Encephalization, and Phylogeny of Notoungulata (Placentalia, Mammalia)". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 29 (2): 369–394. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09583-4. S2CID244540627.
Scarano, A. C.; Vera, B.; Reguero, M. (2021). "Evolutionary trends of Protypotherium (Interatheriidae, Notoungulata) lineage throughout the Miocene of South America". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 28 (3): 885–895. doi:10.1007/s10914-020-09534-5. S2CID230986107.
Fernández, M.; Fernicola, J. C.; Cerdeño, E. (2021). "Deciduous dentition and dental eruption sequence in Interatheriinae (Notoungulata, Interatheriidae): implications in the systematics of the group". Journal of Paleontology. 95 (4): 861–885. Bibcode:2021JPal...95..861F. doi:10.1017/jpa.2021.7. S2CID233649237.
Ercoli, M. D.; Armella, M. A. (2021). "Snout shape and masticatory apparatus of the rodent-like mesotheriid ungulates (Notoungulata, Typotheria): exploring evolutionary trends in dietary strategies through ancestral reconstructions". Palaeontology. 64 (3): 385–408. doi:10.1111/pala.12530. S2CID233684440.
Armella, M. A. (2021). "Tooth Size Variation in Assemblages of Tremacyllus (Hegetotheriidae, Notoungulata): Insights into Geographical Gradients, Systematics, and Sexual Dimorphism". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 29: 113–128. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09575-4. S2CID244221777.
Sun, D.; Deng, T.; Jiangzuo, Q. (2021). "The most primitive Elasmotherium (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae) from the Late Miocene of northern China". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (2): 201–211. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1907368. S2CID235558419.
Perales-Gogenola, L.; Badiola, A.; Gómez-Olivencia, A.; Pereda-Suberbiola, X. (2021). "New Leptolophus (Palaeotheriidae) species from the Iberian Peninsula and early evidence of hypsodonty in an Eocene perissodactyl". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (1): e1912061. Bibcode:2021JVPal..41E2061P. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1912061. S2CID236397348.
Giaourtsakis, I. X. (2022). "The Fossil Record of Rhinocerotids (Mammalia: Perissodactyla: Rhinocerotidae) in Greece". In E. Vlachos (ed.). Fossil Vertebrates of Greece Vol. 2. Springer. pp. 409–500. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-68442-6_14. ISBN978-3-030-68441-9. S2CID239883886.
Pandolfi, L.; Pierre-Olivier, A.; Bukhsianidze, M.; Lordkipanidze, D.; Rook, L. (2021). "Northern Eurasian rhinocerotines (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) by the Pliocene–Pleistocene transition: phylogeny and historical biogeography". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 19 (15): 1031–1057. Bibcode:2021JSPal..19.1031P. doi:10.1080/14772019.2021.1995907. S2CID244762077.
Handa, N.; Nakatsukasa, M.; Kunimatsu, Y.; Tsubamoto, T.; Nakaya, H. (2021). "The Chalicotheriidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the upper Miocene Nakali Formation, Kenya". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 33 (12): 3522–3529. Bibcode:2021HBio...33.3522H. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1876042. S2CID234015871.
Li, Z.; Li, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Xie, K.; Li, Z.; Chen, Y. (2021). "New material of Aprotodon lanzhouensis (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae) from the Early Miocene in Northwest China". Geological Journal. 56 (9): 4779–4787. Bibcode:2021GeolJ..56.4779L. doi:10.1002/gj.4212. S2CID237834591.
Puzachenko, A. Yu.; Levchenko, V. A.; Bertuch, F.; Zazovskaya, E. P.; Kirillova, I. V. (2021). "Late Pleistocene chronology and environment of woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis (Blumenbach, 1799)) in Beringia". Quaternary Science Reviews. 263: Article 106994. Bibcode:2021QSRv..26306994P. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106994. S2CID236317042.
Liu, S.; Westbury, M. V.; Dussex, N.; Mitchell, K. J.; Sinding, M-H. S.; Heintzman, P. D.; Duchêne, D. A.; Kapp, J. D.; von Seth, J.; Heiniger, H.; Sánchez-Barreiro, F.; Margaryan, A.; André-Olsen, R.; De Cahsan, B.; Meng, G.; Yang, C.; Chen, L.; van der Valk, T.; Moodley, Y.; Rookmaaker, K.; Bruford, M. W.; Ryder, O.; Steiner, C.; Bruins-van Sonsbeek, L. G. R.; Vartanyan, S.; Guo, C.; Cooper, A.; Kosintsev, P.; Kirillova, I.; Lister, A. M.; Marques-Bonet, T.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Dunn, R. R.; Lorenzen, E. D.; Shapiro, B.; Zhang, G.; Antoine, P.-O.; Dalén, L.; Gilbert, M. T. P. (2021). "Ancient and modern genomes unravel the evolutionary history of the rhinoceros family". Cell. 184 (19): 4874–4885.e16. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.032. hdl:10230/48693. PMID34433011. S2CID237273079.
