Adam–God doctrine (English Wikipedia)

Roberts (1905, pp. 385–86) (Before the world was formed, the First Presidency "was first given to Adam.... He is Michael the Archangel, spoken of in the Scriptures."); Quinn (1998, p. 234) (doctrine of Adam as Michael and as premortal First President cited as a precursor for the Adam–God doctrine). Roberts, B. H., ed. (1905), History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, vol. 3, Salt Lake City: Deseret News. Quinn, D. Michael (1998), Early Mormonism and the Magic World View (2nd ed.), Salt Lake City: Signature Books, ISBN 1-56085-089-2.
Roberts (1905, p. 387) ("Adam delivers up his stewardship to Christ, that which was delivered to him as holding the keys of the universe, but retains his standing as head of the human family."). Roberts, B. H., ed. (1905), History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, vol. 3, Salt Lake City: Deseret News.
Roberts (1908, p. 207); Quinn (1998, p. 234) (Adam-as-mediator doctrine cited as a precursor for the Adam–God doctrine). Roberts, B. H., ed. (1908), History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, vol. 4, Salt Lake City: Deseret News. Quinn, D. Michael (1998), Early Mormonism and the Magic World View (2nd ed.), Salt Lake City: Signature Books, ISBN 1-56085-089-2.

byu.edu

contentdm.lib.byu.edu

Young (1852a, p. 50) (statement given in the general conference of the LDS Church on April 9, 1852). Young, Brigham (April 9, 1852a), "Self-Government—Mysteries—Recreation and Amusements, not in Themselves Sinful—Tithing—Adam, Our Father and Our God", in Watt, G.D. (ed.), Journal of Discourses by Brigham Young, President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, His Two Counsellors, the Twelve Apostles, and Others, vol. 1, Liverpool: F.D. & S.W. Richards (published 1854), pp. 46–53.
Young, Kimball & Richards (1853). Young, Brigham; Kimball, Heber C.; Richards, Willard (June 1, 1853), "Letter from the First Presidency", in Watt, G.D. (ed.), Journal of Discourses by Brigham Young, President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, His Two Counsellors, the Twelve Apostles, and Others, vol. 1, Liverpool: F.D. & S.W. Richards (published 1854), p. 6.
Young (1852a, p. 50). Young, Brigham (April 9, 1852a), "Self-Government—Mysteries—Recreation and Amusements, not in Themselves Sinful—Tithing—Adam, Our Father and Our God", in Watt, G.D. (ed.), Journal of Discourses by Brigham Young, President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, His Two Counsellors, the Twelve Apostles, and Others, vol. 1, Liverpool: F.D. & S.W. Richards (published 1854), pp. 46–53.
Young (1852a, p. 50). The full text from Journal of Discourses 1:51 reads as follows: "It is true that the Earth was organized by three distinct characters, namely, Eloheim, Yahovah, and Michael, these three forming a quorum, as in all heavenly bodies, and in organizing element, perfectly represented in the Deity, as Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. Again, they will try to tell how the divinity of Jesus is joined to his humanity, and exhaust all their mental faculties, and wind up with this profound language, as describing the soul of man, "it is an immaterial substance!" What a learned idea! Jesus, our elder brother, was begotten in the flesh by the same character that was in the garden of Eden, and who is our Father in Heaven. Now, let all who may hear these doctrines, pause before they make light of them, or treat them with indifference, for they will prove their salvation or damnation. I have given you a few leading items upon this subject, but a great deal more remains to be told. Now, remember from this time forth, and for ever, that Jesus Christ was not begotten by the Holy Ghost." Young, Brigham (April 9, 1852a), "Self-Government—Mysteries—Recreation and Amusements, not in Themselves Sinful—Tithing—Adam, Our Father and Our God", in Watt, G.D. (ed.), Journal of Discourses by Brigham Young, President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, His Two Counsellors, the Twelve Apostles, and Others, vol. 1, Liverpool: F.D. & S.W. Richards (published 1854), pp. 46–53.
