Adaptation (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Adaptation" in English language version.

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67worldcat.org

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archive.org

Desmond 1989, pp. 31–32, fn 18 Desmond, Adrian (1989). The Politics of Evolution: Morphology, Medicine, and Reform in Radical London. Science and its Conceptual Foundations. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-14346-0. OCLC 709606191.
Bowler, Peter J. (1989) [1983]. Evolution The History of an Idea (Revised ed.). University of California Press. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-520-06386-0.
See, for example, the discussion in Bowler 2003, pp. 86–95: "Whatever the true nature of Lamarck's theory, it was his mechanism of adaptation that caught the attention of later naturalists." (p. 90) Bowler, Peter J. (2003). Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd completely rev. and expanded ed.). University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-23693-6. OCLC 49824702.
Provine 1986 Provine, William B. (1986). Sewall Wright and Evolutionary Biology. Science and its Conceptual Foundations. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-68474-1. OCLC 12808844.
Bowler 2003, p. 10 Bowler, Peter J. (2003). Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd completely rev. and expanded ed.). University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-23693-6. OCLC 49824702.
Mayr 1963 Mayr, Ernst (1963). Animal Species and Evolution. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-03750-2. OCLC 899044868.
Hutchinson 1965. The niche is the central concept in evolutionary ecology; see especially part II: "The niche: an abstractly inhabited hypervolume." (pp. 26–78) Hutchinson, G. Evelyn (1965). The Ecological Theater and the Evolutionary Play. Yale University Press. OCLC 250039.
Maynard Smith 1993, p. 33 Maynard Smith, John (1993). The Theory of Evolution (Canto ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-45128-4. OCLC 27676642.
Futuyma 1986, p. 552 Futuyma, Douglas J. (1986). Evolutionary Biology (2nd ed.). Sinauer Associates. ISBN 978-0-87893-188-0. OCLC 13822044.
Eldredge 1995, p. 33 Eldredge, Niles (1995). Reinventing Darwin: The Great Debate at the High Table of Evolutionary Theory. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-30301-5. OCLC 30975979.
Eldredge 1995, p. 64 Eldredge, Niles (1995). Reinventing Darwin: The Great Debate at the High Table of Evolutionary Theory. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-30301-5. OCLC 30975979.
Wickler 1968 Wickler, Wolfgang (1968). Mimicry in Plants and Animals. World University Library. Translated from the German by R. D. Martin. McGraw-Hill. OCLC 160314.
Cronin 1991 Cronin, Helen (1991). The Ant and the Peacock: Altruism and Sexual Selection from Darwin to Today. Foreword by John Maynard Smith. Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. ISBN 978-0-521-32937-8. OCLC 23144516.
Pittendrigh 1958 Pittendrigh, Colin S. (1958). "Adaptation, Natural Selection, and Behavior". In Roe, Anne; Simpson, George Gaylord (eds.). Behavior and Evolution. Yale University Press. OCLC 191989.
Mayr 1965, pp. 33–50 Mayr, Ernst (1965). "Cause and Effect in Biology". In Lerner, Daniel (ed.). Cause and Effect. The Hayden Colloquium on Scientific Method and Concept. Free Press. OCLC 384895.
Monod 1971 Monod, Jacques (1971). Chance and Necessity: An Essay on the Natural Philosophy of Modern Biology. Translation of Le hasard et la nécessité by Austryn Wainhouse (1st American ed.). Knopf. ISBN 978-0-394-46615-6. OCLC 209901.

books.google.com

Wang, G (2014). "Chapter 5.6—Zero Order Adaptivity". Analysis of Complex Diseases: A Mathematical Perspective. Taylor Francis. p. 69. ISBN 978-1-4665-7223-2.
Sejian, V.; Gaughan, J.; Baumgard, L.; Prasad, C., eds. (2015). Climate Change Impact on Livestock: Adaptation and Mitigation. Springer. p. 515. ISBN 978-81-322-2265-1.
Gross, Richard (2012). Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behaviour (6th ed.). Hodder. p. 335. ISBN 978-1-4441-6436-7.
Endler 1986, pp. 33–51 Endler, John A. (1986). "Fitness and Adaptation". Natural Selection in the Wild. Monographs in Population Biology. Vol. 21. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-08387-2. OCLC 12262762.
King, R. C.; et al. (2006). A Dictionary of Genetics (7th ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-19-530761-0. Dominance [refers] to alleles that fully manifest their phenotype when present in the heterozygous ... state.

