AI winter (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "AI winter" in English language version.

refsWebsite

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19web.archive.org

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6berkeley.edu

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3ed.ac.uk

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2turingpost.com

low place

2aclanthology.org

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2doi.org

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2hutchinsweb.me.uk

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2worldcat.org

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1ainewsletter.com

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1ul.pt

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1figshare.com

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1stanford.edu

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1ieee.org

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1acm.org

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1dreamsongs.com

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1computer.org

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1economist.com

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1bizjournals.com

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1nytimes.com

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1cnn.com

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1unesco.org

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1wipo.int

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1sfchronicle.com

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1cnbc.com

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1theguardian.com

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1zdnet.com

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1go.com

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aclanthology.org

Electronic brain translates Russian Chemical and Engineering News
Polyglot brainchild aclanthology.org

acm.org

cacm.acm.org

"There Was No 'First AI Winter' | December 2023 | Communications of the ACM". 14 December 2023.

ainewsletter.com

AI Expert Newsletter: W is for Winter Archived 9 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine

berkeley.edu

aima.cs.berkeley.edu

Different sources use different dates for the AI winter. Consider: (1) Howe 1994: "Lighthill's [1973] report provoked a massive loss of confidence in AI by the academic establishment in the UK (and to a lesser extent in the US). It persisted for a decade ― the so-called '"AI Winter'", (2) Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 24: "Overall, the AI industry boomed from a few million dollars in 1980 to billions of dollars in 1988. Soon after that came a period called the 'AI Winter'" Howe, J. (November 1994). "Artificial Intelligence at Edinburgh University : a Perspective". Archived from the original on 17 August 2007. Retrieved 30 August 2007. Russell, Stuart J.; Norvig, Peter (2003), Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (2nd ed.), Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-790395-2
Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 21. Russell, Stuart J.; Norvig, Peter (2003), Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (2nd ed.), Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-790395-2
Crevier 1993, pp. 102–105, McCorduck 2004, pp. 104–107, Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 22 Crevier, Daniel (1993). AI: The Tumultuous Search for Artificial Intelligence. New York, NY: BasicBooks. ISBN 0-465-02997-3. McCorduck, Pamela (2004), Machines Who Think (2nd ed.), Natick, Massachusetts: A. K. Peters, ISBN 1-5688-1205-1 Russell, Stuart J.; Norvig, Peter (2003), Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (2nd ed.), Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-790395-2
Crevier 1993, pp. 214–6 and Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 25 Crevier, Daniel (1993). AI: The Tumultuous Search for Artificial Intelligence. New York, NY: BasicBooks. ISBN 0-465-02997-3. Russell, Stuart J.; Norvig, Peter (2003), Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (2nd ed.), Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-790395-2
Crevier 1993, p. 117, Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 22, Howe 1994 and see also Lighthill 1973 Crevier, Daniel (1993). AI: The Tumultuous Search for Artificial Intelligence. New York, NY: BasicBooks. ISBN 0-465-02997-3. Russell, Stuart J.; Norvig, Peter (2003), Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (2nd ed.), Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-790395-2 Howe, J. (November 1994). "Artificial Intelligence at Edinburgh University : a Perspective". Archived from the original on 17 August 2007. Retrieved 30 August 2007. Lighthill, Professor Sir James (1973). "Artificial Intelligence: A General Survey". Artificial Intelligence: a paper symposium. Science Research Council.
Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 25 Russell, Stuart J.; Norvig, Peter (2003), Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (2nd ed.), Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-790395-2

bizjournals.com

Robotics firms find fundraising struggle, with venture capital shy. By Patty Tascarella. Pittsburgh Business Times (11 August 2006) Archived 26 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine

cnbc.com

Goswami (2023). Goswami, Rohan (5 April 2023). "Here's where the A.I. jobs are". CNBC. Archived from the original on 19 June 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2023.

cnn.com

AI set to exceed human brain power CNN.com (26 July 2006) Archived 3 November 2006 at the Wayback Machine

computer.org

Avoiding another AI Winter, James Hendler, IEEE Intelligent Systems (March/April 2008 (Vol. 23, No. 2) pp. 2–4

doi.org

Nation, I. (2006). "How Large a Vocabulary is Needed For Reading and Listening?". The Canadian Modern Language Review. 63 (1): 59–82. doi:10.3138/cmlr.63.1.59.
Reddy, Raj (April 1976). "Speech recognition by machine: a review". Proceedings of the IEEE. 64 (4): 501–531. doi:10.1109/PROC.1976.10158.

