Adder (English Wikipedia)

"Everyday Adders – the Adder in Folklore". The Herpetological Conservation Trust. Archived from the original on 3 October 2009. Retrieved 7 February 2010.

discoverwildlife.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Adder guide: how to identify, what they eat and how to avoid being bitten". Discover Wildlife. 14 May 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2026.

doaj.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Strugariu, Alexandru; Zamfirescu, Ştefan R.; Gherghel, Iulian (2009). "First record of the adder (Vipera berus berus) in Argeș County (Southern Romania)". Biharean Biologist. 3 (2): 164. Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2013. (gives example masses of females).

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Munkhbayar, K.; Rustamov, A; Orlov, N.L.; Jelić, D.; Meyer, A.; Borczyk, B.; Joger, U.; Tomović, L.; Cheylan, M.; Corti, C.; Crnobrnja-Isailović, J.; Vogrin, M.; Sá-Sousa, P.; Pleguezuelos, J.; Sterijovski, B.; Westerström, A.; Schmidt, B.; Sindaco, R.; Borkin, L.; Milto, K. & Nuridjanov, D. (2021). "Vipera berus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T47756146A743903. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T47756146A743903.en. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
Warrell, David A. (2005). "Treatment of bites by adders and exotic venomous snakes". British Medical Journal. 331 (7527): 1244–1247. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7527.1244. PMC 1289323. PMID 16308385.
Owens, JB; Wüster, W; Mulley, J (2025). "The genome sequence of the common adder, Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758)". Wellcome Open Research. 2. 10: 11. doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23470.2. PMC 12511858. PMID 41079487.
Olsson, M.; Madsen, T.; Shine, R. (1997). "Is sperm really so cheap? Costs of reproduction in male adders,Vipera berus". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 264 (1380): 455–459. doi:10.1098/rspb.1997.0065. JSTOR 50437. PMC 1688262. (includes chart showing range of male mass in one population)
Warrell, David A. (1 January 2014), "Venomous and Poisonous Animals", Manson's Tropical Infectious Diseases, W.B. Saunders, pp. 1096–1127.e3, doi:10.1016/B978-0-7020-5101-2.00076-5, ISBN 978-0-7020-5101-2, retrieved 5 June 2026
Krecsák, László; Wahlgren, Richard (2008). "A survey of the Linnaean type material of Coluber berus, Coluber chersea and Coluber prester (Serpentes, Viperidae)". Journal of Natural History. 42 (35–36): 2343–2377. Bibcode:2008JNatH..42.2343K. doi:10.1080/00222930802126888. S2CID 83947746.
Gardner, Emma; Julian, Angela; Monk, Chris; Baker, John (2019). "Make the Adder Count: population trends from a citizen science survey of UK adders" (PDF). Herpetological Journal. 29: 57–70. doi:10.33256/hj29.1.5770. S2CID 92204234.
Anibaldi, Claudio; Luiselli, Luca; Capula, Massimo (1995). "The diet of juvenile adders, Vipera berus, in an alpine habitat". Amphibia-Reptilia. 16 (4): 404–407. doi:10.1163/156853895x00488. ISSN 0173-5373.
Latinović, Zorica; Leonardi, Adrijana; Šribar, Jernej; Sajevic, Tamara; Žužek, Monika C.; Frangež, Robert; Halassy, Beata; Trampuš-Bakija, Alenka; Pungerčar, Jože; Križaj, Igor (2 September 2016). "Venomics of Vipera berus berus to explain differences in pathology elicited by Vipera ammodytes ammodytes envenomation: Therapeutic implications". Journal of Proteomics. 146: 34–47. doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2016.06.020. PMID 27327134.
Di Nicola, Matteo R.; Pontara, Andrea; Kass, George E.N.; Kramer, Nynke I.; Avella, Ignazio; Pampena, Riccardo; Mercuri, Santo Raffaele; Dorne, Jean Lou C.M.; Paolino, Giovanni (15 April 2021). "Vipers of Major clinical relevance in Europe: Taxonomy, venom composition, toxicology and clinical management of human bites". Toxicology. 453 152724. doi:10.1016/j.tox.2021.152724. PMID 33610611.
Malina, Tamás; Krecsák, László; Westerström, Alexander; Szemán-Nagy, Gábor; Gyémánt, Gyöngyi; M-Hamvas, Márta; Rowan, Edward G.; Harvey, Alan L.; Warrell, David A.; Pál, Balázs; Rusznák, Zoltán; Vasas, Gábor (1 September 2017). "Individual variability of venom from the European adder (Vipera berus berus) from one locality in Eastern Hungary". Toxicon. 135: 59–70. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.06.004. PMID 28602828.
Mittendorf and Windskog (2024). "Anaphylaxis as probable cause of death in a rare case of fatal Vipera berus bite". Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology. 20 (4). Images in Forensics: 1547–1552. doi:10.1007/s12024-023-00776-2. PMC 11790695. PMID 38265556.

