ALGOL (English Wikipedia)

"History of ALGOL — Software Preservation Group". softwarepreservation.computerhistory.org. Retrieved 8 February 2026.
Bemer, Bob. "A Politico-Social History of Algol" (PDF). Computer History Museum. Retrieved 8 February 2026.

computerhistory.org

Computer Museum History Archived 20 August 2010 at the Wayback Machine, Historical Zuse-Computer Z23, restored by the Konrad Zuse Schule in Hünfeld, for the Computer Museum History Center in Mountain View (California) US

cwi.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

homepages.cwi.nl

"GOST 10859 standard". Archived from the original on 16 June 2007. Retrieved 5 June 2007.

oai.cwi.nl

Kruseman Aretz, F.E.J. (30 June 2003). "The Dijkstra-Zonneveld ALGOL 60 Compiler for the Electrologica X1". Software Engineering (PDF). History of Computer Science. Amsterdam: Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016.

dijkstrascry.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Daylight, E. G. (2011). "Dijkstra's Rallying Cry for Generalization: the Advent of the Recursive Procedure, late 1950s – early 1960s". The Computer Journal. 54 (11): 1756–1772. doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxr002. Archived from the original on 12 March 2013.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Backus, John Warner; Bauer, Friedrich Ludwig; Green, Julien; Katz, Charles; McCarthy, John; Naur, Peter; Perlis, Alan Jay; Rutishauser, Heinz; Samelson, Klaus; Vauquois, Bernard; Wegstein, Joseph Henry; van Wijngaarden, Adriaan; Woodger, Michael (May 1960). Naur, Peter (ed.). "Report on the Algorithmic Language ALGOL 60". Communications of the ACM. 3 (5). Copenhagen, Denmark: 299–314. doi:10.1145/367236.367262. ISSN 0001-0782. S2CID 278290.
Knuth, Donald E. (1964). "Backus Normal Form vs Backus Naur Form". Communications of the ACM. 7 (12): 735–736. doi:10.1145/355588.365140. S2CID 47537431.
Perlis, Alan J (1978). "The American side of the development of ALGOL". History of programming languages. pp. 75–91. doi:10.1145/800025.1198352. ISBN 0-12-745040-8 – via dl.acm.org.
Daylight, E. G. (2011). "Dijkstra's Rallying Cry for Generalization: the Advent of the Recursive Procedure, late 1950s – early 1960s". The Computer Journal. 54 (11): 1756–1772. doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxr002. Archived from the original on 12 March 2013.
Hoare, Antony (1980). "The Emperor's Old Clothes". Communications of the ACM. 24 (2): 75–83. doi:10.1145/358549.358561.
Mounier-Kuhn, Pierre (2014). "Algol in France: From Universal Project to Embedded Culture". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 36 (4): 6–25. Bibcode:2014IAHC...36d...6M. doi:10.1109/MAHC.2014.50. ISSN 1058-6180. S2CID 16684090.
Wippermann, Hans-Wilm (1968) [1967-06-15, 1966]. "Definition von Schrankenzahlen in Triplex-ALGOL". Computing (in German). 3 (2). Karlsruhe, Germany: Springer: 99–109. doi:10.1007/BF02277452. ISSN 0010-485X. S2CID 36685400.

fileformat.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

iron/runic cross

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

"An ALGOL 60 Translator for the X1" (PDF). 1961. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2021.

gnu.org (Global: 1,901^st place; English: 1,743^rd place)

"Hello - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation". www.gnu.org. Archived from the original on 2 July 2026. Retrieved 8 July 2026.

hopl.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

"GOGOL – PDP-1 Algol 60 (Computer Language)". Online Historical Encyclopaedia of Programming Languages. Archived from the original on 2 February 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2018.

icl1900.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"ICL 1900 series: Algol Language". ICL Technical Publication 3340. 1965.

mailcom.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Decimal Exponent Symbol

masswerk.at (Global: low place; English: low place)

The name of this language family is sometimes given in mixed case (Algol 60 Archived 25 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine), and sometimes in all uppercase (ALGOL68 Archived 13 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine). For simplicity this article uses ALGOL.
"Revised Report on the Algorithmic Language Algol 60". 1963. Archived from the original on 25 June 2007. Retrieved 8 June 2007.