dreamsongs.com

Brooks, Rodney. "Design of an Optimizing, Dynamically Retargetable Compiler for Common LISP" (PDF). Lucid, Inc. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 August 2013.

economist.com

Alex Castro in Are you talking to me? The Economist Technology Quarterly (7 June 2007) Archived 13 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine

ed.ac.uk

dai.ed.ac.uk

Different sources use different dates for the AI winter. Consider: (1) Howe 1994: "Lighthill's [1973] report provoked a massive loss of confidence in AI by the academic establishment in the UK (and to a lesser extent in the US). It persisted for a decade ― the so-called '"AI Winter'", (2) Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 24: "Overall, the AI industry boomed from a few million dollars in 1980 to billions of dollars in 1988. Soon after that came a period called the 'AI Winter'" Howe, J. (November 1994). "Artificial Intelligence at Edinburgh University : a Perspective". Archived from the original on 17 August 2007. Retrieved 30 August 2007. Russell, Stuart J.; Norvig, Peter (2003), Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (2nd ed.), Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-790395-2
Crevier 1993, p. 117, Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 22, Howe 1994 and see also Lighthill 1973 Crevier, Daniel (1993). AI: The Tumultuous Search for Artificial Intelligence. New York, NY: BasicBooks. ISBN 0-465-02997-3. Russell, Stuart J.; Norvig, Peter (2003), Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (2nd ed.), Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-790395-2 Howe, J. (November 1994). "Artificial Intelligence at Edinburgh University : a Perspective". Archived from the original on 17 August 2007. Retrieved 30 August 2007. Lighthill, Professor Sir James (1973). "Artificial Intelligence: A General Survey". Artificial Intelligence: a paper symposium. Science Research Council.

media.aiai.ed.ac.uk

"BBC Controversy Lighthill debate 1973". BBC "Controversy" debates series. ARTIFICIAL_INTELLIGENCE-APPLICATIONS¯INSTITUTE. 1973. Retrieved 13 August 2010.

figshare.com

Nation, I. (2006). "How Large a Vocabulary is Needed For Reading and Listening?". The Canadian Modern Language Review. 63 (1): 59–82. doi:10.3138/cmlr.63.1.59.

go.com

abcnews.go.com

"OpenAI CEO Sam Altman says AI will reshape society, acknowledges risks: 'A little bit scared of this'". ABC News.

hutchinsweb.me.uk

John Hutchins 2005 The history of machine translation in a nutshell. Archived 13 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine
Hutchins, John. (1995). "The whisky was invisible", or Persistent myths of MT Archived 4 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine

ieee.org

ieeexplore.ieee.org

Reddy, Raj (April 1976). "Speech recognition by machine: a review". Proceedings of the IEEE. 64 (4): 501–531. doi:10.1109/PROC.1976.10158.

nytimes.com

Markoff, John (14 October 2005). "Behind Artificial Intelligence, a Squadron of Bright Real People". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 July 2007.

sfchronicle.com

DiFeliciantonio (2023). DiFeliciantonio, Chase (3 April 2023). "AI has already changed the world. This report shows how". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on 19 June 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2023.

stanford.edu

www-formal.stanford.edu

McCarthy, John (1993). "Review of the Lighthill Report". Archived from the original on 30 September 2008. Retrieved 10 September 2008.

theguardian.com

Milmo, Dan (2 February 2023). "ChatGPT reaches 100 million users two months after launch". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 30 October 2023.

turingpost.com

"The Era of Mechanical Translation and How It Crashed (History of LLMs #1)". Turing Post. 16 June 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
"The Story of AI Winters and What it Teaches Us Today (History of LLMs. Bonus)". Turing Post. 30 June 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.

ul.pt

repositorio.ul.pt

Warren Weaver (1949). "Translation". In William N. Locke; A. Donald Booth (eds.). Machine translation of languages: fourteen essays (PDF). Cambridge, MA; New York: Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; John Wiley & Sons. pp. 15–23. ISBN 9780262120029.

unesco.org

unesdoc.unesco.org

UNESCO (2021). UNESCO Science Report: the Race Against Time for Smarter Development. Paris: UNESCO. 2021. ISBN 978-92-3-100450-6. Archived from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 18 September 2021.

