Absolute zero (English Wikipedia)

Deppner, Christian; Herr, Waldemar; Cornelius, Merle; Stromberger, Peter; Sternke, Tammo; Grzeschik, Christoph; Grote, Alexander; Rudolph, Jan; Herrmann, Sven; Krutzik, Markus; Wenzlawski, André (30 August 2021). "Collective-Mode Enhanced Matter-Wave Optics". Physical Review Letters. 127 (10) 100401. Bibcode:2021PhRvL.127j0401D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.100401. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 34533345. S2CID 237396804.

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

Kim, Hyeong-Chan (30 July 2024). "Temperature upper bound of an ideal gas". Heliyon. 10 (14) e34249. arXiv:2311.06994. Bibcode:2024Heliy..1034249K. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34249. ISSN 2405-8440. PMID 39113977.

biodiversitylibrary.org (Global: 168^th place; English: 136^th place)

Amontons (18 April 1703). "Le thermomètre rèduit à une mesure fixe & certaine, & le moyen d'y rapporter les observations faites avec les anciens Thermométres" [The thermometer reduced to a fixed & certain measurement, & the means of relating to it observations made with old thermometers]. Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences, avec les Mémoires de Mathématique et de Physique pour la même Année (in French): 50–56. Amontons described the relation between his new thermometer (which was based on the expansion and contraction of alcohol (esprit de vin)) and the old thermometer (which was based on air). From p. 52: " […] d'où il paroît que l'extrême froid de ce Thermométre seroit celui qui réduiroit l'air à ne soutenir aucune charge par son ressort, […] " ([…] whence it appears that the extreme cold of this [air] thermometer would be that which would reduce the air to supporting no load by its spring, […]) In other words, the lowest temperature which can be measured by a thermometer which is based on the expansion and contraction of air is that temperature at which the air's pressure ("spring") has decreased to zero.
Thomson, William (1848). "On an Absolute Thermometric Scale founded on Carnot's Theory of the Motive Power of Heat, and calculated from Regnault's observations". Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 1: 66–71.

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"SI Brochure: The International System of Units (SI) – 9th edition (updated in 2022in". BIPM. p. 133. Retrieved 7 September 2022. [...], it remains common practice to express a thermodynamic temperature, symbol T, in terms of its difference from the reference temperature T₀ = 273.15 K, close to the ice point. This difference is called the Celsius temperature.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

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Martine, George (1740). "Essay VI: The various degrees of heat in bodies". Essays Medical and Philosophical. London, England, UK: A. Millar. p. 291.
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britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

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Catchpole, Heather (4 September 2008). "Cosmos Online – Verging on absolute zero". Archived from the original on 22 November 2008.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Deppner, Christian; Herr, Waldemar; Cornelius, Merle; Stromberger, Peter; Sternke, Tammo; Grzeschik, Christoph; Grote, Alexander; Rudolph, Jan; Herrmann, Sven; Krutzik, Markus; Wenzlawski, André (30 August 2021). "Collective-Mode Enhanced Matter-Wave Optics". Physical Review Letters. 127 (10) 100401. Bibcode:2021PhRvL.127j0401D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.100401. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 34533345. S2CID 237396804.
Kim, Hyeong-Chan (30 July 2024). "Temperature upper bound of an ideal gas". Heliyon. 10 (14) e34249. arXiv:2311.06994. Bibcode:2024Heliy..1034249K. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34249. ISSN 2405-8440. PMID 39113977.
Talbot, G. R.; Pacey, A. C. (1972). "Antecedents of thermodynamics in the work of Guillaume Amontons". Centaurus. 16 (1): 20–40. Bibcode:1972Cent...16...20T. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0498.1972.tb00163.x.
Kinoshita, M.; Oishi, J. (July 1937). "Expansion and pressure coefficients of nitrogen, hydrogen, helium, and neon, and the absolute temperature of 0° C". The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 24 (159): 52–62. doi:10.1080/14786443708561889.
John, Anslyn J. (25 August 2021). "The building blocks of the universe". HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies. 77 (3). doi:10.4102/hts.v77i3.6831. S2CID 238730757.
Zu, H.; Dai, W.; de Waele, A. T. A. M. (2022). "Development of Dilution refrigerators – A review". Cryogenics. 121. doi:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2021.103390. ISSN 0011-2275. S2CID 244005391.
Sahai, Raghvendra; Nyman, Lars-Åke (1997). "The Boomerang Nebula: The Coldest Region of the Universe?". The Astrophysical Journal. 487 (2): L155–L159. Bibcode:1997ApJ...487L.155S. doi:10.1086/310897. hdl:2014/22450. S2CID 121465475.

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hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Sahai, Raghvendra; Nyman, Lars-Åke (1997). "The Boomerang Nebula: The Coldest Region of the Universe?". The Astrophysical Journal. 487 (2): L155–L159. Bibcode:1997ApJ...487L.155S. doi:10.1086/310897. hdl:2014/22450. S2CID 121465475.

hut.fi (Global: low place; English: low place)

hut.fi

Knuuttila, Tauno (2000). Nuclear Magnetism and Superconductivity in Rhodium. Espoo, Finland: Helsinki University of Technology. ISBN 978-951-22-5208-4. Archived from the original on 28 April 2001. Retrieved 11 February 2008.