mit.edu (Global: 476^th place; English: 340^th place)

groups.csail.mit.edu

Dybvig, R. K.; et al. Rees, Jonathan; Clinger, William; Abelson, Hal (eds.). "Revised(3) Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme, (Dedicated to the Memory of ALGOL 60)". Archived from the original on 14 January 2010. Retrieved 20 October 2009.

murdoch.edu.au (Global: 9,576^th place; English: 6,089^th place)

hopl.murdoch.edu.au

"The Encyclopedia of Computer Languages". Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 20 January 2012.

qmul.ac.uk (Global: 2,246^th place; English: 3,626^th place)

eecs.qmul.ac.uk

O'Hearn, P. W.; Tennent, R. D. (September 1996). "Algol-like languages, Introduction". Archived from the original on 14 November 2011.

ru.nl (Global: 7,619^th place; English: 6,271^st place)

cs.ru.nl

The name of this language family is sometimes given in mixed case (Algol 60 Archived 25 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine), and sometimes in all uppercase (ALGOL68 Archived 13 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine). For simplicity this article uses ALGOL.
"Revised Report on the Algorithmic Language ALGOL 68" (PDF). 1973. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 September 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2014.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Backus, John Warner; Bauer, Friedrich Ludwig; Green, Julien; Katz, Charles; McCarthy, John; Naur, Peter; Perlis, Alan Jay; Rutishauser, Heinz; Samelson, Klaus; Vauquois, Bernard; Wegstein, Joseph Henry; van Wijngaarden, Adriaan; Woodger, Michael (May 1960). Naur, Peter (ed.). "Report on the Algorithmic Language ALGOL 60". Communications of the ACM. 3 (5). Copenhagen, Denmark: 299–314. doi:10.1145/367236.367262. ISSN 0001-0782. S2CID 278290.
Knuth, Donald E. (1964). "Backus Normal Form vs Backus Naur Form". Communications of the ACM. 7 (12): 735–736. doi:10.1145/355588.365140. S2CID 47537431.
Mounier-Kuhn, Pierre (2014). "Algol in France: From Universal Project to Embedded Culture". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 36 (4): 6–25. Bibcode:2014IAHC...36d...6M. doi:10.1109/MAHC.2014.50. ISSN 1058-6180. S2CID 16684090.
Wippermann, Hans-Wilm (1968) [1967-06-15, 1966]. "Definition von Schrankenzahlen in Triplex-ALGOL". Computing (in German). 3 (2). Karlsruhe, Germany: Springer: 99–109. doi:10.1007/BF02277452. ISSN 0010-485X. S2CID 36685400.

temple.edu (Global: 8,393^rd place; English: 4,736^th place)

Koffman, Eliot. "All I Really Need to Know I Learned in CS1" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2012.

umich.edu (Global: 429^th place; English: 307^th place)

groups.engin.umd.umich.edu

"The ALGOL Programming Language" Archived 6 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine, University of Michigan-Dearborn

eecs.umich.edu

"Hints on Programming Language Design" Archived 15 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine, C.A.R. Hoare, December 1973. Page 27. (This statement is sometimes erroneously attributed to Edsger W. Dijkstra, also involved in implementing the first ALGOL 60 compiler.)

unicode.org (Global: 691^st place; English: 581^st place)

Broukhis, Leonid (22 January 2008). "Revised proposal to encode the decimal exponent symbol" (PDF). www.unicode.org. ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 July 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2016. This means that the need to transcode GOST-based software and documentation can still arise: legacy numerical algorithms (some of which may be of interest, e.g. for the automatic landing of the Buran shuttle ...) optimized for the non-IEEE floating point representation of BESM-6 cannot be simply recompiled and be expected to work reliably, and some human intervention may be necessary.

utexas.edu (Global: 868^th place; English: 634^th place)

cs.utexas.edu

"An ALGOL 60 Translator for the X1" (PDF). 1961. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2021.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

