PRO. FO 195/2286. Monahan to Lowther. Jidda, 15 December 1908. "He is Mufti at Mecca of the Hanafi sect, as his father was before him. His family is of Indian origin but has been residing in Mecca for more than 200 years. His father died in exile in Egypt about 12 years ago, having incurred the displeasure of Grand Sharif Aun ar-Rafik, which would be a fact in his favor, and he himself (he is now about 35) was living in Constantinople in fear of the Grand Sharif for more than ten years until he returned two years ago to Mecca. He appears to have a good reputation, intellectually, and morally, and knows Turkish well…" Quoted in Kayalı, Hasan (1997). "A Case Study in Centralization: The Hijaz under Young Turk Rule, 1908–1914". Arabs and Young Turks: Ottomanism, Arabism, and Islamism in the Ottoman Empire, 1908–1918. Berkeley: University of California Press.