cam.ac.uk

eprints.esc.cam.ac.uk

Baron, M.G.; Norman, D.B.; Barrett, P.M. (2017). "A new hypothesis of dinosaur relationships and early dinosaur evolution" (PDF). Nature. 543 (7646): 501–506. Bibcode:2017Natur.543..501B. doi:10.1038/nature21700. PMID 28332513. S2CID 205254710.

darwin-online.org.uk

Darwin 1872, p. 397: "Rudimentary, Atrophied, and Aborted Organs" Darwin, Charles (1872). The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (6th ed.). John Murray. OCLC 1185571. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
Darwin 1871, p. 256 Darwin, Charles (1871). The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex. John Murray. OCLC 550912.
Darwin 1872, pp. 57–58. Darwin in tells the story of "a web of complex relations" involving heartsease (Viola tricolor), red clover (Trifolium pratense), bumblebees, mice and cats. Darwin, Charles (1872). The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (6th ed.). John Murray. OCLC 1185571. Retrieved 17 August 2015.

doi.org

Orr, H. Allen (February 2005). "The genetic theory of adaptation: a brief history". Nature Reviews Genetics. 6 (2): 119–127. doi:10.1038/nrg1523. PMID 15716908. S2CID 17772950.
Salzburger, Walter; Mack, Tanja; Verheyen, Erik; Meyer, Axel (21 February 2005). "Out of Tanganyika: Genesis, explosive speciation, key-innovations and phylogeography of the haplochromine cichlid fishes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 5 (17): 17. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-5-17. PMC 554777. PMID 15723698.
Kornfield, Irv; Smith, Peter F. (November 2000). "African Cichlid Fishes: Model Systems for Evolutionary Biology". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 31: 163–196. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.163.
Dobzhansky 1968, pp. 1–34 Dobzhansky, Theodosius (1968). "On Some Fundamental Concepts of Darwinian Biology". In Dobzhansky, Theodosius; Hecht, Max K.; Steere, William C. (eds.). Evolutionary Biology. Vol. 2. Appleton-Century-Crofts. pp. 1–34. doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-8094-8_1. ISBN 978-1-4684-8096-2. OCLC 24875357.
Dobzhansky, Theodosius (March 1956). "Genetics of Natural Populations. XXV. Genetic Changes in Populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura and Drosophila persimilis in Some Localities in California". Evolution. 10 (1): 82–92. doi:10.2307/2406099. JSTOR 2406099.
Rymer, Tasmin; Pillay, Neville; Schradin, Carsten (2013). "Extinction or Survival? Behavioral Flexibility in Response to Environmental Change in the African Striped Mouse Rhabdomys". Sustainability. 5 (1): 163–186. doi:10.3390/su5010163.
Price, Trevor D.; Qvarnström, Anna; Irwin, Darren E. (July 2003). "The role of phenotypic plasticity in driving genetic evolution". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 270 (1523): 1433–1440. doi:10.1098/rspb.2003.2372. PMC 1691402. PMID 12965006.
Price, Trevor D. (June 2006). "Phenotypic plasticity, sexual selection and the evolution of colour patterns". The Journal of Experimental Biology. 209 (12): 2368–2376. doi:10.1242/jeb.02183. PMID 16731813.
Moore, Lorna G.; Regensteiner, Judith G. (October 1983). "Adaptation to High Altitude". Annual Review of Anthropology. 12: 285–304. doi:10.1146/annurev.an.12.100183.001441.
de Villemereuil, P.; Gaggiotti, O. E.; Mouterde, M.; Till-Bottraud, I (21 October 2015). "Common garden experiments in the genomic era: new perspectives and opportunities". Heredity. 116 (3): 249–254. doi:10.1038/hdy.2015.93. PMC 4806574. PMID 26486610.
Lamichhaney, Sangeed; Berglund, Jonas (19 February 2015). "Evolution of Darwin's finches and their beaks revealed by genome sequencing". Nature. 518 (7539): 371–375. Bibcode:2015Natur.518..371L. doi:10.1038/nature14181. PMID 25686609. S2CID 4462253.