web.archive.org

AI Expert Newsletter: W is for Winter Archived 9 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine
Different sources use different dates for the AI winter. Consider: (1) Howe 1994: "Lighthill's [1973] report provoked a massive loss of confidence in AI by the academic establishment in the UK (and to a lesser extent in the US). It persisted for a decade ― the so-called '"AI Winter'", (2) Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 24: "Overall, the AI industry boomed from a few million dollars in 1980 to billions of dollars in 1988. Soon after that came a period called the 'AI Winter'" Howe, J. (November 1994). "Artificial Intelligence at Edinburgh University : a Perspective". Archived from the original on 17 August 2007. Retrieved 30 August 2007. Russell, Stuart J.; Norvig, Peter (2003), Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (2nd ed.), Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-790395-2
John Hutchins 2005 The history of machine translation in a nutshell. Archived 13 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine
Hutchins, John. (1995). "The whisky was invisible", or Persistent myths of MT Archived 4 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine
Crevier 1993, p. 117, Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 22, Howe 1994 and see also Lighthill 1973 Crevier, Daniel (1993). AI: The Tumultuous Search for Artificial Intelligence. New York, NY: BasicBooks. ISBN 0-465-02997-3. Russell, Stuart J.; Norvig, Peter (2003), Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (2nd ed.), Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-790395-2 Howe, J. (November 1994). "Artificial Intelligence at Edinburgh University : a Perspective". Archived from the original on 17 August 2007. Retrieved 30 August 2007. Lighthill, Professor Sir James (1973). "Artificial Intelligence: A General Survey". Artificial Intelligence: a paper symposium. Science Research Council.
McCarthy, John (1993). "Review of the Lighthill Report". Archived from the original on 30 September 2008. Retrieved 10 September 2008.
NRC 1999, under "Shift to Applied Research Increases Investment" (only the sections before 1980 apply to the current discussion). NRC (1999). "Developments in Artificial Intelligence". Funding a Revolution: Government Support for Computing Research. National Academy Press. Archived from the original on 12 January 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2007.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
NRC 1999 NRC (1999). "Developments in Artificial Intelligence". Funding a Revolution: Government Support for Computing Research. National Academy Press. Archived from the original on 12 January 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2007.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
Crevier 1993, pp. 115–116 (on whom this account is based). Other views include McCorduck 2004, pp. 306–313 and NRC 1999 under "Success in Speech Recognition". Crevier, Daniel (1993). AI: The Tumultuous Search for Artificial Intelligence. New York, NY: BasicBooks. ISBN 0-465-02997-3. McCorduck, Pamela (2004), Machines Who Think (2nd ed.), Natick, Massachusetts: A. K. Peters, ISBN 1-5688-1205-1 NRC (1999). "Developments in Artificial Intelligence". Funding a Revolution: Government Support for Computing Research. National Academy Press. Archived from the original on 12 January 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2007.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
NRC 1999 under "Success in Speech Recognition". NRC (1999). "Developments in Artificial Intelligence". Funding a Revolution: Government Support for Computing Research. National Academy Press. Archived from the original on 12 January 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2007.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
Brooks, Rodney. "Design of an Optimizing, Dynamically Retargetable Compiler for Common LISP" (PDF). Lucid, Inc. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 August 2013.
Alex Castro in Are you talking to me? The Economist Technology Quarterly (7 June 2007) Archived 13 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine
Robotics firms find fundraising struggle, with venture capital shy. By Patty Tascarella. Pittsburgh Business Times (11 August 2006) Archived 26 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine
NRC 1999 under "Artificial Intelligence in the 90s" NRC (1999). "Developments in Artificial Intelligence". Funding a Revolution: Government Support for Computing Research. National Academy Press. Archived from the original on 12 January 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2007.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
AI set to exceed human brain power CNN.com (26 July 2006) Archived 3 November 2006 at the Wayback Machine
UNESCO (2021). UNESCO Science Report: the Race Against Time for Smarter Development. Paris: UNESCO. 2021. ISBN 978-92-3-100450-6. Archived from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
"Intellectual Property and Frontier Technologies". WIPO. Archived from the original on 2 April 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
DiFeliciantonio (2023). DiFeliciantonio, Chase (3 April 2023). "AI has already changed the world. This report shows how". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on 19 June 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
Goswami (2023). Goswami, Rohan (5 April 2023). "Here's where the A.I. jobs are". CNBC. Archived from the original on 19 June 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2023.

wipo.int

"Intellectual Property and Frontier Technologies". WIPO. Archived from the original on 2 April 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2022.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Christian 2020, p. 24. Christian, Brian (2020). The Alignment Problem: Machine learning and human values. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-86833-3. OCLC 1233266753.
Milmo, Dan (2 February 2023). "ChatGPT reaches 100 million users two months after launch". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 30 October 2023.

zdnet.com

"What is ChatGPT and why does it matter? Here's what you need to know". ZDNet.