Accusation in a mirror (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Accusation in a mirror" in English language version.

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  • Snyder 2017. Snyder, Timothy (26 February 2017). "The Reichstag Warning". The New York Review of Books. Archived from the original on 25 January 2023. ... the German police arrested about 17,000 Jews from Poland and deported them across the Polish border. A young man named Herschel Grynszpan, sent to Paris by his parents, received a desperate postcard from his sister after his family was forced across the Polish border. He bought a gun, went to the German embassy, and shot a German diplomat. He called this an act of revenge for the suffering of his family and his people. Nazi propagandists presented it as evidence of an international Jewish conspiracy preparing a terror campaign against the entire German people. Josef Goebbels used it as the pretext to organize the events we remember as Kristallnacht, a massive national pogrom of Jews that left hundreds dead.

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  • Paracha 2024: "In his autobiography Mein Kampf [My Struggle], published nine years before he came to power, the German Nazi leader Adolf Hitler concluded that Jews were a threat to Germany because they were working to completely demolish the country and its people. In claiming this, Hitler was formulating what is often referred to as the 'mirror argument' – when someone accuses an actual or perceived opponent of planning to commit a grave crime or atrocity against the accuser, but which the accuser himself is wishing to commit against the accused." Paracha, Nadeem F. (11 August 2024). "THE MIRROR ARGUMENT". Dawn (newspaper). Pakistan. Archived from the original on 27 July 2025.
  • Paracha 2024: "According to the American historian Alison Des Forges, who investigated the 1994 genocide of millions of Tutsi people by Hutu militias in Rwanda, a mimeographed document was found in a hut owned by a Rwandan Hutu. The document stated that the Hutu should accuse the Tutsi of planning to do what the Hutu militias were already planning." Paracha, Nadeem F. (11 August 2024). "THE MIRROR ARGUMENT". Dawn (newspaper). Pakistan. Archived from the original on 27 July 2025.
  • Paracha 2024: "Recently, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has been using mirror arguments to justify his government's violent policies against the Palestinians ... Netanyahu’s mirror arguments have nothing to do with Hamas being militantly opposed to the existence of Israel. In fact, although Hamas refuses to recognise Israel, it has accepted the 1967 borders, which implies an acceptance of Israel ... [Netanyahu] was simply strengthening a sentiment which has been rather common in Jewish settlers who have illegally taken over lands that are internationally recognised as being part of Palestine. In 2022, an Israeli soldier told the BBC, 'I grew up as a settler, so something that I heard from a very young age was that every Palestinian is a threat'... The soldier was relating a mirror argument that saw every Palestinian as planning to obliterate Israel. The purpose of this argument is to rationalise the killing of unarmed, common Palestinians. Far-right Zionists claim every Palestinian plans to eliminate the Jews. By claiming this, they are actually projecting their own desire to wipe out the Palestinians." Paracha, Nadeem F. (11 August 2024). "THE MIRROR ARGUMENT". Dawn (newspaper). Pakistan. Archived from the original on 27 July 2025.

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  • Özbek, Egemen (2018). "The Destruction of the Monument to Humanity: Historical Conflict and Monumentalization". International Public History. 1 (2) 20180011. doi:10.1515/iph-2018-0011. S2CID 166208121. ... the Iğdır Memorial and Museum of Martyred Turks Massacred by Armenians was built to support the Turkish narrative of genocide denial, arguing that it was the Armenians who massacred Turks and Muslims, not the other way around.
  • Runge, Carlisle Ford; Graham, Linnea (April 2020). "Viewpoint: Hunger as a weapon of war: Hitler's Hunger Plan, Native American resettlement and starvation in Yemen". Food Policy. 92 101835. doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2020.101835.

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  • "Hitler's Hunger Plan". Nobel Peace Center. Forced, deliberate starvation also played a role in the Holocaust. In the Jewish ghettos, the access to food was tightly controlled. It was up to the Nazis to decide who would have access to meat or bread, and the Jewish shops had a very small selection of foods.

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  • Snyder 2017. Snyder, Timothy (26 February 2017). "The Reichstag Warning". The New York Review of Books. Archived from the original on 25 January 2023. ... the German police arrested about 17,000 Jews from Poland and deported them across the Polish border. A young man named Herschel Grynszpan, sent to Paris by his parents, received a desperate postcard from his sister after his family was forced across the Polish border. He bought a gun, went to the German embassy, and shot a German diplomat. He called this an act of revenge for the suffering of his family and his people. Nazi propagandists presented it as evidence of an international Jewish conspiracy preparing a terror campaign against the entire German people. Josef Goebbels used it as the pretext to organize the events we remember as Kristallnacht, a massive national pogrom of Jews that left hundreds dead.

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  • Özbek, Egemen (2018). "The Destruction of the Monument to Humanity: Historical Conflict and Monumentalization". International Public History. 1 (2) 20180011. doi:10.1515/iph-2018-0011. S2CID 166208121. ... the Iğdır Memorial and Museum of Martyred Turks Massacred by Armenians was built to support the Turkish narrative of genocide denial, arguing that it was the Armenians who massacred Turks and Muslims, not the other way around.