The name of this language family is sometimes given in mixed case (Algol 60 Archived 25 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine), and sometimes in all uppercase (ALGOL68 Archived 13 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine). For simplicity this article uses ALGOL.
O'Hearn, P. W.; Tennent, R. D. (September 1996). "Algol-like languages, Introduction". Archived from the original on 14 November 2011.
"The ALGOL Programming Language" Archived 6 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine, University of Michigan-Dearborn
"Revised Report on the Algorithmic Language Algol 60". 1963. Archived from the original on 25 June 2007. Retrieved 8 June 2007.
"Revised Report on the Algorithmic Language ALGOL 68" (PDF). 1973. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 September 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
"Hints on Programming Language Design" Archived 15 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine, C.A.R. Hoare, December 1973. Page 27. (This statement is sometimes erroneously attributed to Edsger W. Dijkstra, also involved in implementing the first ALGOL 60 compiler.)
Dybvig, R. K.; et al. Rees, Jonathan; Clinger, William; Abelson, Hal (eds.). "Revised(3) Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme, (Dedicated to the Memory of ALGOL 60)". Archived from the original on 14 January 2010. Retrieved 20 October 2009.
"803 ALGOL" Archived 29 May 2010 at the Wayback Machine, the manual for Elliott 803 ALGOL
"Hello - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation". www.gnu.org. Archived from the original on 2 July 2026. Retrieved 8 July 2026.
How ASCII Got Its Backslash Archived 11 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Bob Bemer
"GOST 10859 standard". Archived from the original on 16 June 2007. Retrieved 5 June 2007.
Broukhis, Leonid (22 January 2008). "Revised proposal to encode the decimal exponent symbol" (PDF). www.unicode.org. ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 July 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2016. This means that the need to transcode GOST-based software and documentation can still arise: legacy numerical algorithms (some of which may be of interest, e.g. for the automatic landing of the Buran shuttle ...) optimized for the non-IEEE floating point representation of BESM-6 cannot be simply recompiled and be expected to work reliably, and some human intervention may be necessary.
"The Encyclopedia of Computer Languages". Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
Computer Museum History Archived 20 August 2010 at the Wayback Machine, Historical Zuse-Computer Z23, restored by the Konrad Zuse Schule in Hünfeld, for the Computer Museum History Center in Mountain View (California) US
Daylight, E. G. (2011). "Dijkstra's Rallying Cry for Generalization: the Advent of the Recursive Procedure, late 1950s – early 1960s". The Computer Journal. 54 (11): 1756–1772. doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxr002. Archived from the original on 12 March 2013.
Kruseman Aretz, F.E.J. (30 June 2003). "The Dijkstra-Zonneveld ALGOL 60 Compiler for the Electrologica X1". Software Engineering (PDF). History of Computer Science. Amsterdam: Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016.
Koffman, Eliot. "All I Really Need to Know I Learned in CS1" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
"GOGOL – PDP-1 Algol 60 (Computer Language)". Online Historical Encyclopaedia of Programming Languages. Archived from the original on 2 February 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2018.

wikiwix.com (Global: 103^rd place; English: 872^nd place)

archive.wikiwix.com

Collected Algorithms of the ACM Archived 17 October 2011 at Wikiwix Compressed archives of the algorithms. ACM.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Backus, John Warner; Bauer, Friedrich Ludwig; Green, Julien; Katz, Charles; McCarthy, John; Naur, Peter; Perlis, Alan Jay; Rutishauser, Heinz; Samelson, Klaus; Vauquois, Bernard; Wegstein, Joseph Henry; van Wijngaarden, Adriaan; Woodger, Michael (May 1960). Naur, Peter (ed.). "Report on the Algorithmic Language ALGOL 60". Communications of the ACM. 3 (5). Copenhagen, Denmark: 299–314. doi:10.1145/367236.367262. ISSN 0001-0782. S2CID 278290.
Mounier-Kuhn, Pierre (2014). "Algol in France: From Universal Project to Embedded Culture". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 36 (4): 6–25. Bibcode:2014IAHC...36d...6M. doi:10.1109/MAHC.2014.50. ISSN 1058-6180. S2CID 16684090.
Wippermann, Hans-Wilm (1968) [1967-06-15, 1966]. "Definition von Schrankenzahlen in Triplex-ALGOL". Computing (in German). 3 (2). Karlsruhe, Germany: Springer: 99–109. doi:10.1007/BF02277452. ISSN 0010-485X. S2CID 36685400.

ALGOL (English Wikipedia)

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