Wray, Harold (1973). "A Study in Contrasts. Japanese School Textbooks of 1903 and 1941–5". Monumenta Nipponica. 28 (1): 69–86. doi:10.2307/2383934. JSTOR2383934.
Wray, Harold (1973). "A Study in Contrasts. Japanese School Textbooks of 1903 and 1941–5". Monumenta Nipponica. 28 (1): 69–86. doi:10.2307/2383934. JSTOR2383934.
Kokushi Daijitenja:国史大辞典 (昭和時代) ("Historical Dictionary"), 1980: "It was not an official term, but a term of incitement used by the Japanese media, under the guidance of the military, in order to stir up the Japanese people's sense of crisis..." (Cited by Christopher Barnard, 2003, Language, Ideology and Japanese History Textbooks, London & New York, Routledge Curzon, p. 85.)
