Absolute zero (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Absolute zero" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

10web.archive.org

1^st place

5doi.org

2^nd place

4books.google.com

3^rd place

4worldcat.org

5^th place

4semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

3harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

3nasa.gov

75^th place

83^rd place

2biodiversitylibrary.org

387^th place

373^rd place

2hut.fi

low place

1bipm.org

641^st place

955^th place

1smithsonianmag.com

503^rd place

364^th place

1wikisource.org

27^th place

51^st place

1lemoyne.edu

6,850^th place

8,237^th place

1youtube.com

9^th place

13^th place

1scienceclarified.com

low place

1nobelprize.org

301^st place

478^th place

1ncku.edu.tw

low place

1abc.net.au

139^th place

108^th place

1straightdope.com

2,317^th place

1,763^rd place

1ipmu.jp

low place

1cosmosmagazine.com

low place

1handle.net

102^nd place

76^th place

1esf.org

low place

1ucla.edu

782^nd place

585^th place

1ghostarchive.org

32^nd place

21^st place

1livescience.com

1,190^th place

959^th place

1interactions.org

low place

1mit.edu

415^th place

327^th place

1science.org

1,160^th place

737^th place

1aps.org

1,503^rd place

1,378^th place

1nih.gov

4^th place

abc.net.au

Kruszelnicki, Karl S. (25 September 2003). "Coldest Place in the Universe 1". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 24 September 2012.

aps.org

link.aps.org

Deppner, Christian; Herr, Waldemar; Cornelius, Merle; Stromberger, Peter; Sternke, Tammo; Grzeschik, Christoph; Grote, Alexander; Rudolph, Jan; Herrmann, Sven; Krutzik, Markus; Wenzlawski, André (30 August 2021). "Collective-Mode Enhanced Matter-Wave Optics". Physical Review Letters. 127 (10): 100401. Bibcode:2021PhRvL.127j0401D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.100401. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 34533345. S2CID 237396804.

biodiversitylibrary.org

Amontons (18 April 1703). "Le thermomètre rèduit à une mesure fixe & certaine, & le moyen d'y rapporter les observations faites avec les anciens Thermométres" [The thermometer reduced to a fixed & certain measurement, & the means of relating to it observations made with old thermometers]. Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences, avec les Mémoires de Mathématique et de Physique pour la même Année (in French): 50–56. Amontons described the relation between his new thermometer (which was based on the expansion and contraction of alcohol (esprit de vin)) and the old thermometer (which was based on air). From p. 52: " […] d'où il paroît que l'extrême froid de ce Thermométre seroit celui qui réduiroit l'air à ne soutenir aucune charge par son ressort, […] " ([…] whence it appears that the extreme cold of this [air] thermometer would be that which would reduce the air to supporting no load by its spring, […]) In other words, the lowest temperature which can be measured by a thermometer which is based on the expansion and contraction of air is that temperature at which the air's pressure ("spring") has decreased to zero.
Thomson, William (1848). "On an Absolute Thermometric Scale founded on Carnot's Theory of the Motive Power of Heat, and calculated from Regnault's observations". Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 1: 66–71.

bipm.org

"SI Brochure: The International System of Units (SI) – 9th edition (updated in 2022)". BIPM. p. 133. Retrieved 7 September 2022. [...], it remains common practice to express a thermodynamic temperature, symbol T, in terms of its difference from the reference temperature T₀ = 273.15 K, close to the ice point. This difference is called the Celsius temperature.

books.google.com

Arora, C. P. (2001). Thermodynamics. Tata McGraw-Hill. Table 2.4 page 43. ISBN 978-0-07-462014-4.
Stanford, John Frederick (1892). The Stanford Dictionary of Anglicised Words and Phrases.
Martine, George (1740). "Essay VI: The various degrees of heat in bodies". Essays Medical and Philosophical. London, England, UK: A. Millar. p. 291.
J. Dalton (1802), "Essay II. On the force of steam or vapour from water and various other liquids, both in vacuum and in air" and Essay IV. "On the expansion of elastic fluids by heat" , Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester, vol. 8, pt. 2, pp. 550–574, 595–602.

cosmosmagazine.com

Catchpole, Heather (4 September 2008). "Cosmos Online – Verging on absolute zero". Archived from the original on 22 November 2008.