Labarca, R.; Caro, F. J.; Villavicencio, N. A.; Capriles, J. M.; Briones, E.; Latorre, C.; Santoro, C. M. (2021). "A Partially Complete Skeleton of Hippidion saldiasi Roth, 1899 (Mammalia: Perissodactyla) from the Late Pleistocene of the High Andes in Northern Chile". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 40 (6): e1862132. doi:10.1080/02724634.2020.1862132. S2CID233706381.
O'Brien, K.; Tryon, C. A.; Blegen, N.; Kimeu, B.; Rowan, J.; Faith, J. T. (2021). "First appearance of Grévy's zebra (Equus grevyi), from the middle Pleistocene Kapthurin Formation, Kenya, sheds light on the evolution and paleoecology of large zebras". Quaternary Science Reviews. 256: Article 106835. Bibcode:2021QSRv..25606835O. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106835. S2CID233638447.
Solé, F.; Morlo, M.; Schaal, T.; Lehmann, T. (2021). "New hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the late Ypresian locality of Prémontré (France) support a radiation of the hyaenodonts in Europe already at the end of the early Eocene". Geobios. 66–67: 119–141. Bibcode:2021Geobi..66..119S. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.004. S2CID234848856.
de Oliveira, K.; Asevedo, L.; Calegari, M. R.; Gelfo, J. N.; Mothé, D.; Avilla, L. (2021). "From oral pathology to feeding ecology: The first dental calculus paleodiet study of a South American native megamammal". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 109: Article 103281. Bibcode:2021JSAES.10903281D. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103281. S2CID233678648.
Solé, F.; Morse, P. E.; Bloch, J. I.; Gingerich, P. D.; Smith, T. (2021). "New specimens of the mesonychid Dissacus praenuntius from the early Eocene of Wyoming and evaluation of body size through the PETM in North America". Geobios. 66–67: 103–118. Bibcode:2021Geobi..66..103S. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.005. S2CID234877826.
Fernicola, J. C.; Zimicz, A. N.; Chornogubsky, L.; Ducea, M.; Cruz, L. E.; Bond, M.; Arnal, M.; Cárdenas, M.; Fernández, M. (2021). "The Early Eocene Climatic Optimum at the Lower Section of the Lumbrera Formation (Ypresian, Salta Province, Northwestern Argentina): Origin and Early Diversification of the Cingulata". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 28 (3): 621–633. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09545-w. S2CID236602601.
Barasoain, D.; González-Ruiz, L.; Zurita, A.; Villarroel, C. (2021). "Oldest new Dasypodini (Xenarthra, Cingulata) provides new trails about armadillos evolutionary history". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (3): 390–402. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1917566. S2CID235536906.
Tambusso, P. S.; Varela, L.; Góis, F.; Moura, J. F.; Villa, C.; Fariña, R. A. (2021). "The inner ear anatomy of glyptodonts and pampatheres (Xenarthra, Cingulata): Functional and phylogenetic implications". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 108: Article 103189. Bibcode:2021JSAES.10803189T. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103189. S2CID234062118.
Zamorano, M.; Fariña, R. A. (2022). "Changes in form and function of the caudal tubes in Panochthus (Xenarthra; Glyptodontidae) along the Pleistocene". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (12): 2265–2272. Bibcode:2022HBio...34.2265Z. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.2012767. S2CID245186500.
Pujos, F.; Ciancio, M. R.; Forasiepi, A. M.; Pujos, M.; Candela, A. M.; Vera, B.; Reguero, M. A.; Combina, A. M.; Cerdeño, E. (2021). "The late Oligocene xenarthran fauna of Quebrada Fiera (Mendoza, Argentina) and its implications for sloth origins and the diversity of Palaeogene cingulates". Papers in Palaeontology. 7 (3): 1613–1656. Bibcode:2021PPal....7.1613P. doi:10.1002/spp2.1356. S2CID233608784.
McDonald, H. G.; Arroyo-Cabrales, J.; Alarcón-Durán, I.; Espinosa-Martínez, D. V. (2021). "First record of Meizonyx salvadorensis (Mammalia: Xenarthra: Pilosa) from the late Pleistocene of Mexico and its evolutionary implications". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (22): 1829–1851. doi:10.1080/14772019.2020.1842816. S2CID231636912.
Amaral, R. V.; Carvalho, L. B.; Azevedo, S. A. K.; Delcourt, R. (2021). "The first evidence of pituitary gland tumor in ground sloth Valgipes bucklandi Lund, 1839". The Anatomical Record. 305 (6): 1394–1401. doi:10.1002/ar.24786. PMID34591370. S2CID238228542.
Varela, L.; McDonald, H. G.; Fariña, R. (2021). "Sexual dimorphism in the fossil ground sloth Lestodon armatus (Xenarthra, Folivora)". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (3): 525–537. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1933470. S2CID236315139.
Lopatin, A. V.; Averianov, A. O. (2021). "First Apatemyid Mammal from Central Asia". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 29: 129–135. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09574-5. S2CID244226624.