Nachman, Michael W.; Hoekstra, Hopi E.; D'Agostino, Susan L. (29 April 2003). "The genetic basis of adaptive melanism in pocket mice". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (9): 5268–5273. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.5268N. doi:10.1073/pnas.0431157100. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 154334. PMID 12704245.
Hoekstra, Hopi E.; Hirschmann, Rachel J.; Bundey, Richard A.; Insel, Paul A.; Crossland, Janet P. (7 July 2006). "A Single Amino Acid Mutation Contributes to Adaptive Beach Mouse Color Pattern". Science. 313 (5783): 101–104. Bibcode:2006Sci...313..101H. doi:10.1126/science.1126121. PMID 16825572. S2CID 33376626.
Brower, Lincoln P.; Glazier, Susan C. (4 April 1975). "Localization of Heart Poisons in the Monarch Butterfly". Science. 188 (4183): 19–25. Bibcode:1975Sci...188...19B. doi:10.1126/science.188.4183.19. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17760150. S2CID 44509809.
Agrawal, Anurag (7 March 2017). Monarchs and Milkweed. Princeton University Press. doi:10.1515/9781400884766. ISBN 978-1-4008-8476-6.
Reichstein, T.; von Euw, J.; Parsons, J. A.; Rothschild, Miriam (30 August 1968). "Heart Poisons in the Monarch Butterfly". Science. 161 (3844): 861–866. Bibcode:1968Sci...161..861R. doi:10.1126/science.161.3844.861. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 4875496.
Holzinger, F.; Frick, C.; Wink, M. (21 December 1992). "Molecular basis for the insensitivity of the Monarch (Danaus plexippus) to cardiac glycosides". FEBS Letters. 314 (3): 477–480. Bibcode:1992FEBSL.314..477H. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(92)81530-y. ISSN 0014-5793. PMID 1334851. S2CID 7427771.
Karageorgi, Marianthi; Groen, Simon C.; Sumbul, Fidan; et al. (2 October 2019). "Genome editing retraces the evolution of toxin resistance in the monarch butterfly". Nature. 574 (7778): 409–412. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1610-8. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 7039281. PMID 31578524.
Dobler, S.; Dalla, S.; Wagschal, V.; Agrawal, A. A. (23 July 2012). "Community-wide convergent evolution in insect adaptation to toxic cardenolides by substitutions in the Na,K-ATPase". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (32): 13040–13045. doi:10.1073/pnas.1202111109. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3420205. PMID 22826239.
Groen, Simon C.; Whiteman, Noah K. (November 2021). "Convergent evolution of cardiac-glycoside resistance in predators and parasites of milkweed herbivores". Current Biology. 31 (22): R1465–R1466. Bibcode:2021CBio...31R1465G. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.025. ISSN 0960-9822. PMC 8892682. PMID 34813747. S2CID 244485686.
Rabajante, J.; et al. (2016). "Host-parasite Red Queen dynamics with phase-locked rare genotypes". Science Advances. 2 (3): e1501548. Bibcode:2016SciA....2E1548R. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1501548. PMC 4783124. PMID 26973878.
Gogarten, J. Peter; Doolittle, W. Ford (1 December 2002). "Prokaryotic Evolution in Light of Gene Transfer". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 19 (12): 2226–2238. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004046. PMID 12446813.
de la Cruz, Fernando; Davies, Julian (1 March 2000). "Horizontal gene transfer and the origin of species: lessons from bacteria". Trends in Microbiology. 8 (3): 128–133. doi:10.1016/s0966-842x(00)01703-0. PMID 10707066.
Mallet, James (November 2001). "The speciation revolution" (PDF). Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 14 (6): 887–888. doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.2001.00342.x. S2CID 36627140.
Jacob, François (10 June 1977). "Evolution and Tinkering". Science. 196 (4295): 1161–1166. Bibcode:1977Sci...196.1161J. doi:10.1126/science.860134. PMID 860134. S2CID 29756896.
Gould, Stephen Jay (June 1974). "The Origin and Function of 'Bizarre' Structures: Antler Size and Skull Size in the 'Irish Elk,' Megaloceros giganteus". Evolution. 28 (2): 191–220. doi:10.2307/2407322. JSTOR 2407322. PMID 28563271.