elsevier.com (Global: 365^th place; English: 372^nd place)

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Latinović, Zorica; Leonardi, Adrijana; Šribar, Jernej; Sajevic, Tamara; Žužek, Monika C.; Frangež, Robert; Halassy, Beata; Trampuš-Bakija, Alenka; Pungerčar, Jože; Križaj, Igor (2 September 2016). "Venomics of Vipera berus berus to explain differences in pathology elicited by Vipera ammodytes ammodytes envenomation: Therapeutic implications". Journal of Proteomics. 146: 34–47. doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2016.06.020. PMID 27327134.
Di Nicola, Matteo R.; Pontara, Andrea; Kass, George E.N.; Kramer, Nynke I.; Avella, Ignazio; Pampena, Riccardo; Mercuri, Santo Raffaele; Dorne, Jean Lou C.M.; Paolino, Giovanni (15 April 2021). "Vipers of Major clinical relevance in Europe: Taxonomy, venom composition, toxicology and clinical management of human bites". Toxicology. 453 152724. doi:10.1016/j.tox.2021.152724. PMID 33610611.
Malina, Tamás; Krecsák, László; Westerström, Alexander; Szemán-Nagy, Gábor; Gyémánt, Gyöngyi; M-Hamvas, Márta; Rowan, Edward G.; Harvey, Alan L.; Warrell, David A.; Pál, Balázs; Rusznák, Zoltán; Vasas, Gábor (1 September 2017). "Individual variability of venom from the European adder (Vipera berus berus) from one locality in Eastern Hungary". Toxicon. 135: 59–70. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.06.004. PMID 28602828.

firstaidtrainingcooperative.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

McKillop, Ann (April 2021). "Advice on Adder Bites". First Aid Training Co-operative.

ggiz-erfurt.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Giftschlangen: Tod durch Kreuzotterbiss?" [Venomous snakes: death from adder bite?]. Gemeinsames Giftinformationszentrum Erfurt (in German). 4 May 2004. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 6 September 2021.

itis.gov (Global: 241^st place; English: 478^th place)

"Vipera berus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 15 August 2006.

iucn.org (Global: 3,361^st place; English: 2,917^th place)

portals.iucn.org

"IV: The Categories". 2001 IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, version 3.1 (PDF) (2nd ed.). International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2012. ISBN 978-2-8317-1435-6. Retrieved 14 February 2010.

iucnredlist.org (Global: 39^th place; English: 71^st place)

Munkhbayar, K.; Rustamov, A; Orlov, N.L.; Jelić, D.; Meyer, A.; Borczyk, B.; Joger, U.; Tomović, L.; Cheylan, M.; Corti, C.; Crnobrnja-Isailović, J.; Vogrin, M.; Sá-Sousa, P.; Pleguezuelos, J.; Sterijovski, B.; Westerström, A.; Schmidt, B.; Sindaco, R.; Borkin, L.; Milto, K. & Nuridjanov, D. (2021). "Vipera berus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T47756146A743903. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T47756146A743903.en. Retrieved 8 August 2023.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Olsson, M.; Madsen, T.; Shine, R. (1997). "Is sperm really so cheap? Costs of reproduction in male adders,Vipera berus". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 264 (1380): 455–459. doi:10.1098/rspb.1997.0065. JSTOR 50437. PMC 1688262. (includes chart showing range of male mass in one population)

mst.dk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Hugorm". Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark. Miljø- og Fødevareministeriet. Archived from the original on 27 June 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2018.