Young (1852a, pp. 50–51). Young, Brigham (April 9, 1852a), "Self-Government—Mysteries—Recreation and Amusements, not in Themselves Sinful—Tithing—Adam, Our Father and Our God", in Watt, G.D. (ed.), Journal of Discourses by Brigham Young, President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, His Two Counsellors, the Twelve Apostles, and Others, vol. 1, Liverpool: F.D. & S.W. Richards (published 1854), pp. 46–53.
Young (1852a, p. 51). Watt's transcript of the sermon was the only known stenographic recording; however, several other witnesses summarized it in their journals. These recountings vary somewhat in wording. For example, attendee Samuel Hollister Rogers wrote several days later, confirming that Young said that when Adam went to the Garden, he "brought his wife or one of his wives with him", that "Adam was the only God that we would have, and that Christ was not begotten by the Holy Ghost, but of the Father Adam." Brigham Young Addresses 2:12; Samuel Hollister Rogers Journal 145. Young's bodyguard Hosea Stout wrote that night in his diary that "President B. Young taught that Adam was the father of Jesus and the only God to us." Diary of Hosea Stout 2:435 (April 9, 1852). Wilford Woodruff wrote that Young said God went to the Garden of Eden with "one of his wifes", that "Adam is Michael or God And all the God that we have any thing to do with", and "when the VIRGIN MARY was begotton with Child it was By the Father and in no other way ownly as we were begotton." Journal of Wilford Woodruff 4:127–30 (April 9, 1852). Young, Brigham (April 9, 1852a), "Self-Government—Mysteries—Recreation and Amusements, not in Themselves Sinful—Tithing—Adam, Our Father and Our God", in Watt, G.D. (ed.), Journal of Discourses by Brigham Young, President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, His Two Counsellors, the Twelve Apostles, and Others, vol. 1, Liverpool: F.D. & S.W. Richards (published 1854), pp. 46–53.
Young (1852a, p. 51). Young, Brigham (April 9, 1852a), "Self-Government—Mysteries—Recreation and Amusements, not in Themselves Sinful—Tithing—Adam, Our Father and Our God", in Watt, G.D. (ed.), Journal of Discourses by Brigham Young, President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, His Two Counsellors, the Twelve Apostles, and Others, vol. 1, Liverpool: F.D. & S.W. Richards (published 1854), pp. 46–53.
Franklin D. Richards, reported in "Minutes of the Special General Council", Millennial Star 16:534, 26 August 1854 (emphasis in original).
E. L. T. Harrison, "Sons of Michael", Millennial Star 23: 240 (13 April 1861).

speeches.byu.edu

McConkie, Bruce R. "The Seven Deadly Heresies". speeches.byu.edu. Retrieved 2017-11-04.
BYU Devotional, June 1, 1980. *This is what McConkie said in the audio recording of this sermon. The print version has subsequently been changed to "has no excuse whatever for being led astray by it." Compare PDF text with MP3 audio at 26:48:[1].

scholarsarchive.byu.edu

Larson (1978, p. 201) (God "once was a man like one of us and... God Himself, the Father of us all, once dwelled on an earth the same as Jesus Christ himself did in the flesh."); Quinn (1998, p. 234) (citing teaching that God is an exalted man as a precursor for the Adam–God doctrine). Larson, Stan (1978), "The King Follett Discourse: A Newly Amalgamated Text", BYU Studies, 18 (2): 193–208, archived from the original on 2017-08-28. Quinn, D. Michael (1998), Early Mormonism and the Magic World View (2nd ed.), Salt Lake City: Signature Books, ISBN 1-56085-089-2.
Widmer (2000, p. 131); Kirkland (1984, p. 38) (citing Joseph Smith's statement in Larson (1978, pp. 202–03)). Widmer, Kurt (2000), Mormonism and the Nature of God: A Theological Evolution, 1830–1915, Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, ISBN 978-0-7864-0776-7. Kirkland, Boyd (1984), "Jehovah as the Father: The Development of the Mormon Jehovah Doctrine" (PDF), Sunstone Magazine, 44 (Autumn): 36–44. Larson, Stan (1978), "The King Follett Discourse: A Newly Amalgamated Text", BYU Studies, 18 (2): 193–208, archived from the original on 2017-08-28.