Garcia, J. E.; Rohr, D.; Dyer, A. G. (2013). "Trade-off between camouflage and sexual dimorphism revealed by UV digital imaging: the case of Australian Mallee dragons (Ctenophorus fordi)". Journal of Experimental Biology. 216 (22): 4290–4298. doi:10.1242/jeb.094045. PMID 23997198.
Rosenberg, Karen R. (1992). "The evolution of modern human childbirth". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 35 (Supplement S15): 89–124. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330350605.
Friedlander, Nancy J.; Jordan, David K. (October–December 1994). "Obstetric implications of Neanderthal robusticity and bone density". Human Evolution. 9 (4): 331–342. doi:10.1007/BF02435519. S2CID 86590348.
Altwegg, Robert E.; Simmons, Res (September 2010). "Necks-for-sex or competing browsers? A critique of ideas on the evolution of giraffe". Journal of Zoology. 282 (1): 6–12. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2010.00711.x.
Huskins, C. Leonard (1930). "The origin of Spartina Townsendii". Genetica. 12 (6): 531–538. doi:10.1007/BF01487665. S2CID 30321360.
Luria, S. E.; Delbrück, M. (1943). "Mutations of Bacteria from Virus Sensitivity to Virus Resistance". Genetics. 28 (6): 491–511. doi:10.1093/genetics/28.6.491. PMC 1209226. PMID 17247100.
Allin & Hopson 1992, pp. 587–614 Allin, Edgar F.; Hopson, James A. (1992). "Evolution of the Auditory System in Synapsida ("Mammal-Like Reptiles" and Primitive Mammals) as Seen in the Fossil Record". In Webster, Douglas B.; Fay, Richard R.; Popper, Arthur N. (eds.). The Evolutionary Biology of Hearing. Springer-Verlag. pp. 587–614. doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-2784-7_37. ISBN 978-0-387-97588-7. OCLC 23582549. "Based on a conference held at the Mote Marine Laboratory in Sarasota, Fla., May 20–24, 1990."
Gould, Stephen Jay; Vrba, Elizabeth S. (Winter 1982). "Exaptation–A Missing Term in the Science of Form". Paleobiology. 8 (1): 4–15. Bibcode:1982Pbio....8....4G. doi:10.1017/S0094837300004310. JSTOR 2400563. S2CID 86436132.
Baron, M.G.; Norman, D.B.; Barrett, P.M. (2017). "A new hypothesis of dinosaur relationships and early dinosaur evolution" (PDF). Nature. 543 (7646): 501–506. Bibcode:2017Natur.543..501B. doi:10.1038/nature21700. PMID 28332513. S2CID 205254710.
Dimond, C. C.; Cabin, R. J.; Brooks, J. S. (2011). "Feathers, Dinosaurs, and Behavioral Cues: Defining the Visual Display Hypothesis for the Adaptive Function of Feathers in Non-Avian Theropods". BIOS. 82 (3): 58–63. doi:10.1893/011.082.0302. S2CID 98221211.
Sumida, S. S.; C. A. Brochu (2000). "Phylogenetic Context for the Origin of Feathers". American Zoologist. 40 (4): 485–503. doi:10.1093/icb/40.4.486.
Koh, Lian Pin; Dunn, Robert R.; Sodhi, Navjot S.; et al. (September 2004). "Species Coextinctions and the Biodiversity Crisis". Science. 305 (5690): 1632–1634. Bibcode:2004Sci...305.1632K. doi:10.1126/science.1101101. PMID 15361627. S2CID 30713492.
Bernstein, H., Byerly, H.C., Hopf, F.A., Michod, R.E., and Vemulapalli, G.K. (1983) The Darwinian dynamic. Q. Rev. Biol. 58(2), 185–207. doi:10.1086/413216. JSTOR 2828805. S2CID 83956410
Caro, TM (1986). "The functions of stotting in Thomson's gazelles: Some tests of the predictions". Animal Behaviour. 34 (3): 663–684. doi:10.1016/S0003-3472(86)80052-5. S2CID 53155678.
Nagel, Ernest (May 1977). "Goal-Directed Processes in Biology". The Journal of Philosophy. 74 (5): 261–279. doi:10.2307/2025745. JSTOR 2025745. Teleology Revisisted: The Dewy Lectures 1977 (first lecture)
Nagel, Ernest (May 1977). "Functional Explanations in Biology". The Journal of Philosophy. 74 (5): 280–301. doi:10.2307/2025746. JSTOR 2025746. Teleology Revisisted: The Dewy Lectures 1977 (second lecture)
Hull 1982 Hull, David L. (1982). "Philosophy and biology". In Fløistad, Guttorm (ed.). Philosophy of Science. Contemporary Philosophy: A New Survey. Vol. 2. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; Springer Netherlands. doi:10.1007/978-94-010-9940-0. ISBN 978-90-247-2518-2. OCLC 502399533.