naturvardsverket.se (Global: 3,135^th place; English: low place)

"Orm på tomten". www.naturvardsverket.se. 4 August 2025. Retrieved 14 June 2026.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Warrell, David A. (2005). "Treatment of bites by adders and exotic venomous snakes". British Medical Journal. 331 (7527): 1244–1247. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7527.1244. PMC 1289323. PMID 16308385.
Owens, JB; Wüster, W; Mulley, J (2025). "The genome sequence of the common adder, Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758)". Wellcome Open Research. 2. 10: 11. doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23470.2. PMC 12511858. PMID 41079487.
Latinović, Zorica; Leonardi, Adrijana; Šribar, Jernej; Sajevic, Tamara; Žužek, Monika C.; Frangež, Robert; Halassy, Beata; Trampuš-Bakija, Alenka; Pungerčar, Jože; Križaj, Igor (2 September 2016). "Venomics of Vipera berus berus to explain differences in pathology elicited by Vipera ammodytes ammodytes envenomation: Therapeutic implications". Journal of Proteomics. 146: 34–47. doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2016.06.020. PMID 27327134.
Di Nicola, Matteo R.; Pontara, Andrea; Kass, George E.N.; Kramer, Nynke I.; Avella, Ignazio; Pampena, Riccardo; Mercuri, Santo Raffaele; Dorne, Jean Lou C.M.; Paolino, Giovanni (15 April 2021). "Vipers of Major clinical relevance in Europe: Taxonomy, venom composition, toxicology and clinical management of human bites". Toxicology. 453 152724. doi:10.1016/j.tox.2021.152724. PMID 33610611.
Malina, Tamás; Krecsák, László; Westerström, Alexander; Szemán-Nagy, Gábor; Gyémánt, Gyöngyi; M-Hamvas, Márta; Rowan, Edward G.; Harvey, Alan L.; Warrell, David A.; Pál, Balázs; Rusznák, Zoltán; Vasas, Gábor (1 September 2017). "Individual variability of venom from the European adder (Vipera berus berus) from one locality in Eastern Hungary". Toxicon. 135: 59–70. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.06.004. PMID 28602828.
Mittendorf and Windskog (2024). "Anaphylaxis as probable cause of death in a rare case of fatal Vipera berus bite". Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology. 20 (4). Images in Forensics: 1547–1552. doi:10.1007/s12024-023-00776-2. PMC 11790695. PMID 38265556.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Warrell, David A. (2005). "Treatment of bites by adders and exotic venomous snakes". British Medical Journal. 331 (7527): 1244–1247. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7527.1244. PMC 1289323. PMID 16308385.
Owens, JB; Wüster, W; Mulley, J (2025). "The genome sequence of the common adder, Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758)". Wellcome Open Research. 2. 10: 11. doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23470.2. PMC 12511858. PMID 41079487.
Olsson, M.; Madsen, T.; Shine, R. (1997). "Is sperm really so cheap? Costs of reproduction in male adders,Vipera berus". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 264 (1380): 455–459. doi:10.1098/rspb.1997.0065. JSTOR 50437. PMC 1688262. (includes chart showing range of male mass in one population)
Mittendorf and Windskog (2024). "Anaphylaxis as probable cause of death in a rare case of fatal Vipera berus bite". Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology. 20 (4). Images in Forensics: 1547–1552. doi:10.1007/s12024-023-00776-2. PMC 11790695. PMID 38265556.

reading.ac.uk (Global: 8,112^th place; English: 4,877^th place)

centaur.reading.ac.uk

Gardner, Emma; Julian, Angela; Monk, Chris; Baker, John (2019). "Make the Adder Count: population trends from a citizen science survey of UK adders" (PDF). Herpetological Journal. 29: 57–70. doi:10.33256/hj29.1.5770. S2CID 92204234.

reference.com (Global: 1,491^st place; English: 1,468^th place)

dictionary.reference.com

"adder". Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House, Inc. Retrieved 7 February 2010.

reptarium.cz (Global: 506^th place; English: 455^th place)

reptile-database.reptarium.cz

Vipera berus at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 21 November 2007.

riksdagen.se (Global: 1,702^nd place; English: 3,617^th place)

"Artskyddsförordning (2007:845)". Klimat- och näringslivsdepartementet. 10 §. Retrieved 12 June 2024.