ltl.hut.fi

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Chase, Scott. "Below Absolute Zero -What Does Negative Temperature Mean?". The Physics and Relativity FAQ. Archived from the original on 15 August 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2010.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Deppner, Christian; Herr, Waldemar; Cornelius, Merle; Stromberger, Peter; Sternke, Tammo; Grzeschik, Christoph; Grote, Alexander; Rudolph, Jan; Herrmann, Sven; Krutzik, Markus; Wenzlawski, André (30 August 2021). "Collective-Mode Enhanced Matter-Wave Optics". Physical Review Letters. 127 (10) 100401. Bibcode:2021PhRvL.127j0401D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.100401. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 34533345. S2CID 237396804.
Kim, Hyeong-Chan (30 July 2024). "Temperature upper bound of an ideal gas". Heliyon. 10 (14) e34249. arXiv:2311.06994. Bibcode:2024Heliy..1034249K. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34249. ISSN 2405-8440. PMID 39113977.

nobelprize.org (Global: 265^th place; English: 450^th place)

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semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Deppner, Christian; Herr, Waldemar; Cornelius, Merle; Stromberger, Peter; Sternke, Tammo; Grzeschik, Christoph; Grote, Alexander; Rudolph, Jan; Herrmann, Sven; Krutzik, Markus; Wenzlawski, André (30 August 2021). "Collective-Mode Enhanced Matter-Wave Optics". Physical Review Letters. 127 (10) 100401. Bibcode:2021PhRvL.127j0401D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.100401. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 34533345. S2CID 237396804.
John, Anslyn J. (25 August 2021). "The building blocks of the universe". HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies. 77 (3). doi:10.4102/hts.v77i3.6831. S2CID 238730757.
Zu, H.; Dai, W.; de Waele, A. T. A. M. (2022). "Development of Dilution refrigerators – A review". Cryogenics. 121. doi:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2021.103390. ISSN 0011-2275. S2CID 244005391.
Sahai, Raghvendra; Nyman, Lars-Åke (1997). "The Boomerang Nebula: The Coldest Region of the Universe?". The Astrophysical Journal. 487 (2): L155–L159. Bibcode:1997ApJ...487L.155S. doi:10.1086/310897. hdl:2014/22450. S2CID 121465475.

smithsonianmag.com (Global: 663^rd place; English: 431^st place)

Zielinski, Sarah (1 January 2008). "Absolute Zero". Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on 1 April 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2012.

straightdope.com (Global: 5,132^nd place; English: 4,368^th place)

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titech.ac.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

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ucla.edu (Global: 885^th place; English: 584^th place)

physics.ucla.edu

"Atomic Quantum Sensors in Space" (PDF). University of California, Los Angeles. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Zielinski, Sarah (1 January 2008). "Absolute Zero". Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on 1 April 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
"ABSOLUTE ZERO – PBS NOVA DOCUMENTARY (full length)". YouTube. Archived from the original on 6 April 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
Chase, Scott. "Below Absolute Zero -What Does Negative Temperature Mean?". The Physics and Relativity FAQ. Archived from the original on 15 August 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2010.
Catchpole, Heather (4 September 2008). "Cosmos Online – Verging on absolute zero". Archived from the original on 22 November 2008.
Knuuttila, Tauno (2000). Nuclear Magnetism and Superconductivity in Rhodium. Espoo, Finland: Helsinki University of Technology. ISBN 978-951-22-5208-4. Archived from the original on 28 April 2001. Retrieved 11 February 2008.
"Low Temperature World Record" (Press release). Low Temperature Laboratory, Teknillinen Korkeakoulu. 8 December 2000. Archived from the original on 18 February 2008. Retrieved 11 February 2008.
"Mysterious Sedna | Science Mission Directorate". science.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 16 May 2017. Retrieved 25 November 2022.
"Scientific Perspectives for ESA's Future Programme in Life and Physical sciences in Space" (PDF). esf.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
"MIT team creates ultracold molecules". Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts, Cambridge. Archived from the original on 18 August 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
"Cold Atom Laboratory Mission". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA. 2017. Archived from the original on 29 March 2013. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
"Cold Atom Laboratory Creates Atomic Dance". NASA News. 26 September 2014. Archived from the original on 8 July 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2015.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Deppner, Christian; Herr, Waldemar; Cornelius, Merle; Stromberger, Peter; Sternke, Tammo; Grzeschik, Christoph; Grote, Alexander; Rudolph, Jan; Herrmann, Sven; Krutzik, Markus; Wenzlawski, André (30 August 2021). "Collective-Mode Enhanced Matter-Wave Optics". Physical Review Letters. 127 (10) 100401. Bibcode:2021PhRvL.127j0401D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.100401. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 34533345. S2CID 237396804.
Kim, Hyeong-Chan (30 July 2024). "Temperature upper bound of an ideal gas". Heliyon. 10 (14) e34249. arXiv:2311.06994. Bibcode:2024Heliy..1034249K. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34249. ISSN 2405-8440. PMID 39113977.
Lambert, Johann Heinrich (1779). Pyrometrie. Berlin, Germany. OCLC 165756016.
Newcomb, Simon (1906), A Compendium of Spherical Astronomy, New York: The Macmillan Company, p. 175, OCLC 64423127.
Zu, H.; Dai, W.; de Waele, A. T. A. M. (2022). "Development of Dilution refrigerators – A review". Cryogenics. 121. doi:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2021.103390. ISSN 0011-2275. S2CID 244005391.

youtube.com (Global: 13^th place; English: 14^th place)

"ABSOLUTE ZERO – PBS NOVA DOCUMENTARY (full length)". YouTube. Archived from the original on 6 April 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2016.

Absolute zero (English Wikipedia)

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