byustudies.byu.edu

Watt (1977). Watt, Ronald G. (1977), "Sailing the Old Ship Zion: The Life of George D. Watt", BYU Studies, 18: 48–65.

centerplace.org

"Doctrine and Covenants 116". (LDS Church edition). The naming of Adam-ondi-Ahman is also recorded in the History of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints in volume 2, chapter 9, pages 153–154.

christiancourier.com

"Fundamentalist Mormonism Is the Original Mormonism". Christian Courier. Retrieved 2024-01-23.

churchofjesuschrist.org

Doctrine and Covenants 138:38–39.
"Doctrine and Covenants 116". (LDS Church edition). The naming of Adam-ondi-Ahman is also recorded in the History of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints in volume 2, chapter 9, pages 153–154.
"Sons of Michael, He Approaches", Hymns of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, hymn 51.
Spencer W. Kimball, "Our Own Liahona," Ensign, November 1976, p. 77.
Mark E. Petersen, "Adam, the Archangel", Ensign, November 1980.

catalog.churchofjesuschrist.org

"Sacred Hymns and Spiritual Songs. For the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints". catalog.churchofjesuschrist.org (12th ed.). F. D. Richards, 36 Islington, Liverpool. May 1863. p. Preface to the Twelfth Edition. Retrieved 2025-03-24. The present edition differs from those which have preceded it... in the substitution of forty-four hymns, mostly by our own Authors, in the stead of a number selected from other collections which were scarcely so well adapted for the worship of the Saints.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

dialoguejournal.com

Widmer (2000, p. 130); Quinn (1998, p. 234) ("Young's Adam–God teachings were an expansion of Joseph Smith's sermons in 1839-44"); Bergera (1980, p. 48) (stating that there is "no reliable evidence contemporary to Smith's lifetime which lends support" to the view that Smith taught the Adam–God doctrine, and that Young "was not above inventing support for beliefs where none existed previously"). Widmer, Kurt (2000), Mormonism and the Nature of God: A Theological Evolution, 1830–1915, Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, ISBN 978-0-7864-0776-7. Quinn, D. Michael (1998), Early Mormonism and the Magic World View (2nd ed.), Salt Lake City: Signature Books, ISBN 1-56085-089-2. Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595.
Bergera (1980, p. 48) (noting that Orson Pratt and contemporary historian T. B. H. Stenhouse both attributed the doctrine to Kimball). Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595.
Bergera (1980, p. 41) (describing the Adam–God doctrine as "that Adam was at once the spiritual as well as the physical father of all persons born on this world, including Jesus Christ"). Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595.
Bergera (1980, p. 15). Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595.
Widmer (2000, p. 131); Bergera (1980, p. 15). Widmer, Kurt (2000), Mormonism and the Nature of God: A Theological Evolution, 1830–1915, Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, ISBN 978-0-7864-0776-7. Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595.
Bergera (1980, p. 15) (citing Woodruff (1982, 6 May 1855))). Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595. Woodruff, Wilford (1982), Wilford Woodruff's Journal (PDF), Kraut's Pioneer Press.
Widmer (2000, p. 131); Bergera (1980, p. 41) (describing the Adam–God doctrine as "that Adam was at once the spiritual as well as the physical father of all persons born on this world, including Jesus Christ"). Widmer, Kurt (2000), Mormonism and the Nature of God: A Theological Evolution, 1830–1915, Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, ISBN 978-0-7864-0776-7. Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595.
Journal of Thomas Evans Jeremy Sr., September 30, 1852 ("Also he did not believe that Father Adam had flesh and bones, when he came to the garden of Eden, but he and his wife Eve were spirits, and that God formed their bodies out of the dust of the ground, and the (sic) became a living souls. He also said that he believed that Jesus Christ and Adam are brothers in the Spirit, and that Adam is not the God that he is praying unto."). See generally, Bergera 1980. Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595.