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  • Benesch 2014. Benesch, Susan (12 February 2014). Countering Dangerous Speech: New Ideas For Genocide Prevention | Dangerous Speech Project (PDF). United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 26. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  • Benesch, Susan. "Working Paper: Countering Dangerous Speech: New Ideas for Genocide Prevention" (PDF). Berkman Center for Internet and Society: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 July 2025. Retrieved 28 January 2022. HALLMARKS OR TELLTALE SIGNS  • References to the target group as pests, vermin, insects, or animals, since such dehumanization tends to make killing and atrocities seem acceptable.  • Claims that members of the target group pose a mortal or existential threat to the audience, aptly dubbed 'accusation in a mirror' in a Rwandan Hutu propaganda manual. The speaker accuses the target group of plotting the same harm to the audience that the speaker hopes to incite, thus providing the audience with the collective analogue of the only ironclad defense to homicide: self-defense. One of the most famous examples is the Nazi assertion, before the Holocaust began, that Jews were planning to wipe out the German people.  • Assertions that the members of the target group are besmirching the audience group, or damaging its purity or integrity.  • Identifying the target group as foreign or alien, as if to expel them from the audience‟s group. [citation omitted]
  • Benesch 2014: "One of the most famous examples is the Nazi assertion, before the Holocaust began, that Jews were planning to wipe out the German people." Benesch, Susan (12 February 2014). Countering Dangerous Speech: New Ideas For Genocide Prevention | Dangerous Speech Project (PDF). United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 26. Retrieved 15 January 2022.

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  • Paracha 2024: "In his autobiography Mein Kampf [My Struggle], published nine years before he came to power, the German Nazi leader Adolf Hitler concluded that Jews were a threat to Germany because they were working to completely demolish the country and its people. In claiming this, Hitler was formulating what is often referred to as the 'mirror argument' – when someone accuses an actual or perceived opponent of planning to commit a grave crime or atrocity against the accuser, but which the accuser himself is wishing to commit against the accused." Paracha, Nadeem F. (11 August 2024). "THE MIRROR ARGUMENT". Dawn (newspaper). Pakistan. Archived from the original on 27 July 2025.
  • Benesch, Susan. "Working Paper: Countering Dangerous Speech: New Ideas for Genocide Prevention" (PDF). Berkman Center for Internet and Society: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 July 2025. Retrieved 28 January 2022. HALLMARKS OR TELLTALE SIGNS  • References to the target group as pests, vermin, insects, or animals, since such dehumanization tends to make killing and atrocities seem acceptable.  • Claims that members of the target group pose a mortal or existential threat to the audience, aptly dubbed 'accusation in a mirror' in a Rwandan Hutu propaganda manual. The speaker accuses the target group of plotting the same harm to the audience that the speaker hopes to incite, thus providing the audience with the collective analogue of the only ironclad defense to homicide: self-defense. One of the most famous examples is the Nazi assertion, before the Holocaust began, that Jews were planning to wipe out the German people.  • Assertions that the members of the target group are besmirching the audience group, or damaging its purity or integrity.  • Identifying the target group as foreign or alien, as if to expel them from the audience‟s group. [citation omitted]
  • Paracha 2024: "According to the American historian Alison Des Forges, who investigated the 1994 genocide of millions of Tutsi people by Hutu militias in Rwanda, a mimeographed document was found in a hut owned by a Rwandan Hutu. The document stated that the Hutu should accuse the Tutsi of planning to do what the Hutu militias were already planning." Paracha, Nadeem F. (11 August 2024). "THE MIRROR ARGUMENT". Dawn (newspaper). Pakistan. Archived from the original on 27 July 2025.
  • Kiernan 2007, p. 569. Kiernan, Ben (2007). Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-10098-3. Archived from the original on 6 January 2010. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  • Sellström, Åke; Cairns, Scott; Barbeschi, Maurizio (16 September 2013). "Report of United Nations Mission to Investigate Allegations of the Use of Chemical Weapons in the Syrian Arab Republic on the Alleged Use of Chemical Weapons in the Ghouta Area of Damascus on 21 August 2013" (PDF). United Nations. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 September 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2024.
  • Thomas, Molly; Nimens, Riley (11 March 2022). "Online propaganda war rages in parallel to battles on Ukraine streets". W5. Archived from the original on 11 March 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
  • Fichera, Angelo; Klepper, David (12 March 2022). "Russia's bioweapon conspiracy theory finds support in US". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
  • Paracha 2024: "Recently, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has been using mirror arguments to justify his government's violent policies against the Palestinians ... Netanyahu’s mirror arguments have nothing to do with Hamas being militantly opposed to the existence of Israel. In fact, although Hamas refuses to recognise Israel, it has accepted the 1967 borders, which implies an acceptance of Israel ... [Netanyahu] was simply strengthening a sentiment which has been rather common in Jewish settlers who have illegally taken over lands that are internationally recognised as being part of Palestine. In 2022, an Israeli soldier told the BBC, 'I grew up as a settler, so something that I heard from a very young age was that every Palestinian is a threat'... The soldier was relating a mirror argument that saw every Palestinian as planning to obliterate Israel. The purpose of this argument is to rationalise the killing of unarmed, common Palestinians. Far-right Zionists claim every Palestinian plans to eliminate the Jews. By claiming this, they are actually projecting their own desire to wipe out the Palestinians." Paracha, Nadeem F. (11 August 2024). "THE MIRROR ARGUMENT". Dawn (newspaper). Pakistan. Archived from the original on 27 July 2025.

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