dropboxusercontent.com

dl.dropboxusercontent.com

Van Valen, Leigh (July 1973). "A New Evolutionary Law" (PDF). Evolutionary Theory. 1: 1–30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2015.

eoearth.org

Hogan, C. Michael (12 October 2010). "Mutation". In Monosson, Emily (ed.). Encyclopedia of Earth. Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment. OCLC 72808636. Retrieved 18 August 2015.

esp.org

Wright 1932, pp. 356–366 Wright, Sewall (1932). "The Roles of Mutation, Inbreeding, Crossbreeding and Selection in Evolution". In Jones, Donald F. (ed.). Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress of Genetics. Vol. 1. Genetics Society of America. OCLC 439596433.

genetics.org

Luria, S. E.; Delbrück, M. (1943). "Mutations of Bacteria from Virus Sensitivity to Virus Resistance". Genetics. 28 (6): 491–511. doi:10.1093/genetics/28.6.491. PMC 1209226. PMID 17247100.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Lamichhaney, Sangeed; Berglund, Jonas (19 February 2015). "Evolution of Darwin's finches and their beaks revealed by genome sequencing". Nature. 518 (7539): 371–375. Bibcode:2015Natur.518..371L. doi:10.1038/nature14181. PMID 25686609. S2CID 4462253.
Nachman, Michael W.; Hoekstra, Hopi E.; D'Agostino, Susan L. (29 April 2003). "The genetic basis of adaptive melanism in pocket mice". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (9): 5268–5273. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.5268N. doi:10.1073/pnas.0431157100. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 154334. PMID 12704245.
Hoekstra, Hopi E.; Hirschmann, Rachel J.; Bundey, Richard A.; Insel, Paul A.; Crossland, Janet P. (7 July 2006). "A Single Amino Acid Mutation Contributes to Adaptive Beach Mouse Color Pattern". Science. 313 (5783): 101–104. Bibcode:2006Sci...313..101H. doi:10.1126/science.1126121. PMID 16825572. S2CID 33376626.
Brower, Lincoln P.; Glazier, Susan C. (4 April 1975). "Localization of Heart Poisons in the Monarch Butterfly". Science. 188 (4183): 19–25. Bibcode:1975Sci...188...19B. doi:10.1126/science.188.4183.19. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17760150. S2CID 44509809.
Reichstein, T.; von Euw, J.; Parsons, J. A.; Rothschild, Miriam (30 August 1968). "Heart Poisons in the Monarch Butterfly". Science. 161 (3844): 861–866. Bibcode:1968Sci...161..861R. doi:10.1126/science.161.3844.861. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 4875496.
Holzinger, F.; Frick, C.; Wink, M. (21 December 1992). "Molecular basis for the insensitivity of the Monarch (Danaus plexippus) to cardiac glycosides". FEBS Letters. 314 (3): 477–480. Bibcode:1992FEBSL.314..477H. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(92)81530-y. ISSN 0014-5793. PMID 1334851. S2CID 7427771.
Groen, Simon C.; Whiteman, Noah K. (November 2021). "Convergent evolution of cardiac-glycoside resistance in predators and parasites of milkweed herbivores". Current Biology. 31 (22): R1465–R1466. Bibcode:2021CBio...31R1465G. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.025. ISSN 0960-9822. PMC 8892682. PMID 34813747. S2CID 244485686.
Rabajante, J.; et al. (2016). "Host-parasite Red Queen dynamics with phase-locked rare genotypes". Science Advances. 2 (3): e1501548. Bibcode:2016SciA....2E1548R. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1501548. PMC 4783124. PMID 26973878.
Jacob, François (10 June 1977). "Evolution and Tinkering". Science. 196 (4295): 1161–1166. Bibcode:1977Sci...196.1161J. doi:10.1126/science.860134. PMID 860134. S2CID 29756896.
Gould, Stephen Jay; Vrba, Elizabeth S. (Winter 1982). "Exaptation–A Missing Term in the Science of Form". Paleobiology. 8 (1): 4–15. Bibcode:1982Pbio....8....4G. doi:10.1017/S0094837300004310. JSTOR 2400563. S2CID 86436132.
Baron, M.G.; Norman, D.B.; Barrett, P.M. (2017). "A new hypothesis of dinosaur relationships and early dinosaur evolution" (PDF). Nature. 543 (7646): 501–506. Bibcode:2017Natur.543..501B. doi:10.1038/nature21700. PMID 28332513. S2CID 205254710.
Koh, Lian Pin; Dunn, Robert R.; Sodhi, Navjot S.; et al. (September 2004). "Species Coextinctions and the Biodiversity Crisis". Science. 305 (5690): 1632–1634. Bibcode:2004Sci...305.1632K. doi:10.1126/science.1101101. PMID 15361627. S2CID 30713492.