doi.org

Widmer (2000, p. 130); Quinn (1998, p. 234) ("Young's Adam–God teachings were an expansion of Joseph Smith's sermons in 1839-44"); Bergera (1980, p. 48) (stating that there is "no reliable evidence contemporary to Smith's lifetime which lends support" to the view that Smith taught the Adam–God doctrine, and that Young "was not above inventing support for beliefs where none existed previously"). Widmer, Kurt (2000), Mormonism and the Nature of God: A Theological Evolution, 1830–1915, Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, ISBN 978-0-7864-0776-7. Quinn, D. Michael (1998), Early Mormonism and the Magic World View (2nd ed.), Salt Lake City: Signature Books, ISBN 1-56085-089-2. Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595.
Bergera (1980, p. 48) (noting that Orson Pratt and contemporary historian T. B. H. Stenhouse both attributed the doctrine to Kimball). Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595.
Bergera (1980, p. 41) (describing the Adam–God doctrine as "that Adam was at once the spiritual as well as the physical father of all persons born on this world, including Jesus Christ"). Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595.
Bergera (1980, p. 15). Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595.
Widmer (2000, p. 131); Bergera (1980, p. 15). Widmer, Kurt (2000), Mormonism and the Nature of God: A Theological Evolution, 1830–1915, Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, ISBN 978-0-7864-0776-7. Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595.
Bergera (1980, p. 15) (citing Woodruff (1982, 6 May 1855))). Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595. Woodruff, Wilford (1982), Wilford Woodruff's Journal (PDF), Kraut's Pioneer Press.
Widmer (2000, p. 131); Bergera (1980, p. 41) (describing the Adam–God doctrine as "that Adam was at once the spiritual as well as the physical father of all persons born on this world, including Jesus Christ"). Widmer, Kurt (2000), Mormonism and the Nature of God: A Theological Evolution, 1830–1915, Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, ISBN 978-0-7864-0776-7. Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595.
Journal of Thomas Evans Jeremy Sr., September 30, 1852 ("Also he did not believe that Father Adam had flesh and bones, when he came to the garden of Eden, but he and his wife Eve were spirits, and that God formed their bodies out of the dust of the ground, and the (sic) became a living souls. He also said that he believed that Jesus Christ and Adam are brothers in the Spirit, and that Adam is not the God that he is praying unto."). See generally, Bergera 1980. Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595.

google.co.uk

Sacred Hymns and Spiritual Songs: For the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (10th ed.). Orson Pratt (published January 1854). 1854.