doi.org

Talbot, G. R.; Pacey, A. C. (1972). "Antecedents of thermodynamics in the work of Guillaume Amontons". Centaurus. 16 (1): 20–40. Bibcode:1972Cent...16...20T. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0498.1972.tb00163.x.
John, Anslyn J. (25 August 2021). "The building blocks of the universe". HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies. 77 (3). doi:10.4102/hts.v77i3.6831. S2CID 238730757.
Zu, H.; Dai, W.; de Waele, A. T. A. M. (2022). "Development of Dilution refrigerators – A review". Cryogenics. 121. doi:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2021.103390. ISSN 0011-2275. S2CID 244005391.
Sahai, Raghvendra; Nyman, Lars-Åke (1997). "The Boomerang Nebula: The Coldest Region of the Universe?". The Astrophysical Journal. 487 (2): L155 – L159. Bibcode:1997ApJ...487L.155S. doi:10.1086/310897. hdl:2014/22450. S2CID 121465475.
Deppner, Christian; Herr, Waldemar; Cornelius, Merle; Stromberger, Peter; Sternke, Tammo; Grzeschik, Christoph; Grote, Alexander; Rudolph, Jan; Herrmann, Sven; Krutzik, Markus; Wenzlawski, André (30 August 2021). "Collective-Mode Enhanced Matter-Wave Optics". Physical Review Letters. 127 (10): 100401. Bibcode:2021PhRvL.127j0401D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.100401. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 34533345. S2CID 237396804.

esf.org

"Scientific Perspectives for ESA's Future Programme in Life and Physical sciences in Space" (PDF). esf.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 28 March 2014.

ghostarchive.org

"Atomic Quantum Sensors in Space" (PDF). University of California, Los Angeles. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Sahai, Raghvendra; Nyman, Lars-Åke (1997). "The Boomerang Nebula: The Coldest Region of the Universe?". The Astrophysical Journal. 487 (2): L155 – L159. Bibcode:1997ApJ...487L.155S. doi:10.1086/310897. hdl:2014/22450. S2CID 121465475.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Talbot, G. R.; Pacey, A. C. (1972). "Antecedents of thermodynamics in the work of Guillaume Amontons". Centaurus. 16 (1): 20–40. Bibcode:1972Cent...16...20T. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0498.1972.tb00163.x.
Sahai, Raghvendra; Nyman, Lars-Åke (1997). "The Boomerang Nebula: The Coldest Region of the Universe?". The Astrophysical Journal. 487 (2): L155 – L159. Bibcode:1997ApJ...487L.155S. doi:10.1086/310897. hdl:2014/22450. S2CID 121465475.
Deppner, Christian; Herr, Waldemar; Cornelius, Merle; Stromberger, Peter; Sternke, Tammo; Grzeschik, Christoph; Grote, Alexander; Rudolph, Jan; Herrmann, Sven; Krutzik, Markus; Wenzlawski, André (30 August 2021). "Collective-Mode Enhanced Matter-Wave Optics". Physical Review Letters. 127 (10): 100401. Bibcode:2021PhRvL.127j0401D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.100401. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 34533345. S2CID 237396804.

hut.fi

Knuuttila, Tauno (2000). Nuclear Magnetism and Superconductivity in Rhodium. Espoo, Finland: Helsinki University of Technology. ISBN 978-951-22-5208-4. Archived from the original on 28 April 2001. Retrieved 11 February 2008.

ltl.hut.fi

"Low Temperature World Record" (Press release). Low Temperature Laboratory, Teknillinen Korkeakoulu. 8 December 2000. Archived from the original on 18 February 2008. Retrieved 11 February 2008.

interactions.org

"CUORE: The Coldest Heart in the Known Universe". INFN Press Release. Retrieved 21 October 2014.

ipmu.jp

"History of temperature changes in the Universe revealed—First measurement using the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect". Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe. 10 November 2020.

lemoyne.edu

web.lemoyne.edu

Gay-Lussac, J. L. (1802), "Recherches sur la dilatation des gaz et des vapeurs", Annales de Chimie, vol. XLIII, p. 137. English translation (extract).

livescience.com

"Atoms Reach Record Temperature, Colder than Absolute Zero". livescience.com. 3 January 2013.

mit.edu

newsoffice.mit.edu

"MIT team creates ultracold molecules". Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts, Cambridge. Archived from the original on 18 August 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.

nasa.gov

science.nasa.gov

"Mysterious Sedna | Science Mission Directorate". science.nasa.gov. Retrieved 25 November 2022.

coldatomlab.jpl.nasa.gov

"Cold Atom Laboratory Mission". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA. 2017. Archived from the original on 29 March 2013. Retrieved 22 December 2016.

nasa.gov

"Cold Atom Laboratory Creates Atomic Dance". NASA News. 26 September 2014. Archived from the original on 8 July 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2015.

ncku.edu.tw

phys.ncku.edu.tw

Chase, Scott. "Below Absolute Zero -What Does Negative Temperature Mean?". The Physics and Relativity FAQ. Archived from the original on 15 August 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2010.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Deppner, Christian; Herr, Waldemar; Cornelius, Merle; Stromberger, Peter; Sternke, Tammo; Grzeschik, Christoph; Grote, Alexander; Rudolph, Jan; Herrmann, Sven; Krutzik, Markus; Wenzlawski, André (30 August 2021). "Collective-Mode Enhanced Matter-Wave Optics". Physical Review Letters. 127 (10): 100401. Bibcode:2021PhRvL.127j0401D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.100401. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 34533345. S2CID 237396804.