iliauni.edu.ge

eprints.iliauni.edu.ge

Tarkhnishvili, David N. (1994). "Interdependences between Populational, Developmental and Morphological Features of the Caucasian salamander, Mertensiella caucasica" (PDF). Mertensiella. 4: 315–325. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2015.

jstor.org

Dobzhansky, Theodosius (March 1956). "Genetics of Natural Populations. XXV. Genetic Changes in Populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura and Drosophila persimilis in Some Localities in California". Evolution. 10 (1): 82–92. doi:10.2307/2406099. JSTOR 2406099.
Gould, Stephen Jay (June 1974). "The Origin and Function of 'Bizarre' Structures: Antler Size and Skull Size in the 'Irish Elk,' Megaloceros giganteus". Evolution. 28 (2): 191–220. doi:10.2307/2407322. JSTOR 2407322. PMID 28563271.
Gould, Stephen Jay; Vrba, Elizabeth S. (Winter 1982). "Exaptation–A Missing Term in the Science of Form". Paleobiology. 8 (1): 4–15. Bibcode:1982Pbio....8....4G. doi:10.1017/S0094837300004310. JSTOR 2400563. S2CID 86436132.
Bernstein, H., Byerly, H.C., Hopf, F.A., Michod, R.E., and Vemulapalli, G.K. (1983) The Darwinian dynamic. Q. Rev. Biol. 58(2), 185–207. doi:10.1086/413216. JSTOR 2828805. S2CID 83956410
Nagel, Ernest (May 1977). "Goal-Directed Processes in Biology". The Journal of Philosophy. 74 (5): 261–279. doi:10.2307/2025745. JSTOR 2025745. Teleology Revisisted: The Dewy Lectures 1977 (first lecture)
Nagel, Ernest (May 1977). "Functional Explanations in Biology". The Journal of Philosophy. 74 (5): 280–301. doi:10.2307/2025746. JSTOR 2025746. Teleology Revisisted: The Dewy Lectures 1977 (second lecture)

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

Daintith, John; Martin, Elizabeth A., eds. (2010) [First published 1984 as Concise Science Dictionary]. "adaptation". A Dictionary of Science. Oxford Paperback Reference (6th ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-19-956146-9. LCCN 2010287468. OCLC 444383696. Any change in the structure or functioning of successive generations of a population that makes it better suited to its environment.

loc.gov

Michod, R. E. 1999. Darwinian Dynamics: Evolutionary Transitions in Fitness and Individuality. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. ISBN 978-0-691-02699-2. LCCN 98-4166. OCLC 38948118

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ford 1975 Ford, E. B. (1975). Ecological Genetics. Vol. 25 (4th ed.). Chapman & Hall; John Wiley & Sons. pp. 227–35. ISBN 978-0-470-26576-5. OCLC 1890603. PMID 5701915. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
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