jstor.org

Widmer (2000, p. 130); Quinn (1998, p. 234) ("Young's Adam–God teachings were an expansion of Joseph Smith's sermons in 1839-44"); Bergera (1980, p. 48) (stating that there is "no reliable evidence contemporary to Smith's lifetime which lends support" to the view that Smith taught the Adam–God doctrine, and that Young "was not above inventing support for beliefs where none existed previously"). Widmer, Kurt (2000), Mormonism and the Nature of God: A Theological Evolution, 1830–1915, Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, ISBN 978-0-7864-0776-7. Quinn, D. Michael (1998), Early Mormonism and the Magic World View (2nd ed.), Salt Lake City: Signature Books, ISBN 1-56085-089-2. Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595.
Bergera (1980, p. 48) (noting that Orson Pratt and contemporary historian T. B. H. Stenhouse both attributed the doctrine to Kimball). Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595.
Bergera (1980, p. 41) (describing the Adam–God doctrine as "that Adam was at once the spiritual as well as the physical father of all persons born on this world, including Jesus Christ"). Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595.
Bergera (1980, p. 15). Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595.
Widmer (2000, p. 131); Bergera (1980, p. 15). Widmer, Kurt (2000), Mormonism and the Nature of God: A Theological Evolution, 1830–1915, Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, ISBN 978-0-7864-0776-7. Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595.
Bergera (1980, p. 15) (citing Woodruff (1982, 6 May 1855))). Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595. Woodruff, Wilford (1982), Wilford Woodruff's Journal (PDF), Kraut's Pioneer Press.
Widmer (2000, p. 131); Bergera (1980, p. 41) (describing the Adam–God doctrine as "that Adam was at once the spiritual as well as the physical father of all persons born on this world, including Jesus Christ"). Widmer, Kurt (2000), Mormonism and the Nature of God: A Theological Evolution, 1830–1915, Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, ISBN 978-0-7864-0776-7. Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595.
Journal of Thomas Evans Jeremy Sr., September 30, 1852 ("Also he did not believe that Father Adam had flesh and bones, when he came to the garden of Eden, but he and his wife Eve were spirits, and that God formed their bodies out of the dust of the ground, and the (sic) became a living souls. He also said that he believed that Jesus Christ and Adam are brothers in the Spirit, and that Adam is not the God that he is praying unto."). See generally, Bergera 1980. Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595.

mormonr.org

"Adam-God Theory". Retrieved 2024-01-22.

mrm.org

"The Adam-God Theory, A History". "Adam-God"_Brigham Young's Theory or Divine Doctrine?. Retrieved 2024-01-22.

nhfelt.org

Bergera (1980, p. 15) (citing Woodruff (1982, 6 May 1855))). Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595. Woodruff, Wilford (1982), Wilford Woodruff's Journal (PDF), Kraut's Pioneer Press.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Widmer (2000, p. 130); Quinn (1998, p. 234) ("Young's Adam–God teachings were an expansion of Joseph Smith's sermons in 1839-44"); Bergera (1980, p. 48) (stating that there is "no reliable evidence contemporary to Smith's lifetime which lends support" to the view that Smith taught the Adam–God doctrine, and that Young "was not above inventing support for beliefs where none existed previously"). Widmer, Kurt (2000), Mormonism and the Nature of God: A Theological Evolution, 1830–1915, Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, ISBN 978-0-7864-0776-7. Quinn, D. Michael (1998), Early Mormonism and the Magic World View (2nd ed.), Salt Lake City: Signature Books, ISBN 1-56085-089-2. Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595.
Bergera (1980, p. 48) (noting that Orson Pratt and contemporary historian T. B. H. Stenhouse both attributed the doctrine to Kimball). Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595.
Bergera (1980, p. 41) (describing the Adam–God doctrine as "that Adam was at once the spiritual as well as the physical father of all persons born on this world, including Jesus Christ"). Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595.
Bergera (1980, p. 15). Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595.
Widmer (2000, p. 131); Bergera (1980, p. 15). Widmer, Kurt (2000), Mormonism and the Nature of God: A Theological Evolution, 1830–1915, Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, ISBN 978-0-7864-0776-7. Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595.
Bergera (1980, p. 15) (citing Woodruff (1982, 6 May 1855))). Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595. Woodruff, Wilford (1982), Wilford Woodruff's Journal (PDF), Kraut's Pioneer Press.
Widmer (2000, p. 131); Bergera (1980, p. 41) (describing the Adam–God doctrine as "that Adam was at once the spiritual as well as the physical father of all persons born on this world, including Jesus Christ"). Widmer, Kurt (2000), Mormonism and the Nature of God: A Theological Evolution, 1830–1915, Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, ISBN 978-0-7864-0776-7. Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595.
Journal of Thomas Evans Jeremy Sr., September 30, 1852 ("Also he did not believe that Father Adam had flesh and bones, when he came to the garden of Eden, but he and his wife Eve were spirits, and that God formed their bodies out of the dust of the ground, and the (sic) became a living souls. He also said that he believed that Jesus Christ and Adam are brothers in the Spirit, and that Adam is not the God that he is praying unto."). See generally, Bergera 1980. Bergera, Gary James (1980), "The Orson Pratt–Brigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868" (PDF), Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 13 (2): 7–49, doi:10.2307/45224861, JSTOR 45224861, S2CID 254314595.