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 146^th place)

Warrell, David A. (1 January 2014), "Venomous and Poisonous Animals", Manson's Tropical Infectious Diseases, W.B. Saunders, pp. 1096–1127.e3, doi:10.1016/B978-0-7020-5101-2.00076-5, ISBN 978-0-7020-5101-2, retrieved 5 June 2026

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Krecsák, László; Wahlgren, Richard (2008). "A survey of the Linnaean type material of Coluber berus, Coluber chersea and Coluber prester (Serpentes, Viperidae)". Journal of Natural History. 42 (35–36): 2343–2377. Bibcode:2008JNatH..42.2343K. doi:10.1080/00222930802126888. S2CID 83947746.
Gardner, Emma; Julian, Angela; Monk, Chris; Baker, John (2019). "Make the Adder Count: population trends from a citizen science survey of UK adders" (PDF). Herpetological Journal. 29: 57–70. doi:10.33256/hj29.1.5770. S2CID 92204234.

species.wikimedia.org (Global: 974^th place; English: 474^th place)

Steward JW (1971). The Snakes of Europe. Cranbury, New Jersey: Associated University Press (Fairleigh Dickinson University Press). 238 pp. LCCCN 77-163307. ISBN 0-8386-1023-4.
Mehrtens JM (1987). Living Snakes of the World in Color. New York: Sterling Publishers. 480 pp. ISBN 0-8069-6460-X.
Olsson, M.; Madsen, T.; Shine, R. (1997). "Is sperm really so cheap? Costs of reproduction in male adders,Vipera berus". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 264 (1380): 455–459. doi:10.1098/rspb.1997.0065. JSTOR 50437. PMC 1688262. (includes chart showing range of male mass in one population)
Strugariu, Alexandru; Zamfirescu, Ştefan R.; Gherghel, Iulian (2009). "First record of the adder (Vipera berus berus) in Argeș County (Southern Romania)". Biharean Biologist. 3 (2): 164. Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2013. (gives example masses of females).
Anibaldi, Claudio; Luiselli, Luca; Capula, Massimo (1995). "The diet of juvenile adders, Vipera berus, in an alpine habitat". Amphibia-Reptilia. 16 (4): 404–407. doi:10.1163/156853895x00488. ISSN 0173-5373.

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

Milton, Nicholas (1 October 2020). "Game birds 'could wipe out adders in most of Britain within 12 years'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 1 October 2020.

toxinfo.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Vipera berus antivenoms". Munich AntiVenom INdex (MAVIN). Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 15 September 2006.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Everyday Adders – the Adder in Folklore". The Herpetological Conservation Trust. Archived from the original on 3 October 2009. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
Strugariu, Alexandru; Zamfirescu, Ştefan R.; Gherghel, Iulian (2009). "First record of the adder (Vipera berus berus) in Argeș County (Southern Romania)". Biharean Biologist. 3 (2): 164. Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2013. (gives example masses of females).
"Adder (Vipera berus)". ARKive. Archived from the original on 7 November 2008. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
"Adder (Vipera berus) - facts and status". ARKive. Archived from the original on 11 July 2009. Retrieved 7 February 2010. This ref cites Beebee T, & Griffiths R. (2000) Amphibians and Reptiles: a Natural History of the British Herpetofauna. London: Harper Collins Publishers Ltd. as the source.
"Hugorm". Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark. Miljø- og Fødevareministeriet. Archived from the original on 27 June 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
"Vipera berus antivenoms". Munich AntiVenom INdex (MAVIN). Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 15 September 2006.
"Giftschlangen: Tod durch Kreuzotterbiss?" [Venomous snakes: death from adder bite?]. Gemeinsames Giftinformationszentrum Erfurt (in German). 4 May 2004. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 6 September 2021.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Milton, Nicholas (1 October 2020). "Game birds 'could wipe out adders in most of Britain within 12 years'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
Anibaldi, Claudio; Luiselli, Luca; Capula, Massimo (1995). "The diet of juvenile adders, Vipera berus, in an alpine habitat". Amphibia-Reptilia. 16 (4): 404–407. doi:10.1163/156853895x00488. ISSN 0173-5373.

