Frye, R. N.; Fisher, William Bayne; Frye, Richard Nelson; Avery, Peter; Boyle, John Andrew; Gershevitch, Ilya; Jackson, Peter (1975). The Cambridge History of Iran. Cambridge University Press. ISBN9780521200936.
Cornell, Vincent J.; Kamran Scot Aghaie (2007). Voices of Islam. Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers. pp. 117 and 118. ISBN9780275987329. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
Marín-Guzmán, Roberto (1994). "The 'Abbasid Revolution in Central Asia and Khurāsān: An Analytical Study of the Role of Taxation, Conversion, and Religious Groups in Its Genesis". Islamic Studies. 33 (2/3). Islamic Research Institute, International Islamic University, Islamabad: 227–252. ISSN0578-8072. JSTOR20840168.
Marín-Guzmán, Roberto (1994). "The 'Abbasid Revolution in Central Asia and Khurāsān: An Analytical Study of the Role of Taxation, Conversion, and Religious Groups in Its Genesis". Islamic Studies. 33 (2/3). Islamic Research Institute, International Islamic University, Islamabad: 227–252. ISSN0578-8072. JSTOR20840168.