sunstonemagazine.com

Widmer (2000, pp. 131, 133) (describing Michael as a "God in the Council of Gods".); Kirkland (1984, p. 38) Widmer, Kurt (2000), Mormonism and the Nature of God: A Theological Evolution, 1830–1915, Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, ISBN 978-0-7864-0776-7. Kirkland, Boyd (1984), "Jehovah as the Father: The Development of the Mormon Jehovah Doctrine" (PDF), Sunstone Magazine, 44 (Autumn): 36–44.
Widmer (2000, p. 131); Kirkland (1984, p. 38) (citing Joseph Smith's statement in Larson (1978, pp. 202–03)). Widmer, Kurt (2000), Mormonism and the Nature of God: A Theological Evolution, 1830–1915, Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, ISBN 978-0-7864-0776-7. Kirkland, Boyd (1984), "Jehovah as the Father: The Development of the Mormon Jehovah Doctrine" (PDF), Sunstone Magazine, 44 (Autumn): 36–44. Larson, Stan (1978), "The King Follett Discourse: A Newly Amalgamated Text", BYU Studies, 18 (2): 193–208, archived from the original on 2017-08-28.
Kirkland (1984, p. 39). Kirkland, Boyd (1984), "Jehovah as the Father: The Development of the Mormon Jehovah Doctrine" (PDF), Sunstone Magazine, 44 (Autumn): 36–44.
Kirkland (1984, pp. 39–41) (noting that in the late 19th century, several Latter Day Saint leaders who still adhered to the Adam–God doctrine began to adopt the modern Latter Day Saint belief that the Old Testament deity was also Jesus). Kirkland, Boyd (1984), "Jehovah as the Father: The Development of the Mormon Jehovah Doctrine" (PDF), Sunstone Magazine, 44 (Autumn): 36–44.

utah.edu

udn.lib.utah.edu

Thomas Bullock, Minutes of the LDS General Conference Deseret News, April 17, 1852, p. 2.

web.archive.org

Larson (1978, p. 201) (God "once was a man like one of us and... God Himself, the Father of us all, once dwelled on an earth the same as Jesus Christ himself did in the flesh."); Quinn (1998, p. 234) (citing teaching that God is an exalted man as a precursor for the Adam–God doctrine). Larson, Stan (1978), "The King Follett Discourse: A Newly Amalgamated Text", BYU Studies, 18 (2): 193–208, archived from the original on 2017-08-28. Quinn, D. Michael (1998), Early Mormonism and the Magic World View (2nd ed.), Salt Lake City: Signature Books, ISBN 1-56085-089-2.
Widmer (2000, p. 131); Kirkland (1984, p. 38) (citing Joseph Smith's statement in Larson (1978, pp. 202–03)). Widmer, Kurt (2000), Mormonism and the Nature of God: A Theological Evolution, 1830–1915, Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, ISBN 978-0-7864-0776-7. Kirkland, Boyd (1984), "Jehovah as the Father: The Development of the Mormon Jehovah Doctrine" (PDF), Sunstone Magazine, 44 (Autumn): 36–44. Larson, Stan (1978), "The King Follett Discourse: A Newly Amalgamated Text", BYU Studies, 18 (2): 193–208, archived from the original on 2017-08-28.
Quoted from Manuscript Addresses of Brigham Young Archived December 26, 2005, at the Wayback Machine. Watt, G.D., transcriber, October 8, 1861, with minor misspellings corrected.

xmission.com

Quoted from Manuscript Addresses of Brigham Young Archived December 26, 2005, at the Wayback Machine. Watt, G.D., transcriber, October 8, 1861, with minor misspellings corrected.