wwf.fi (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Kyykäärme on huomisesta lähtien rauhoitettu – "Tämä on hartaasti odotettu lakiuudistus"". WWF Suomi (in Finnish). 31 May 2023. Retrieved 14 June 2026.

wwf.no (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Hoggorm". WWF Norway (in Norwegian).

yorkshirepost.co.uk (Global: 2,482^nd place; English: 1,212^th place)

"Don't pick up snakes warn officials after man is bitten in Yorkshire forest". The Yorkshire Post. 7 August 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2021.

zenodo.org (Global: 737^th place; English: 426^th place)

Krecsák, László; Wahlgren, Richard (2008). "A survey of the Linnaean type material of Coluber berus, Coluber chersea and Coluber prester (Serpentes, Viperidae)". Journal of Natural History. 42 (35–36): 2343–2377. Bibcode:2008JNatH..42.2343K. doi:10.1080/00222930802126888. S2CID 83947746.

Adder (English Wikipedia)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

aftenposten.no (Global: 1,208th place; English: 1,668th place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

arkive.org (Global: 4,457th place; English: 5,133rd place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

coe.int (Global: 777th place; English: 802nd place)

rm.coe.int

crislis.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

discoverwildlife.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

doaj.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

elsevier.com (Global: 365th place; English: 372nd place)

linkinghub.elsevier.com

firstaidtrainingcooperative.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

ggiz-erfurt.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

itis.gov (Global: 241st place; English: 478th place)

iucn.org (Global: 3,361st place; English: 2,917th place)

portals.iucn.org

iucnredlist.org (Global: 39th place; English: 71st place)

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

mst.dk (Global: low place; English: low place)

naturvardsverket.se (Global: 3,135th place; English: low place)

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

reading.ac.uk (Global: 8,112th place; English: 4,877th place)

centaur.reading.ac.uk

reference.com (Global: 1,491st place; English: 1,468th place)

dictionary.reference.com

reptarium.cz (Global: 506th place; English: 455th place)

reptile-database.reptarium.cz

riksdagen.se (Global: 1,702nd place; English: 3,617th place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137th place; English: 146th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

species.wikimedia.org (Global: 974th place; English: 474th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16th place; English: 11th place)

toxinfo.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

wwf.fi (Global: low place; English: low place)

wwf.no (Global: low place; English: low place)

yorkshirepost.co.uk (Global: 2,482nd place; English: 1,212th place)

zenodo.org (Global: 737th place; English: 426th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

aftenposten.no (Global: 1,208^th place; English: 1,668^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

arkive.org (Global: 4,457^th place; English: 5,133^rd place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

coe.int (Global: 777^th place; English: 802^nd place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

elsevier.com (Global: 365^th place; English: 372^nd place)

itis.gov (Global: 241^st place; English: 478^th place)

iucn.org (Global: 3,361^st place; English: 2,917^th place)

iucnredlist.org (Global: 39^th place; English: 71^st place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

naturvardsverket.se (Global: 3,135^th place; English: low place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

reading.ac.uk (Global: 8,112^th place; English: 4,877^th place)

reference.com (Global: 1,491^st place; English: 1,468^th place)

reptarium.cz (Global: 506^th place; English: 455^th place)

riksdagen.se (Global: 1,702^nd place; English: 3,617^th place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 146^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

species.wikimedia.org (Global: 974^th place; English: 474^th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

yorkshirepost.co.uk (Global: 2,482^nd place; English: 1,212^th place)

zenodo.org (Global: 737^th place; English: 426^th place)