nobelprize.org

"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1913: Heike Kamerlingh Onnes". Nobel Media AB. Retrieved 24 April 2012.

science.org

"Coolest science ever headed to the space station". Science | AAAS. 5 September 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2017.

scienceclarified.com

Cryogenics. Scienceclarified.com. Retrieved on 22 July 2012.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

John, Anslyn J. (25 August 2021). "The building blocks of the universe". HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies. 77 (3). doi:10.4102/hts.v77i3.6831. S2CID 238730757.
Zu, H.; Dai, W.; de Waele, A. T. A. M. (2022). "Development of Dilution refrigerators – A review". Cryogenics. 121. doi:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2021.103390. ISSN 0011-2275. S2CID 244005391.
Sahai, Raghvendra; Nyman, Lars-Åke (1997). "The Boomerang Nebula: The Coldest Region of the Universe?". The Astrophysical Journal. 487 (2): L155 – L159. Bibcode:1997ApJ...487L.155S. doi:10.1086/310897. hdl:2014/22450. S2CID 121465475.
Deppner, Christian; Herr, Waldemar; Cornelius, Merle; Stromberger, Peter; Sternke, Tammo; Grzeschik, Christoph; Grote, Alexander; Rudolph, Jan; Herrmann, Sven; Krutzik, Markus; Wenzlawski, André (30 August 2021). "Collective-Mode Enhanced Matter-Wave Optics". Physical Review Letters. 127 (10): 100401. Bibcode:2021PhRvL.127j0401D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.100401. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 34533345. S2CID 237396804.

smithsonianmag.com

Zielinski, Sarah (1 January 2008). "Absolute Zero". Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on 1 April 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2012.

straightdope.com

"What's the temperature of space?". The Straight Dope. 3 August 2004. Retrieved 24 September 2012.

ucla.edu

physics.ucla.edu

"Atomic Quantum Sensors in Space" (PDF). University of California, Los Angeles. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.

web.archive.org

Zielinski, Sarah (1 January 2008). "Absolute Zero". Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on 1 April 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
"ABSOLUTE ZERO – PBS NOVA DOCUMENTARY (full length)". YouTube. Archived from the original on 6 April 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
Chase, Scott. "Below Absolute Zero -What Does Negative Temperature Mean?". The Physics and Relativity FAQ. Archived from the original on 15 August 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2010.
Catchpole, Heather (4 September 2008). "Cosmos Online – Verging on absolute zero". Archived from the original on 22 November 2008.
Knuuttila, Tauno (2000). Nuclear Magnetism and Superconductivity in Rhodium. Espoo, Finland: Helsinki University of Technology. ISBN 978-951-22-5208-4. Archived from the original on 28 April 2001. Retrieved 11 February 2008.
"Low Temperature World Record" (Press release). Low Temperature Laboratory, Teknillinen Korkeakoulu. 8 December 2000. Archived from the original on 18 February 2008. Retrieved 11 February 2008.
"Scientific Perspectives for ESA's Future Programme in Life and Physical sciences in Space" (PDF). esf.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
"MIT team creates ultracold molecules". Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts, Cambridge. Archived from the original on 18 August 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
"Cold Atom Laboratory Mission". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA. 2017. Archived from the original on 29 March 2013. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
"Cold Atom Laboratory Creates Atomic Dance". NASA News. 26 September 2014. Archived from the original on 8 July 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2015.

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cold" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Lambert, Johann Heinrich (1779). Pyrometrie. Berlin, Germany. OCLC 165756016.
Newcomb, Simon (1906), A Compendium of Spherical Astronomy, New York: The Macmillan Company, p. 175, OCLC 64423127.
Zu, H.; Dai, W.; de Waele, A. T. A. M. (2022). "Development of Dilution refrigerators – A review". Cryogenics. 121. doi:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2021.103390. ISSN 0011-2275. S2CID 244005391.
Deppner, Christian; Herr, Waldemar; Cornelius, Merle; Stromberger, Peter; Sternke, Tammo; Grzeschik, Christoph; Grote, Alexander; Rudolph, Jan; Herrmann, Sven; Krutzik, Markus; Wenzlawski, André (30 August 2021). "Collective-Mode Enhanced Matter-Wave Optics". Physical Review Letters. 127 (10): 100401. Bibcode:2021PhRvL.127j0401D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.100401. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 34533345. S2CID 237396804.

youtube.com

"ABSOLUTE ZERO – PBS NOVA DOCUMENTARY (full length)". YouTube. Archived from the original on 6 April 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2016.