Montellano-Ballesteros, M.; Fox, R. C.; Scott, C. S. (2021). "A new, "dwarfed" species of the phenacodontid "condylarth" Ectocion from the late Paleocene of Alberta, Canada, and its implications". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 58 (11): 1155–1169. Bibcode:2021CaJES..58.1155M. doi:10.1139/cjes-2019-0234. hdl:1807/107869. S2CID239992495.
Kramarz, A. G.; Macphee, R. D. E. (2022). "Did some extinct South American native ungulates arise from an afrothere ancestor? A critical appraisal of Avilla and Mothé's (2021) Sudamericungulata – Panameridiungulata hypothesis". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 30: 67–77. doi:10.1007/s10914-022-09633-5. S2CID253433775.
Kramarz, A. G.; Bond, M.; MacPhee, R. D. E. (2021). "On the alleged perissodactyl affinities of the "condylarth" Escribania chubutensis and other endemic South American ungulate-like placentals". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (4): e1986716. Bibcode:2021JVPal..41E6716K. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1986716. S2CID244055434.
Selig, K. R.; Chew, A. E.; Silcox, M. T. (2021). "Dietary shifts in a group of early Eocene euarchontans (Microsyopidae) in association with climatic change". Palaeontology. 64 (5): 609–628. Bibcode:2021Palgy..64..609S. doi:10.1111/pala.12544. S2CID237788962.
Phillips, M. J.; Shazwani Zakaria, S. (2021). "Enhancing mitogenomic phylogeny and resolving the relationships of extinct megafaunal placental mammals". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 158: Article 107082. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107082. PMID33482383. S2CID231689281.
Blanco, F.; Calatayud, J.; Martín-Perea, D. M.; Domingo, M. S.; Menéndez, I.; Müller, J.; Hernández Fernández, M.; Cantalapiedra, J. L. (2021). "Punctuated ecological equilibrium in mammal communities over evolutionary time scales". Science. 372 (6539): 300–303. Bibcode:2021Sci...372..300B. doi:10.1126/science.abd5110. PMID33859037. S2CID233245055.
Böhme, M.; Kampouridis, P.; Markov, G. N.; Hristova, L.; Spassov, N. (2021). "Large mammals (Proboscidea, Perissodactyla) from the late Miocene Burel Basin in West Bulgaria". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 302 (2): 117–129. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2021/1022. S2CID243927661.
Dembitzer, J.; Barkai, R.; Ben-Dor, M.; Meiri, S. (2021). "Levantine overkill: 1.5 million years of hunting down the body size distribution". Quaternary Science Reviews. 276: Article 107316. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107316. S2CID245236379.
Araújo, T.; Machado, H.; Mothé, D.; Avilla, L. S. (2021). "Species distribution modeling reveals the ecological niche of extinct megafauna from South America". Quaternary Research. 104: 151–158. Bibcode:2021QuRes.104..151A. doi:10.1017/qua.2021.24. S2CID236554327.
Warburton, N. M.; Yates, A. M. (2021). "Functional morphology of Wakaleo postcrania from the middle to late Miocene of central Australia reveals new insights in the evolution of marsupial hypercarnivores". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 40 (6): e1878203. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1878203. S2CID233793061.
Scott, C. S. (2021). "First mammal from the Willow Creek Formation: a new early Paleocene ptilodontid (Mammalia, Multituberculata) from near Calgary, Alberta, Canada". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 58 (6): 505–518. Bibcode:2021CaJES..58..505S. doi:10.1139/cjes-2020-0151. S2CID236608393.
Martin, T.; Goin, F. J.; Schultz, J. A.; Gelfo, J. N. (2021). "Early Late Cretaceous mammals from southern Patagonia (Santa Cruz province, Argentina)". Cretaceous Research. 133: Article 105127. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.105127. S2CID245549530.
Smith, T.; Codrea, V. A.; Devillet, G.; Solomon, A. A. (2021). "A New Mammal Skull from the Late Cretaceous of Romania and Phylogenetic Affinities of Kogaionid Multituberculates". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 29: 1–26. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09564-7. S2CID244194193.
Davis, B. M.; Cifelli, R. L.; Rougier, G. W. (2021). "Mammalian Petrosals from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation (Utah, USA) Reveal Non-canonical Evolution of Middle and Inner Ear Characters". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 28 (4): 1027–1049. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09586-1. S2CID245212060.
Lopatin, A. V. (2021). "Mammalian Tooth Marks on the Bone of Eutriconodontan Gobiconodon borissiaki (Mammalia, Gobiconodontidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of Mongolia". Doklady Earth Sciences. 501 (supplement issue 1): S18–S21. Bibcode:2021DokES.501S..18L. doi:10.1134/S1028334X22010044. S2CID247585483.
Rougier, G. W.; Turazzinni, G. F.; Cardozo, M. S.; Harper, T.; Lires, A. I.; Canessa, L. A. (2021). "New Specimens of Reigitherium bunodontum from the Late Cretaceous La Colonia Formation, Patagonia, Argentina and Meridiolestidan Diversity in South America". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 28 (4): 1051–1081. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09585-2. S2CID245214278.